The study of the potential sources, oral and written, used to compose a text. This approach is home to the Documentary Hypothesis and the Q source for the Gospels.
Source criticism, as the term is used in biblical criticism, refers to the attempt to establish the sources used by the author and/or redactor of the final text. The term "literary criticism" is occasionally used as a synonym. The ultimate aim of these scholars was to reconstruct the history of the biblical text, as well as the religious history of ancient Israel. In general, the closer a source is to the event which it purports to describe, the more one can trust it to give an accurate description of what really happened.
Source criticism, as the term is used in biblical criticism, refers to the attempt to establish the sources used by the author and/or redactor of the final text. The term "literary criticism" is occasionally used as a synonym. The ultimate aim of these scholars was to reconstruct the history of the biblical text, as well as the religious history of ancient Israel. In general, the closer a source is to the event which it purports to describe, the more one can trust it to give an accurate description of what really happened.