Local governments initially started carrying health insurance back in 2003 when Megawati Soekarnoputri’s government presented the Health Service Insurance for Poor Families program, or JPK-Gakin. The notion was for district managements to apply their personal community health insurance schemes in line with local requirements. Nevertheless, limited programs ever actually got off the ground before Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s new government presented a bill that laid the foundation for a nation-wide program and made JPK-Gakin redundant, Law no. 40/2004 on a National Social Security System (SJSN). Simultaneously, Yudhoyono’s government announced a program to run free, however basic, healthcare to the poor - Askeskin (health insurance for the poor), which was substituted in 2008 by Jamkesmas (community health insurance).
Certain regional administrations put up a round. In 2005, East Java’s government led a test at the Constitutional Court demanding that SJSN gave the central government a monopoly on social service provision and broke the constitution and Law no. 32/2004 on Regional Governance. The court approved that SJSN did not stop local governments from emerging their own social security programs, as well as for healthcare. Ever since, the quantity of local health insurance programs has increased year on year.
One of the groundbreaking systems was Jaminan Kesehatan Jembrana (JKJ) presented in 2003 by Gede Winasa, the head of Jembrana district in Bali. According to this scheme, all members of JKJ, may they be poor or non-poor get free pri
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