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These are programs that might not otherwise be supported by the NIH ICs because of their scope or because they are inherently risky. Roadmap Programs are expected to have exceptionally high potential to transform the manner in which biomedical research is conducted. They are also expected to be short term, 5–10 year programs. This “incubator space” time frame is intended to allow the major roadblocks that were defined for each program to be overcome, thereby stimulating further research conducted through the ICs.

In 1994, $32.9 billion went into biomedical research, with federal and state government providing $14.6 billion -- $10.3 billion from NIH alone -- and $17.1 billion from private sector funds, including pharmaceutical companies and charities. Another $500 million is provided by private foundations, with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute offering $258 million.