oday's continents that were a part of Gondwana include Australia, Antarctica, South America, Africa, and the regions of the Arabian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent. which have now moved entirely into the Northern Hemisphere.

How do we know that these lands were once joined?There are many techniques that scientists use to determine this. One way is through identifying the same or similar plants/land animals that exist in different continents. These give us some proof that the continents were joined. Another method is to study rocks which when formed at a