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Bottom-up, or self-assembly, approaches to nano-fabrication use chemical or physical forces operating at the nano-scale to assemble basic units into larger structures. As component size decreases in nano-fabrication, bottom-up approaches provide an increasingly important complement to top-down techniques. Inspiration for bottom-up approaches comes from biological systems, where nature has harnessed chemical forces to create essentially all the structures needed by life.

Working on the molecular and Nano scale, is one of the technology that has diverse implication in the world. It is combining different field of study and bringing it to a single platform.