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Oriana Zwerdling

11 Facts about Animal Testing | Do Something - 1 views

www.dosomething.org/...11-facts-about-animal-testing

shared by Oriana Zwerdling on 13 Dec 13 - Cached
    • Oriana Zwerdling
      Oriana Zwerdling on 13 Dec 13
       
      This helps to prove that the differences between animals and humans are very major, and that animal testing is essentially pointless because humans are very different from the animals that get tested on.
    • Oriana Zwerdling
      Oriana Zwerdling on 17 Dec 13
       
      The fact that many of these tests fail means that this results in many pointless deaths of animals as well as permanent damage, when the products dont work on the intended customers.
  • repeated force-feeding studies that last weeks or months, to look for signs of general illness or specific health hazards.widely condemned “lethal dose” tests, where animals are forced to swallow large amounts of a test chemical to determine what dose causes death.
    • Oriana Zwerdling
      Oriana Zwerdling on 13 Dec 13
       
      Humans can consume different things than other animals can because our bodies do different things and work differently. Also humans have a different lethal dose than animals because our bodies have more mass and can probably take more of something. Also, some things that are poisonus to birds are not to humans, so it could have a completely different effect on us vs. animals that get tested on.
  • 92 percent of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials because they are too dangerous or don’t work
  • Olivia Marquis on 13 Dec 13
     
    This site talks about the labs and facts on animal testing. It informs people on what is really going on with testing, rather than what you usually hear. Probably generalized facts, made to move individuals to action.
Oriana Zwerdling

Animal Testing - ProCon.org - 2 views

animal-testing.procon.org

shared by Oriana Zwerdling on 16 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • 95% of animals used in experiments are not protected by the federal Animal Welfare Act (AWA), which excludes birds, rats and mice bred for research, and cold-blooded animals such as reptiles and most fish. [1, 2, 3]
    • Oriana Zwerdling
      Oriana Zwerdling on 16 Dec 13
       
      Most of the animals used in experiments are not covered by the AWA, meaning many animals are not counted in terms of animal cruelty couts and statistics.
    • Oriana Zwerdling
      Oriana Zwerdling on 17 Dec 13
       
      Also, the AWA's lack of protection for many animals results in the cruel treatment of many animals such as rats and birds. Because of this, many more animals than people had thought get killed and very seriously injured due to testing.
    • Olivia Marquis
      Olivia Marquis on 17 Dec 13
       
      This site offers helpful and factual information on animal testing.  It says that 26 million animals are used for testing every year, both for scientific and commercial testing.  It gives both sides of the argument and covers the basics of this practice.  It tells who regulates this and how it is done as well.
  • Animal testing in the United States is regulated by the federal Animal Welfare Act (AWA), passed in 1966 and amended in 1970, 1976, and 1985. [27] The AWA defines "animal" as "any live or dead dog, cat, monkey (nonhuman primate mammal), guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or such other warm blooded animal." The AWA excludes birds, rats and mice bred for research, cold-blooded animals, and farm animals used for food and other purposes. [3]
    • Olivia Marquis
      Olivia Marquis on 17 Dec 13
       
      This definition has loopholes in that it does not include reptiles and many other animals in the descriptions, leaving a wide area for interpretation. This allows for other animals to possibly be mistreated and experimented on as well.  The regulations are somewhat vague and does not control the type of experiments, which can be harmful and lethal to the animals.  This essentially protects the companies and organizations from being restricted from performing some tests, which basically allows them to do whatever they wish with the animals.
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  • Opponents of animal testing say that it is cruel and inhumane to experiment on animals, that alternative methods available to researchers can replace animal testing, and that animals are so different from human beings that research on animals often yields irrelevant results.
    • Olivia Marquis
      Olivia Marquis on 17 Dec 13
       
      This section is accurate when it says that we believe in alternative methods.  Though there are not alternative methods for many of the experiments being currently performed, there are some that can be used in place of the cruel tests that are being utilized.  It is a practice that can be easily altered to lessen the pain on the animals, or even take out the use of animals altogether.  This practice can yield inaccurate results due to the differences and variations between the test animals and humans that will be buying, using, and consuming these products.
  • An estimated 26 million animals are used every year in the United States for scientific and commercial testing. Animals are used to develop medical treatments, determine the toxicity of medications, check the safety of products destined for human use, and other biomedical, commercial, and health care uses. Research on living animals has been practiced since at least 500 BC.
  • An estimated 26 million animals are used every year in the United States for scientific and commercial testing. [2] Animals are used to develop medical treatments, determine the toxicity of medications, check the safety of products destined for human use, and other biomedical, commercial, and health care uses. Research on living animals has been practiced since at least 500 BC.
  • Aristotle believed that animals lacked intelligence, and so the notions of justice and injustice did not apply to them. Theophrastus, a successor to Aristotle, disagreed, objecting to the vivisection of animals on the grounds that, like humans, they can feel pain, and causing pain to animals was an affront to the gods. [80]
  • AD), whose theories of medicine were influential throughout Europe for fifteen centuries, engaged in the public dissection of animals (including an elephant), which was a popular form of entertainment at the time.
  • Roman physician and philosopher Galen (130-200
  • Galen also engaged in animal vivisection in order to develop theories on human anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. [82] In one of his experiments, he demonstrated that arteries, which were believed by earlier physicians to contain air, actually contained blood.
  • , he demonstrated that arteries, which were believed by earlier physicians to contain air, actually contained
  • Galen believed that animal physiology was very similar to that of human beings, but despite this similarity he had little sympathy for the animals on which he experimented. Galen recommended that his students vivisect animals "without pity or compassion" and warned that the "unpleasing expression of the ape when it is being vivisected" was to be expected. [8
  • English Physician William Harvey (1578-1657) discovered that the heart, and not the lungs, circulated blood throughout the body as a result of his experiments on living animals. [84, 85]
  • In 1959
  • Since as early as 1948, animals have been used by the US space program for testing such aspects of space travel as the effects of prolonged weightlessness. After several monkeys died in unmanned space flights carried out during the 1940s, the first monkey to survive a space flight was a monkey named Yorick, recovered alive from an Aerobee missile flight on Sep. 20, 1951. [7] The first living creature to orbit the Earth was Laika, a stray dog sent into space on the Soviet spacecraft Sputnik 2 in Nov. 1957.
  • Congress ordered the Pentagon to present a written plan to phase out live tissue training. The US Coast Guard, however, which was at the center of a 2012 scandal involving videotaped footage of goats being mutilated as part of its live tissue training program, said in May 2013 that the program will continue. [94, 95]
  • In Mar. 2013, the European Union banned the import and sale of cosmetic products that use ingredients tested on animals. Some proponents of animal testing objected, arguing that some animal tests had no non-animal equivalents. A spokesman for the trade association Cosmetics Europe stated it is likely "that consumers in Europe won’t have access to new products because we can’t ensure that some ingredients will be safe without access to suitable and    adequate testing."
  • owth,
  • hampo
  • shampoo, perfume, and other so-called "non
  • companies after June 2014. "Special use cosmetics," including hair regr
  • -special use cosmetics" manufactured by Chinese
  • hair removal, dye and permanent wave products, antiperspirant, and sunscreen, will continue to warrant mandatory animal testing. [
  • Animal tests are more expensive than alternative methods and are a waste of government research dollars.
    • Oriana Zwerdling
      Oriana Zwerdling on 17 Dec 13
       
      Along with animal testing being harmful to animals, animal testing is also harmful to the government reasearch money. The National Institute of Health spends $14 milion out of $31 milion available research dollars, on animals instead of more accurate tests. This money could also be used to aid in treatment instead of testing. It is also much more expensive to test on animals than other ways to test products.
Oriana Zwerdling

The Animal Welfare Act - 0 views

The Animal Welfare Act protects animals from being mistreated in cases of testing and transport, etc. However, the AWA fails to protect the most commonly tested on animals. The AWA is made to cover...

started by Oriana Zwerdling on 17 Dec 13 no follow-up yet
Olivia Marquis

Animal Testing Factsheet - 0 views

www.mediapeta.com/...GTAfactsheets.pdf

testing animal Animal Testing

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  • Olivia Marquis on 17 Dec 13
     
    This factsheet gives information on animal test and the non-animal replacements that can be used in place of those tests.
Olivia Marquis

Alternatives to Animal Testing | Animals Used for Experimentation | The Issues | PETA - 0 views

www.peta.org/...alternatives-animal-testing

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    • Olivia Marquis
      Olivia Marquis on 17 Dec 13
       
      PETA gives many approved alternatives to the practice of aniaml testing, that allow more reliable and accurate results for these tests, such as the in vitro toxicity screening test, the 3-Din vitro human "liver, the MIMIC system, "organs on a chip", and many other experiments that can test can be tested without the use of animals.
Olivia Marquis

Types of Animal Testing - The American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS) - 0 views

www.aavs.org/...Types_of_Animal_Testing.htm

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    • Olivia Marquis
      Olivia Marquis on 17 Dec 13
       
      This practice involves most of the test animals being killed ofr examination at the end of their testing, such as in the Dermal Penetration or Skin Sensitization tests, or dying as a part of the test, such as in the lethal dose test, or LD50. Some animals die during the experiments, as a result of all of the stresss and suffering they have had to endure. These animals do not really even have time to really live before they are killed for an experiment.
talbott

Safety Testing - Science, Medicine, and Animals - NCBI Bookshelf - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...NBK24645

pros benefits testing Animal Testing Animal safety medicine science

shared by talbott on 17 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • Though the number of animals used for cosmetic testing has been greatly reduced, there are still some products like sunscreens, antidandruff shampoos, fluoride-containing toothpastes, and anti-acne creams that cannot be proven safe without the use of animal testing because they contain ingredients that cause a chemical change in the body that could potentially be harmful. Without these safety tests, it would be impossible to ensure that these products are safe for your use.
    • talbott
      talbott on 17 Dec 13
       
      This collection of studies conducted by the National Institute of Health explains the slight reduction in the use of animal testing in the cosmetics business, but explains the necessity for the testing of medical products as they directly affect the human body and so tend to have stronger side-effects. In conclusion, as this reliable source states, the testing of animals not only benefits research but is crucial to the safety of the public, who use the products being tested.
  • In 1933, more than a dozen women were blinded and one woman died from using a permanent mascara called Lash Lure. Lash Lure contained p-phenylenediamine, an untested chemical. At the time, there were no regulations to ensure the safety of products. The p-phenylenediamine caused horrific blisters, abscesses, and ulcers on the face, eyelids, and eyes of Lash Lure users, and it led to blindness for some. In one case, the ulcers were so severe that a woman developed a bacterial infection and died.
    • talbott
      talbott on 17 Dec 13
       
      This data simply reinforces the fact that product tests on live organisms are necessary for the safety of the people. People literally died because the products were not properly tested. Given the choice most logical people would choose to test on animals over letting consumers be harmed or killed by unsafe products. When it comes down to it, to most people a human life is more important than an animals'. However this is not to say subjects will even be harmed, to put it simply, just because mice and humans are both carbon-based lifeforms, that does not make us mice.
talbott

Animal Research Benefits: | Americans for Medical Progress - 0 views

www.amprogress.org/animal-research-benefits

misconceptions Animal Testing Animal testing benefits pros diseases research

shared by talbott on 12 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • But now, thanks in large part to animal-based research, there is a new molecular and genetic understanding of tumor biology, leading to treatments that set out to more directly kill cancer cells
  • Animal research was essential for the development of Herceptin and Tamoxifen, two medicines that have saved the lives of thousands of women and men with breast cancer.
  • A discovery that a combined protein caused leukemia in mice led to the development of Gleevec, the first molecularly targeted drug against cancer.
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  • In animal studies, this family of proteins has revived dormant brain cells, caused them to produce dopamine, and prompted dramatic improvement of symptoms. Human trials are now underway.
  • Research involving animal models continues to improve treatments for chronic complications including blindness, kidney disease, heart disease and stroke.
  • Scientists are continuing their work with animals to gain a better understanding of mother-to-infant HIV transmission.
  • Studies with animals determined that folic acid, a B vitamin, helps prevent serious birth defects of the brain and spinal cord when taken before conception and early in pregnancy.
  • Animal models are used for exploring repair and recovery of the spinal cord.
    • talbott
      talbott on 16 Dec 13
       
      I found from this source that there is indeed a great deal of medical benefits to the testing of animals in the areas of: cancer, AIDS, heart disease, diabetes, Parkinson's, etc. These breakthroughs in the medical world have amazing results that save the lives of people impacted by these serious diseases. The lives of our ill citizens are of the utmost importance so testing on animals is a necessary to speed the advancement of modern medical technology.
  • Despite claims by animal rights activists, it is undeniable that animal-based research has contributed to significant improvement in the length and quality of our lives. Following are just a few specific cases in which the use of laboratory animals has been a vital component of medical progress. Indeed, wherever one might stand on the issue, we all benefit from the use of laboratory animals in biomedical research!
  • Jack O'Grady on 12 Dec 13
     
    Great source full of credible examples of ways animal researching is and still can benefit people.
Jack O'Grady

Pros and Cons - Medicinal Animal Experimentation: Pointless Cruelty or Necessary Evil - 0 views

medicinalanimalexperimentationpointlesscrueltyornecessaryevil.weebly.com/pros-and-cons.html

pros cons medicinal animal necessary benefits testing misconceptions reasons ethics Animal Testing understanding

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  • “We have all benefited immensely from scientific research involving animals. From antibiotics and insulin to blood transfusions and treatments for cancer or HIV, virtually every medical achievement in the past century has depended directly or indirectly on research on animals.”       
  • Animal testing is also important to test drugs and medications used for both humans and animals.
  • Were animal research to be banned, almost all medical advancement would halt because alternative methods are not yet advanced enough to work as accurately and quickly as animal testing
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  • Some diseases/medical conditions have even been completely wiped out because of advancements developed from experiments on animals.
  • 93% of tests either have no pain involved or pain that is relieved by anesthetics
  • Jack O'Grady on 16 Dec 13
     
    good sitelisting both sides of arguement
Jack O'Grady

CBBC Newsround | SCIENCE DEBATES | Animal testing - 0 views

news.bbc.co.uk/...2173934.stm

science debates animal testing benefits pros research ethics reasons understanding misconceptions

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  • Laws protect all animals used for testing from cruelty or bad treatment.
  • Millions of animals are killed for food every year - if anything, medical research is a more worthy death.
  • Jack O'Grady on 16 Dec 13
     
    Kind of a childish site I know, but it's published by BBC and has some good points.
talbott

Planet Ivy Article - 0 views

planetivy.net/...ll-benefit-from-animal-testing

PETA dogs protection misconceptions cats rats

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  • Over 97% of the 4 million animals used in the UK are either mice, rats, birds or fish. Contrary to their frequent appearance on placards, cats, dogs and primates together account for less than 0.2% of research. Animals can only be used where there is no non-animal alternative. Are these animals as free to roam as they are in the wild? No. Are they free from starvation, predation and the environment? Yes.
    • talbott
      talbott on 12 Dec 13
       
      This is an example of organizations like PETA embellishing only a small portion of animal testing. The hard numbers disprove the emotions that obstruct the reality of the situation. Animals in most test facilities are handled as an owner would treat a pet of the same species. If the organizations were mistreating their subjects they would be dealt with accordingly.
    • talbott
      talbott on 13 Dec 13
       
      This info is also valuable and does state the most fundamental aspects of animal testing and its necessity to research and safety with our modern products. The truth is, we can go so far with artificial test subjects and it is useful. Tests on animals accomplish more because they are living, breathing subjects. It is the closest we can get to testing on humans, it is illogical to think human testing will ever be implemented if some people see animal testing inhumane. It is a necessity for the safety of the public when testing new drugs or products before humans begin using it, as it may have unseen harmful effects.
Olivia Marquis

Types of Animal Testing - The American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS) - 0 views

www.aavs.org/...Types_of_Animal_Testing.htm

Animal Testing animal

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  • Eye Irritancy
  • John H. Draize, Ph.D., a scientist at the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), developed the Draize eye test in 1944 to assess eye irritation caused by various chemicals.
  • The Draize eye test has been criticized for several reasons. The structure of the cornea of the eye of a rabbit differs significantly from that of a human. Rabbits also produce a smaller volume of tears than humans, allowing chemicals and other irritants placed in rabbit eyes to linger longer and cause more irritation. Not only does this make the Draize eye test unreliable, but it also adds to the immense suffering caused by this test. Finally, evaluated damage caused to the eye is highly subjective leading to a great deal of variation in results.
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  • Acute toxicity testing is used to determine the danger of exposure to a chemical by mouth, skin, or inhalation. For decades, acute toxicity testing meant poisoning large numbers of animals in Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) tests, which are conducted until at least one half of the test animals die
  • . The LD50 test is conducted infrequently now as it is being replaced by several new, but still lethal, options.
  • A different toxicity test is the fixed dose method, which does not use death as the endpoint for the experiment; signs of ailments or suffering will usually terminate the experiment. Other tests include the acute toxic class method and the up-and-down procedure, which typically involve the use of a smaller number of animals. However, during these tests, animals will often endure excruciating pain, convulsions, loss of motor function, and/or uncontrollable seizures. The animals are killed ay the end of the test so that a necropsy can be performed to determine internal damage.
  • It is difficult to extrapolate information on human responses to chemicals based on these animal test methods because different species of animals have wide variations in their responses to chemicals.
  • Unlike acute toxicity that looks at the amount of substance required to create toxic effects in one dose, repeated dose toxicity is used to evaluate chronic toxic effects, primarily effects on various organ systems, and to establish a no-observed-effect-level (NOEL).
  • Chronic toxicity testing consists of oral, dermal, and inhalation subacute repeated dose studies (28-day) and subchronic repeated dose studies (90-day) in rodents. Some agencies may also require these tests to be completed in a non-rodent species such as dogs or for longer periods of time. Animals are evaluated during the test period and then killed at the end to look for signs of organ or body system damage.
  • Scaling up the results of repeated dose toxicity tests from small, short-lived animals to humans is difficult and there is great variation in how chemicals are absorbed and metabolized by different species.
  • Types of Animal Testing
    • Olivia Marquis
      Olivia Marquis on 16 Dec 13
       
      This source discusses the development of different types of animal testing, including eye irritancy, skin corrosivity, acutetoxicity, dermal penetration, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity, Pharmacokinetics/Toxicokinetics and Metabolism, repeated dose toxicity, neurotoxicity, ecotoxicity, pyrogenicity, and skin sensitization. Many of these tests involve poisoning these animals and then killing them to see the results. These tests are often used for product testing for varoius organizations, but can fail due to differences between animal and human reactions to the products.
  • Olivia Marquis on 13 Dec 13
     
    Thsi source discusses the development of different types of animal testing, including eye irritancy, skin corrosivity, acutetoxicity, and skin sensitization. Gives names, dates and facts and how they affected the practice.
  • Olivia Marquis on 16 Dec 13
     
    Thsi source discusses the development of different types of animal testing, including eye irritancy, skin corrosivity, acutetoxicity, and skin sensitization. Gives names, dates and facts and how they affected the practice.
Oriana Zwerdling

Animal Experiments: Overview | Animals Used for Experimentation Factsheets | Animals Us... - 0 views

www.peta.org/...animal-experiments-overview

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    • Oriana Zwerdling
      Oriana Zwerdling on 16 Dec 13
       
      The fact that more than 100 million animals a year are killed in the U.S. for testing, biology, medical training, and experiments, is incredibly wrong. This number is not only excessively large, but it shows the incredible harm that testing and experiments causes. Animal testing is definitely not benevolent. In fact, the number is very likely even more than 100 million because mice and rats are often not counted because they are not included in the Animal Welfare Act.
  • Each year, more than 100 million animals—including mice, rats, frogs, dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, monkeys, fish, and birds—are killed in U.S. laboratories for biology lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing.
  • United States (2010)(1,2) 1.28 million animals used in experiments (excluding rats, mice, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and agricultural animals used in agricultural experiments), plus an estimated 100 million mice and rats
Jack O'Grady

Pro-Test: standing up for science - 0 views

www.pro-test.org.uk/facts.php

animal testing benefits

shared by Jack O'Grady on 12 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • According to the US-based Foundation for Biomedical Research, 'animal research has played a vital role in virtually every major medical advance of the last century - for both human and veterinary health. From antibiotics to blood transfusions, from dialysis to organ transplantation, from vaccinations to chemotherapy, bypass surgery and joint replacement, practically every present-day protocol for the prevention, treatment, cure and control of disease, pain and suffering is based on knowledge attained through research with lab animals.'
  • concluded that testing on animals is a scientifically sound method, has yielded great results in the past,
  • understanding of the Malaria lifecycle (pigeon), tuberculosis (cow, sheep), Typhus (guinea pig, rat, mouse), and the function of neurons (cat, dog). Vivisection was also crucial in the discovery of anti-blood-clotting drugs for the treatment of haemophilia (cat), penicillin (mouse), open heart surgery and cardiac pacemakers (dog), lithium (rat, guinea pig), treatment for leprosy (armadillo), organ transplantations (dog, sheep, cow, pig), laproscopic surgical techniques (pig), and a drug for AIDS treatment (monkey).
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  • in the past
    • Jack O'Grady
      Jack O'Grady on 12 Dec 13
       
      It's obvious from the examples in this site that animal testing is necessary for many of our medical development. It has helped create cures in the past, such as penicillin and anti-blood clotting drugs for haemophilia. While many animals do die, without these tests millions more humans would have died. It can be said that their death is a worthy sacrifice because it's helping to save so many more.
  • Jack O'Grady on 12 Dec 13
     
    This site has a bunch of benefits of animal testing. There are also some links to more great sources.
Jack O'Grady

Animal Research FAQs | Americans for Medical Progress - 0 views

www.amprogress.org/AnimalResearchFAQ

animal testing misconceptions benefits

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  • there are research veterinarians, husbandry specialists and animal health technicians – people who care deeply for animals – ensuring that animals in research receive the highest quality of care.
  • in the Public Health Service (PHS) Policy, which covers all vertebrate animals in federally-funded research, mandate high-quality nutrition, housing and veterinary care for research animals.  
  • Several research institutions have adoption programs for animals in studies that do not require euthanasia.
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  • but while computers provide terrific resources for researchers all over the world, they do have limitations. For instance, computers are only able to provide information or models of known “phenomena.” Because research consistently seeks answers to unknowns, a computer is unable to simulate how a particular cell might interact or react with a medical compound, or how a complex biological system such as the circulatory system will react to a new drug directed to improve organ function.
  • A single living cell is many times more complex than even the most sophisticated computer program.
  • Studies using isolated cells or tissues almost always precede animal-based research, but researchers must study whole living systems to understand the effectiveness of treatments and, their potential benefits and dangers.
  • Almost every discovery (antibiotics, anesthetics, surgical techniques, imaging modalities, etc.) developed through studies with animals also has a positive effect on veterinary medicine.   
  • The law requires that all new chemical compounds be screened for safety using a living system.
    • Jack O'Grady
      Jack O'Grady on 12 Dec 13
       
      This source makes it very clear that people have many misconceptions about Animal Testing. All animals are protected under the Public Health Service and are treated with as much care as is available. While there are downsides it's obvious we have to pay the price for cures and medicines that also directly benfit other animals. And the many alternatives people try to use often have serious limitations. How can we know if a drug works if we haven't tested it on a living organism without risking human life?
  • Jack O'Grady on 12 Dec 13
     
    This is a great source supporting Animal Testing.
Jack O'Grady

Animal Research: The Ethics of Animal Experimentation « HOPES - 0 views

www.stanford.edu/...animal-research

animal research ethics testing benefits

shared by Jack O'Grady on 13 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • reduce animal use as far as possible in any given study. Extensive literature searches, for instance, can ensure that experiments are not unnecessarily replicated and can ensure that animal models are only used to obtain information not already available in the scientific community.
  • ensure that studies are conducted according to the highest standards and that all information collected will be useable.
  • minimize the number of animals required for statistically significant results.
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  • reducing pain and suffering as much as possible
  • Jack O'Grady on 13 Dec 13
     
    A source describing both arguements for and against animal testing.
Jack O'Grady

The Ethics of Animal Experimentation - John Dewey - The Atlantic - 1 views

www.theatlantic.com/...305429

ethics animal testing benefits misconceptions research pros

shared by Jack O'Grady on 13 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • Scientific men are under definite obligation to experiment upon animals so far as that is the alternative to random and possibly harmful experimentation upon human beings, and so far as such experimentation is a means of saving human life and of increasing human vigor and efficiency.
  • The community at large is under definite obligations to see to it that physicians and scientific men are not needlessly hampered in carrying on the inquiries necessary for an adequate performance of their important social office of sustaining human life and vigor.
  • Such experimentation is more than a right; it is a duty. When men have devoted themselves to the promotion of human health and vigor, they are under an obligation, no less binding because tacit, to avail themselves of all the resources which will secure a more effective performance of their high office.
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  • The person who is ill not merely suffers pain but is rendered unfit to meet his ordinary social responsibilities
  • The moral suffering thus caused is something that has no counterpart anywhere in the life of animals, whose joys and sufferings remain upon a physical plane.
  • It is constantly assumed that the object of animal experimentation is a selfish willingness to inflict physical pain upon others simply to save physical pain to ourselves.
  • ethical basis of the agitation against it is due to ignoring these considerations.
  • Instead of being the question of animal physical pain against human physical pain, it is the question of a certain amount of physical suffering to animals—reduced in extent to a minimum by the precautions of anæsthesia, asepsis, and skill—against the bonds and relations which hold people together in society, against the conditions of social vigor and vitality, against the deepest of shocks and interferences to human love and service.
  • To prefer the claims of the physical sensations of animals to the prevention of death and the cure of disease—probably the greatest sources of poverty, distress, and inefficiency, and certainly the greatest sources of moral suffering—does not rise even to the level of sentimentalism.
  • "To cure disease and prevent death is to promote the fundamental conditions of social welfare."
  • Jack O'Grady on 13 Dec 13
     
    Another good site laying out the moral principles of animal testing.
Jack O'Grady

Forty reasons why we need animals in research | Understanding Animal Research - 0 views

www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/...hy-we-need-animals-in-research

reasons animals research understanding misconceptions pros

shared by Jack O'Grady on 13 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • Nearly every Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine since 1901 has relied on animal data for their research.
  • We share 95% of our genes with a mouse, making them an effective model for the human body.
  • Thanks to animal research, primarily in mice, cancer survival rates have continued to rise.
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  • Thanks to research on animals leading to the development of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapies (HAART), AIDS is no longer the death sentence it was 30 years ago.
  • , by testing it on mice, discovered how penicillin could be used to fight infections inside the body.
  • Animal research has helped develop modern vaccines including those against Polio, TB, Meningitis and, recently, the human papillomavirus (HPV) which has been linked to cervical cancer.
  • The 450,000 people in the UK suffering from Type I diabetes rely on Insulin – which was developed through experiments in rabbits and dogs.
  • Household cats kill approximately 5 million animals every week – more than the total number of animals used in medical research every year.
  • animals
  • Ethics committees exist to ensure that the potential benefits of research outweigh any suffering to the animals. Animal welfare is underpinned by the 3Rs – there is a legal requirement to replace animals with alternatives, refine experimental techniques and reduce the numbers of animals used in research.
  • “Americans are living longer, healthier lives and we owe much of that success to biomedical research
  • “Animal research and testing has played a part in almost every medical breakthrough of the last century. It has saved hundreds of millions of lives worldwide..
  • Jack O'Grady on 13 Dec 13
     
    Great support for animal testing. It continues to help find cures for deadly disease and without it many leaps forward in medicine would never have been made.
Jack O'Grady

U of M: IACUC: Medical Advances through Animal Research - 1 views

cflegacy.research.umn.edu/...medadvances.cfm

medical advances animal research misconceptions benefits pros reasons

shared by Jack O'Grady on 13 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • Jack O'Grady on 13 Dec 13
     
    This is just a sample of medical breakthroughs due to animal testing. These breakthroughs have saved millions of lives and continue to today. It's undertsandable that animal research can be harmful to animals but it can be tweaked to be more animal-friendly but most certainly we cannot just get rid of it.
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