Historical And Political Evolution Of Nigeria From 1900-Present Day - 1 views

started by reeyaarora123 on 19 Feb 15

#1 reeyaarora123 on 19 Feb 15

Britain ruled indirectly from the existing nearby institutions. Friend Frederick Lugard's Oblique Rule did wonders in the N . and the Western where Standard rulers were previously in place. It however, failed woefully in the East where there was no tradition of main governing power. What the English did therefore, was to create artificial chiefs whom they will called "Warrant chiefs". Due to the alien authority so created in the East and because some of them were really insignificant folks, the bring about chiefs commanded little or no power. People both ignored these or protested their rule. One of many upshots of this anomaly had been the 'Aba Riots' regarding 1929, led through women who have been protesting in the main, the actual imposition of duty by a justify chief.

THE CLIFFORD CONSTITUTION Regarding 1922

The actual Governor of Africa at this time, Mister Hugh Clifford had earlier attacked the National Congress regarding British West Africa, a political get together which was formed and brought from the Gold Coast by Casely Hayford, for having routed a request to the secretary of condition for the Cities in London. One of the agitations of the informed minority inside Lagos and Calabar places was for correct constitutional representation, and the petition was rejected by Lord Milner, the particular secretary of state. Clifford himself had assaulted the National Congress of Uk West The african continent as a whole, however he totally appreciated the necessity for reform and especially for elevated participation associated with Nigerians in the authorities of their own region.

One of the governmental consequences from the Clifford Constitution could be that the introduction of elective theory in the Intention Council activated political exercise, particularly in Lagos, which had three seats. Political parties and newspapers were started, though some were short-lived as a result of personal rivalries and inadequate money. That was early stage regarding Nigerian nationalism. Herbert Macaulay founded the first Nigerian political party - Nigerian Nationwide Democratic Party (NNDP) - and that won every one of the elections of 1923, 1928 and also 1933.

The supremacy within Lagos of the NNDP was not challenged until the foundation within 1934 of the Lagos Youth Movement, which changed it's name to be able to Nigeria Youth Movement (NYM) within 1936. The NYM emerged from comparable obscurity at the 1938 Common Elections to obstacle the NNDP plus it became the predominant Nigerian party beneath Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe's leadership, until he resigned from it on an inner issue of confidence in 1941, after which it faded aside.

The impact from the Second World War (1945-1949) after Nationalist movements within British Western side Africa has been the same in most territories. The effect was threefold: military, psychological, as well as economic.

More and more West Africa troops have been recruited and saw military service inside East Photography equipment, in Northern Africa, and a lot particularly, inside South East Asia. They were educated that they were battling for independence, and had been promised great resettlement facilities after they returned home and were demobilized. However, Western African devices in South East Asia had been issued along with pamphlets explaining demobilization and resettlement methods applicable in order to British troopers being demobilized in the United Kingdom for when they got back to their particular countries the West African soldiers were summarily dismissed from the military, and grown the rates high of the jobless.

During the battle, the propaganda with the Allies had been based upon the concept of freedom (since indeed acquired Nazi propaganda directed at the colonies). America, as an ex-colony, took an strongly anti-colonialist line from the time of the Ocean Charter with the United Nations.

Lastly, following war-time as well as post-war shortages and rising cost of living, the price of shipped in goods increased, though the rates received simply by local makers for export did not rise like the same extent. This particular led to dissentient plus a belief that the particular Colonial people were the victims of imperialist as well as capitalist exploitation.

The outcome of Azikiwe's newspaper - West African Aviator - as well as other factors energized the quest for independence. Such other factors were the effect of arranged labour, pupil unionism and the stimulating balm made available from the self-reliance of India within 1947.

The particular RICHARDS CONSTITUTION OF 1946

Sir Arthur Richards (later on Lord Milverton) posted his Constitutional recommendations to the assistant of express for the Hives in December 1944. The plans were of two main characteristics: the particular pursuit of self-determination and also the development of localised separatism.

There was travelling across condemnation from the Richards Constitution by way of a plethora of protests, viz, the Summer 1945 general affect of structured labour spearheaded by the labour leader, Pa Michael Imoudu, the development and routines of the Zikist Motion and the escalating impatience as well as radicalism of the youths. The newest mood with the moment has been captured simply by Ogedemgbe Macaulay (son associated with Herbert Macaulay) and Mallam Habib Abdallah. More youthful Macaulay was noted to have argued that "if we tell the governor to come down, he will not; we must pull him straight down and control."

In a 1948 lecture titled "The Age of Good Action", Mallam Abdallah said:

"I dislike the Marriage Jack with all my heart since it divides the people wherever it goes...it is a indication of persecution, of control, a symbol of exploitation... associated with brutality...we have passed age of petition...ages of resolution...age of diplomacy. This is the age of action : plain, dull and optimistic action.Inch

The Nationalist market leaders were highly opposed to the particular Richards Constitution since they claimed that it had been with little thought imposed on them, given that Richards himself hadn't consulted either the political leaders or perhaps public opinion in general.

THE MACPHERSON CONSTITUTION Regarding 1951

Sir John Macpherson took over through Sir Arthur Richards as Governor in April 1948. Macpherson attempted any rapprochement with the Nigerian Nationalists, therefore securing their co-operation in a typical effort in direction of self-government.

In the early part of his governorship, he or she carried out town reforms which are intended to fix up and democratize local government structure of Southern Nigeria. He also create a special commission, which included Dr. Azikiwe, to make tips about the 'Nigerianization' of the senior municipal service. Upon 17th July 1948, Macpherson addressed the particular Legislative Authorities that "if it was the want of the country" he or she was ready to make constitutional adjustments within 36 months.

Lengthy wrangling one of the Nationalists led to constitutional alter with the feeling polarizing the three main parties in relation to the three Locations then current - the Action Group based on Yoruba support, the NCNC based upon Ibo support, and the NPC based on Hausa/Fulani support, and thus establishing by themselves as spokesmen of the three significant tribal and also regional passions.

The breakdown of the Macpherson Constitution - though it represented a structure inside which Nigerian governmental leaders may have worked out their own political salvation had they wished on the basis of 'Unity in Diversity'- its principal weakness place in its disappointment to provide government at the center. For instance, there was a determination of the particular relationships on one side between the governmental parties and also on the other hand between Nigerian market leaders and expatriate officials. A further constitutional impasse developed in the Federal House associated with Representatives as a result of the motion calling for, 'as a primary political goal the accomplishment of self-government regarding Nigeria within 1956' which was transferred by key Anthony Enahoro, an Motion Group associate, on March 31, 1953.

The actual LYTTELTON CONSTITUTION 1954

The particular political environment throughout Africa rapidly deteriorated into party and racial intolerance, as evinced, as an example, by the Kano Riots associated with 1953. Accordingly, Mister. Oliver Lyttleton, the admin of state, stated in is know for Commons on Thirty first May 1953 which, since it made an appearance impossible with regard to Nigerians to work collectively effectively in a tightly knit federation, 'Her majesty's Government experienced regretfully decided how the Nigerian Constitution would have to be withdrawn to provide for higher regional independence and for the elimination of powers associated with intervention from the center in matters which could, without hindrance to other areas, be placed completely within localised competence.A He appropriately invited Nigerian market leaders to come to Greater london for a Constitutional Evaluation. The Nigerian governmental leaders after some political bickering visited Greater london from Thirtieth July to 22nd July 1953 for the constitutional conference, reaching arrangement on some major problems. It was arranged that the meeting should fulfill again within Lagos in Jan 1954 to deal with other conditions like recommendations for earnings allocation for the Regions.

The supremacy in Lagos of the NNDP was not challenged until the foundation in 1934 of the Lagos Youth Movement, which changed its name to Nigeria Youth Movement (NYM) in 1936. For more information know more.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">Britain ruled indirectly from the existing nearby institutions. Friend Frederick Lugard's Oblique Rule did wonders in the N . and the Western where Standard rulers were previously in place. It however, failed woefully in the East where there was no tradition of main governing power. What the English did therefore, was to create artificial chiefs whom they will called "Warrant chiefs". Due to the alien authority so created in the East and because some of them were really insignificant folks, the bring about chiefs commanded little or no power. People both ignored these or protested their rule. One of many upshots of this anomaly had been the 'Aba Riots' regarding 1929, led through women who have been protesting in the main, the actual imposition of duty by a justify chief. THE CLIFFORD CONSTITUTION Regarding 1922 The actual Governor of Africa at this time, Mister Hugh Clifford had earlier attacked the National Congress regarding British West Africa, a political get together which was formed and brought from the Gold Coast by Casely Hayford, for having routed a request to the secretary of condition for the Cities in London. One of the agitations of the informed minority inside Lagos and Calabar places was for correct constitutional representation, and the petition was rejected by Lord Milner, the particular secretary of state. Clifford himself had assaulted the National Congress of Uk West The african continent as a whole, however he totally appreciated the necessity for reform and especially for elevated participation associated with Nigerians in the authorities of their own region. One of the governmental consequences from the Clifford Constitution could be that the introduction of elective theory in the Intention Council activated political exercise, particularly in Lagos, which had three seats. Political parties and newspapers were started, though some were short-lived as a result of personal rivalries and inadequate money. That was early stage regarding Nigerian nationalism. Herbert Macaulay founded the first Nigerian political party - Nigerian Nationwide Democratic Party (NNDP) - and that won every one of the elections of 1923, 1928 and also 1933. The supremacy within Lagos of the NNDP was not challenged until the foundation within 1934 of the Lagos Youth Movement, which changed it's name to be able to Nigeria Youth Movement (NYM) within 1936. The NYM emerged from comparable obscurity at the 1938 Common Elections to obstacle the NNDP plus it became the predominant Nigerian party beneath Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe's leadership, until he resigned from it on an inner issue of confidence in 1941, after which it faded aside. The impact from the Second World War (1945-1949) after Nationalist movements within British Western side Africa has been the same in most territories. The effect was threefold: military, psychological, as well as economic. More and more West Africa troops have been recruited and saw military service inside East Photography equipment, in Northern Africa, and a lot particularly, inside South East Asia. They were educated that they were battling for independence, and had been promised great resettlement facilities after they returned home and were demobilized. However, Western African devices in South East Asia had been issued along with pamphlets explaining demobilization and resettlement methods applicable in order to British troopers being demobilized in the United Kingdom for when they got back to their particular countries the West African soldiers were summarily dismissed from the military, and grown the rates high of the jobless. During the battle, the propaganda with the Allies had been based upon the concept of freedom (since indeed acquired Nazi propaganda directed at the colonies). America, as an ex-colony, took an strongly anti-colonialist line from the time of the Ocean Charter with the United Nations. Lastly, following war-time as well as post-war shortages and rising cost of living, the price of shipped in goods increased, though the rates received simply by local makers for export did not rise like the same extent. This particular led to dissentient plus a belief that the particular Colonial people were the victims of imperialist as well as capitalist exploitation. The outcome of Azikiwe's newspaper - West African Aviator - as well as other factors energized the quest for independence. Such other factors were the effect of arranged labour, pupil unionism and the stimulating balm made available from the self-reliance of India within 1947. The particular RICHARDS CONSTITUTION OF 1946 Sir Arthur Richards (later on Lord Milverton) posted his Constitutional recommendations to the assistant of express for the Hives in December 1944. The plans were of two main characteristics: the particular pursuit of self-determination and also the development of localised separatism. There was travelling across condemnation from the Richards Constitution by way of a plethora of protests, viz, the Summer 1945 general affect of structured labour spearheaded by the labour leader, Pa Michael Imoudu, the development and routines of the Zikist Motion and the escalating impatience as well as radicalism of the youths. The newest mood with the moment has been captured simply by Ogedemgbe Macaulay (son associated with Herbert Macaulay) and Mallam Habib Abdallah. More youthful Macaulay was noted to have argued that "if we tell the governor to come down, he will not; we must pull him straight down and control." In a 1948 lecture titled "The Age of Good Action", Mallam Abdallah said: "I dislike the Marriage Jack with all my heart since it divides the people wherever it goes...it is a indication of persecution, of control, a symbol of exploitation... associated with brutality...we have passed age of petition...ages of resolution...age of diplomacy. This is the age of action : plain, dull and optimistic action.Inch The Nationalist market leaders were highly opposed to the particular Richards Constitution since they claimed that it had been with little thought imposed on them, given that Richards himself hadn't consulted either the political leaders or perhaps public opinion in general. THE MACPHERSON CONSTITUTION Regarding 1951 Sir John Macpherson took over through Sir Arthur Richards as Governor in April 1948. Macpherson attempted any rapprochement with the Nigerian Nationalists, therefore securing their co-operation in a typical effort in direction of self-government. In the early part of his governorship, he or she carried out town reforms which are intended to fix up and democratize local government structure of Southern Nigeria. He also create a special commission, which included Dr. Azikiwe, to make tips about the 'Nigerianization' of the senior municipal service. Upon 17th July 1948, Macpherson addressed the particular Legislative Authorities that "if it was the want of the country" he or she was ready to make constitutional adjustments within 36 months. Lengthy wrangling one of the Nationalists led to constitutional alter with the feeling polarizing the three main parties in relation to the three Locations then current - the Action Group based on Yoruba support, the NCNC based upon Ibo support, and the NPC based on Hausa/Fulani support, and thus establishing by themselves as spokesmen of the three significant tribal and also regional passions. The breakdown of the Macpherson Constitution - though it represented a structure inside which Nigerian governmental leaders may have worked out their own political salvation had they wished on the basis of 'Unity in Diversity'- its principal weakness place in its disappointment to provide government at the center. For instance, there was a determination of the particular relationships on one side between the governmental parties and also on the other hand between Nigerian market leaders and expatriate officials. A further constitutional impasse developed in the Federal House associated with Representatives as a result of the motion calling for, 'as a primary political goal the accomplishment of self-government regarding Nigeria within 1956' which was transferred by key Anthony Enahoro, an Motion Group associate, on March 31, 1953. The actual LYTTELTON CONSTITUTION 1954 The particular political environment throughout Africa rapidly deteriorated into party and racial intolerance, as evinced, as an example, by the Kano Riots associated with 1953. Accordingly, Mister. Oliver Lyttleton, the admin of state, stated in is know for Commons on Thirty first May 1953 which, since it made an appearance impossible with regard to Nigerians to work collectively effectively in a tightly knit federation, 'Her majesty's Government experienced regretfully decided how the Nigerian Constitution would have to be withdrawn to provide for higher regional independence and for the elimination of powers associated with intervention from the center in matters which could, without hindrance to other areas, be placed completely within localised competence.A He appropriately invited Nigerian market leaders to come to Greater london for a Constitutional Evaluation. The Nigerian governmental leaders after some political bickering visited Greater london from Thirtieth July to 22nd July 1953 for the constitutional conference, reaching arrangement on some major problems. It was arranged that the meeting should fulfill again within Lagos in Jan 1954 to deal with other conditions like recommendations for earnings allocation for the Regions. The supremacy in Lagos of the NNDP was not challenged until the foundation in 1934 of the Lagos Youth Movement, which changed its name to Nigeria Youth Movement (NYM) in 1936. For more information <a rel="nofollow" href="http://comisionadoppd.com">know more</a>.</div>

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