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On May 22, 1856, Brooks beat Senator Charles Sumner with his Gutta-percha wood walking cane in the Senate chamber because of a speech Sumner had made three days earlier, for singling out Brooks' relative, Andrew Butler.

Fugitive slave laws

The fugitive slave laws were laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from one state into another or into a public territory.

Dred Scott

Dred Scott (1799 – September 17, 1858), was a slave in the United States who sued unsuccessfully in St. Louis, Missouri for his freedom in the infamous Dred Scott v. Sandford case of 1857.

His case was based on the fact that he and his wife Harriet Scott were slaves

Fort Dix

During the rally, a caravan of cars containing Klansmen and members of the American Nazi Party drove by the housing projects. After being heckled by Klansmen, several marchers began to attack the Klansmens' cars with sticks. A standoff ended in a scuffle, whereupon Klansmen and Nazis left their cars and wildly fired into the crowd with shotguns, rifles and pistols. Cauce, Waller, and Sampson were killed at the scene. Smith was shot between the eyes when she peeked from her hiding place. Eleven others were wounded. One of them, Dr. Nathan, later died from his wounds.[3] Much of the armed confrontation was filmed by four local news camera crews.