Aging report

With origins in the Cold War, the International Space Station represents a union of several space station projects from various nations.

As a multinational project, the legal and financial aspects of the ISS are complex. Issues of concern include the ownership of modules, station utilisation by participating nations, and responsibilities for station resupply. The main legal document establishing obligations and rights between the ISS partners is the Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA).

The most cited figure of an overall cost estimate for the ISS ranges from 35 billion to 100 billion USD.[73] ESA, the only agency actually stating potential overall costs, estimates €100 billion for the entire station over a period of 30 years.

In March 1966, NASA told Congress the "run-out cost" of the Apollo program to put men on the moon would be an estimated $22.718 Billion for the 13-year program which eventually accomplished six successful missions between July 1969 and December 1972. According to Steve Garber, the NASA History website curator, the final cost of project Apollo was between $20 and $25.4 billion in 1969 dollars (or approximately $135 billion in 2005 dollars). The costs associated with the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn rockets amounted to about $83 billion [Apollo spacecraft: $28 billion (Command/Service Module: $17 billion; Lunar Module: $11-billion), Saturn I, Saturn IB, Saturn V launch vehicles: about $46 billion] in 2005 dollars.

Similarly, many people could fund the answer to an important piece of scientific research if they so desired. Biotechnology is cheap nowadays, and only getting cheaper as time advances. The range of $5-20,000 will buy you a postgrad who knows what he's doing and lab access for long enough to answer an interesting question or produce a proof of principle - roughly the same as "is this worth chasing any further?" Can you use lasers to destroy lipofuscin inside cells, for example

The web of relationships, technology, and eager passage of information that enables a dynamic start-up culture is lacking for early stage research. A yawning gulf separates research communities from the many purses that might be opened were the connection made. People donate to research via intermediary organizations with broad goals because there is no readily available, widely understood way to do anything else.

Stephen Coles, M.D., Ph.D., is the Director and a co-founder of the Gerontology Research Group in Los Angeles. He is a stem-cell researcher in the Department of Surgery at the UCLA Geffen School of Medicine. In addition, he has organized a lecture series in gerontology for the past 12 years.

Dr. Steven Kaye, M.D., and I co-founded the GRG during the spring of 1990. We met once a month for about six months in each other’s homes and along the way wrote a Charter, or Mission Statement, for the group, describing what we wanted to see done in our lifetimes in the field of Anti-Aging Medicine.

in January of 1991, was our first formal lecture, and since then we have had at least one lecture per month for the past 12 years (including Summers) — 154 lectures and still going strong! In retrospect, our presenters have included world-famous researchers in gerontology. We videotaped each lecture and now have an extensive library of VHS tapes.