Will the Chimigen Vaccine Stop Chicken Virus, Anthrax and Hepatitis? - 0 views
started by White Combs on 28 Aug 13
started by White Combs on 28 Aug 13
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Dr. Rajan George: Chimigen healing vaccine is used to produce immune responses in a host against infections that are difficult to produce immune responses, by targeting the vaccine to dendritic cells. The Chimigen system could be extended to develop remedies for difficult-to-treat chronic infectious diseases.
Interviewer: Does that mean the Chimigen program may be used to treat any infectious-disease?
As in the case of HIV.The Chimigen system can be utilized to create both a therapeutic vaccine or a prophylactic vaccine, dr. Rajan George: Yes, except in cases where the immune system is non-functional. That depends on the condition goal and the antigen attached to the program. While the others have an use in preventing an infection, some antigens have an use in healing infection. Just one will be targeted for the dendritic cells. A cytotoxic T cell response is generated by the therapeutic vaccine. A prophylactic vaccine would make a-b cell response and antibody production.
Interviewer: From your way youve explained the Chimigen vaccine, it appears potentially helpful for many applications beyond Hepatitis B and C. How broad will be the applications?
Dr. Rajan George: We should be in a position to use this program for cancer therapy, dependant on the cancer antigen we use. We are able to plug-in a particular cancer antigen into this system, and the vaccine focused to dendritic cells. The dendritic cells would process and present the proper antigen, then generating immune responses (T &B cell) contrary to the cancer. We're also considering some bio-terrorist viruses, the biological weapons terrorists would use. We just started a project to check out some of those worms to see if we can produce the prophylactic vaccines to prevent diseases that could be due to patient that could possibly be found in bioterrorism.
Interviewer: Would the Chimigen vaccine work as a prophylactic against avian flu, H5N1?
Dr. Rajan George: if we just plugged in-the bird flu antigen into the platform It might benefit bird flu. Then we could use it as a prophylactic. It makes antibody to build B-Cell response. It is possible to produce a prophylactic vaccine using this platform. The Chimigen software is very convenient.
Interviewer: How high is your confidence level in creating a prophylactic vaccine for the avian flu virus?
Dr. Rajan George: My thinking is that it's quite high. I believe very highly of having a vaccine like that. But, the best proof needs to originate from individuals. Our HepaVaxx W clinical trial will give a lot to us of information about how the technology actually works. Until then, our optimism is based on laboratory results.
Interviewer: Are you able to identify what contains the Chimigen system?
Dr. Rajan George: The system has two components. The first one is from your infectious agent. The 2nd part is from the murine monoclonal antibody. Part one is merged using a fragment of part two-by recombinant technology to make a new organization, the Chimigen vaccine. We're recombining a very important factor with another. We have a disease that has certain antigens. We take some of those, and a recombinant molecule is produced by us with the fragment we've taken from a murine monoclonal antibody. Chimigen will be the term we came up with to incorporate the meaning of the entire expression, chimeric antigen. Chimeric means it arises from two different places. We put them together and produce a molecule. One is from the virus. The other one is in the mouse, the monoclonal antibody. Now we have by recombinant techniques produced a protein which really is a chimeric protein. Thats the vaccine.
Interviewer: How can you develop this kind of versatile vaccine, one that appears capable of treating not exactly any illness?
Dr. Rajan George: To produce a Chimigen vaccine to treat nearly any illness, we focus on an antigen (protein) from the infectious agent. We fuse it with a fragment called Fc of a mouse monoclonal antibody. That is done using recombinant practices. We end up getting a fresh protein. This protein is manufactured in a cell culture of commercially available insect cells. The protein is made by the cells. From the tradition, we purify this specific protein that we made. The insect cell system is just a tool. By virtue of its production in insect cells, the protein reaches specific properties which are of good use in making better immune responses. Producing this protein in insect cells offers some very unusual properties to it, which are different from our own mammalian proteins. Once we've it taken from the cell, we cleanse it and make it really natural. We now have a protein with herpes antigen murine monoclonal antibody with altered properties. It is a totally new thing.
Interviewer: What do you mean when you say, useful in building better immune responses?
Dr. Rajan George: When a person includes a chronic virus illness, their human body ignores the virus and related proteins. the virus is treated by the body included in itself. The human body doesn't recognize this virus as some thing foreign to it. Which means immune system doesn't attack the virus. But, by combining herpes antigen using a foreign protein including the murine antibody fragment, the complete chimeric protein now is regarded by the bodys immunity system as foreign, not the same as something of an unique. In essence, it is a re-education of the immune system to switch its acceptance of the virus from self to international.
Interviewer: From where did the medical type come, and is there similarities to another ViRexx Medical solution, OvaRex MAb?
Dr. Rajan George: This model arose from conversations one of the three lead experts of the company, both founders of-the company, Dr. Tony Noujaim, Dr. Lorne Tyrrell and myself. I am a biochemist by training and the collective thoughts of all of us went in-to the design of the Chimigen software. One significant similarity between Chimigen and OvaRex is the fact that both involve a murine monoclonal antibody. Another similarity is the fact that both goal dendritic cells. The Chimigen model originated from ideas about targeting dendritic cells, but with no use of antibodies. OvaRex is just a murine monoclonal antibody from the cancer antigen CA-125. The Chimigen vaccine has a fragment of a murine monoclonal antibody. OvaRex requires the CA-125 antigen in a cancer patient to bind to. The bound complex goes to the dendritic cells. The Chimigen vaccine does not have to search for the antigen in an individual because it already has the appropriate antigen built in it.
Interviewer: It sounds as if the Chimigen vaccine acts in a similar way to OvaRex when controling a hostile threat to-the health. Just how do they differ?
Dr. Rajan George: There are similarities and there are differences. OvaRex binds to the antigen CA-125. Then, the CA-125/Ovarex complex binds to the dendritic cells. The complex is internalized and processed. The peptides produced from the antigen are presented to the T cells, and the sequence of events in the immune system gets triggered. The cytotoxic T cells get rid of the cancer cells that incorporate the antigen. In the situation of the Chimigen vaccine, the vaccine itself offers the antigen. It goes through the dendritic cell pathway and triggers the CTL response to clear the virus-infected cells. The system also produces antibodies to viral antigens, which bind virus and viral antigens and accelerate their removal. Due to the presence of the murine monoclonal antibody fragment, which is dangerous to humans, along with the antigen from the virus, the bodys immunity system treats this as a new threat and takes action. That is the immune response.
Interviewer: How could this work in managing Hepatitis B?
Dr. Rajan George: Having a therapy for Hepatitis B chronic infection, for an individual who already has the infection, would involve re-educating the immune system to react differently than it formerly has. The infected person already has this virus and the derived antigens. Should you put some more of the same antigens in-to the person, the persons immune-system isn't going to learn the difference His human anatomy is going to say, Well, whats the difference? I have it. I am perhaps not going to do something with it. The human body may ignore it. Thats what's called patience. With the Chimigen healing vaccine, we have changed the bodys immune response to herpes.
Interviewer: How then have you ever changed the bodys response to the disease?
Dr. Rajan George: In-a Hepatitis B long-term infection, lets say I've the infection. My program is tolerating herpes. Their ignoring the existence of the virus. While that's happening, the virus may be causing disease in with my liver. Eventually, its likely to get my liver in-to trouble and my immune system hasn't responded acceptably to remove the danger. We inject the protein usually the one we just developed, which we call the Chimigen Therapeutic Vaccine into the HBV chronic carrier, someone who has a chronic hepatitis B virus disease. What goes on is when our protein is administered, the dendritic cells are going to search for anything new which enters the body. Those cells will be the immune systems first-line monitoring. The dendritic cells are going to find out this new foreign protein, and they are going to believe that this differs from what was previously inside. Their recognition of the molecule has changed from what it had been before. Before the virus protein was recognized as a self protein. Today it is being recognized as a foreign protein. In chronic hepatitis B virus infection, the virus was seen by the dendritic cells as part of the self of the host, the vaccine changes the identification of the virus protein as foreign to the host. Because the viral antigen is linked to the fragment of the mouse monoclonal antibody the immediate the chimigen to dendritic cells it will enter the dendritic cell and be processed and stimulate an immune response.
Interviewer: And following the vaccine treatment, what does your body see?
Dr. Rajan George: The bodys immune system view a new international antigen consists of a percentage of the mouse monoclonal antibody linked to the viral antigen. Its a foreign antigen. The new chimigen stimulates an immune reaction to the antigen in addition to the antigen. This can be crucial since the virus antigen was previously being ignored. Today, its being thought to be foreign through associated acceptance of the mouse antigen as being foreign.
Interviewer: How can the dendritic cells react when they acknowledge this foreign threat?
Dr. Rajan George: The dendritic cells are the sentries of the immune system. They protect what is available in. Once they acknowledge a foreign situation, what does the immunity system do? It treats the whole molecule, the whole protein including the virus antigen, as foreign. The dendritic cells chop up this protein in-to small pieces called proteins. These peptides are called epitopes. There are T cell epitopes which are smaller, and B cell epitopes which are longer. These small proteins bind to MHC I and trigger Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The dendritic cells possess a system where they put the epitope on another protein, MHC Class I, and carry it to the area of the dendritic cell. They're offered as a complex on the floor of the dendritic cell-to attract the T-cells. The T-cells come and see this, then get activated. Today, the service can also be specific to the virus protein. There are different types of T-cells, however the cytotoxic T-Cells are the most crucial in reducing infections that already exist. The activated cytotoxic T-cells will be the people who do the fighting. They are the ones who begin killing the virus infected cells.
Interviewer: And what about the T Cells?
Dr. Rajan George: That is another side-to this story. The dendritic cells may present a different sort of peptide epitope. There's an additional class of peptides, that are also produced when the protein is chopped up. The dendritic cells induce the B-Cells, B-Lymphocytes. And antibodies are produced by B-lymphocytes. The longer peptides bind to stimulate T lymphocytes and MHC II (T cells). B cells make anti-bodies against the peptides. The anti-bodies are specific to the antigens we devote the Chimigen Therapeutic Vaccine. Anti-bodies bind to viral proteins that are on the surface of and block the ability of the virus to bind to a target cell-to cause an infection and stop the infection. This is the basis of a prophylactic vaccine. The antigen may bind to the invading virus and form a complex the body removes. The B-Cells develop anti-bodies against herpes antigen, which we've place in the Chimigen vaccine. What do these antibodies do? Since they have the antigen the antibodies are unique to the antigen and bind to the worms. The device removes the virus by binding using the antibody. Also, the machine eliminates infected cells using cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Both of these activities are accomplished by the Chimigen vaccine.
Interviewer: Arent there a lot of antibodies being investigated as therapeutics?
Dr. Rajan George: There are certainly a large amount of anti-bodies being examined as therapeutics. OvaRex is the prime example. Avastin and Herceptin are two the others, both that are doing well on the market. Yet another is Remicade, that is used to treat conditions including rheumatoid arthritis. There are antibodies that are in various stages of medical development, many are humanized antibodies where you wish to avoid an immune reaction to the antibody. Our chimigen engineering is new as we are attempting to raise the immune response on a virus or a cancer through linked recognition. It's maybe not found anywhere outside of our laboratories. This method has not been tried before for chronic HBV or HCV infections.
Interviewer: Why would your vaccine work where others have tried and failed?
Dr. Rajan George: The reason is due to the novelty of the technology. We are re-educating the bodys own defense mechanisms to complete the task by using the Chimigen technology. That is a non-human antibody that is connected to a certain antigen whenever you insert a xenotypic antibody,. Your body recognizes the complete compound as foreign and creates immune responses with both T- and B-Cell defense. Learn extra info about rate us online by going to our powerful wiki. We believe that this improved immune response will be useful in controlling the viral disease in the event of viral chimigens.
Interviewer: Much of the research has been within the laboratory. How much of that is theoretical?
Dr. Rajan George: Our experiences so far have already been mainly with remote systems, indicating fresh systems outside the body. For case, ViRexxs Chimigen vaccine for treating chronic hepatitis B infection is what we call HepaVaxx W. This is waiting to go into Phase I clinical trials. We've done lots of ex vivo experiments in the research to evaluate the immune responses it could make. We showed what we had predicted in theory continues to be true. We've also done some animal studies, where in fact the vaccine showed similar effects, again, as expected. For HepaVaxx B, your pet email address details are also showing promise and good progress. We believe the Phase I studies may show safety and probably some immunological information. The advanced level clinical trials, Phase II and III, may tell us just what occurs in humans (efficiency) with a persistent illness of Hepatitis B. I believe the Chimigen vaccine program could make a difference in the area of immunotherapy of cancer and infectious diseases. For HCV, there's neither a therapeutic vaccine or a prophylactic vaccine available in the market at this time. Current available remedies are not very effective, are expensive and have serious side effects. We do need more effective vaccines, both prophylactic and therapeutic, to avoid new hepatitis C virus infections and to eradicate current infections. It is not an simple challenge but hepatitis C can be an important goal.