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Roman Acculturation of Indigenous Customs in Western Europe

Roman Imperialism and Runic Literacy : The Westernization of Northern Europe (150-800 AD)

Introduction: The political 'fall' of the Roman Empire (from 410 C.E.) has long been regarded as one of the pivotal events in world history. Ever since Edward Gibbon completed his History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire in 1788, there has been considerable debate on the causes for this 'event'. It must be stressed, first, that though there was a real decline of the political power and unity of the Western Roman Empire, the cultural heritage of the empire would persist in the West through the middle ages and in an altered form into the modern period. The eastern portion of the empire continued as the relatively Byzantine Empire, which was eventually conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 C.E.. Second, it is wiser to speak of causes rather than any single cause; a series of interlocked conditions and their effects led to a radical change in the political condition of Europe during the 5th century. As noted by Michael Grant:

Swaying palms, white-sand beaches and sparkling water with the sweet smell of sand and bougainvillea, doesn't it just sound heavenly? Goa, is this glorious slice of India that has a lot of these balmy beaches hugging the western coast bounded by the Arabian Sea. This is not just India's but one of the world's favourite tourist destinations.