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The Southern Indian Ocean is a major reservoir for rapid carbon exchange with the atmosphere, plays a key role in the world's carbon cycle. To understand the importance of anthropogenic CO2 uptake in the Southern Indian Ocean, a variety of methods have been used to quantify the magnitude of the CO2 flux between air and sea. The basic approach is based on the bulk formula-the air-sea CO2 flux is commonly calculated by the difference in the CO2 partial pressure between the ocean and the atmosphere, the gas transfer velocity, the surface wind speed, and the CO2 solubility in seawater. However, relying solely on wind speed to measure the gas transfer velocity at the sea surface increases the uncertainty of CO2 flux estimation. Recent studies have shown that the generation and breaking of ocean waves also significantly affect the gas transfer process at the air-sea interface. In this study, we highlight the impact of windseas on the process of air-sea CO2 exchange and address its important role in CO2 uptake in the Southern Indian Ocean. We run the WAVEWATCH III model to simulate surface waves in this region over the period from January 1st 2002 to December 31st 2021. Then, we use the spectral partitioning method to isolate windseas and swells from total wave fields. Finally, we calculate the CO2 flux based on the new semiempirical equation for gas transfer velocity considering only windseas. We found that after considering windseas' impact, the seasonal mean zonal flux (mmol/m2·d) increased approximately 10%-20% compared with that calculated solely on wind speed in all seasons. Evolution of air-sea net carbon flux (PgC) increased around 5.87%-32.12% in the latest 5 years with the most significant seasonal improvement appeared in summer. Long-term trend analysis also indicated that the CO2 absorption capacity of the whole Southern Indian Ocean gradually increased during the past 20 years. These findings extend the understanding of the roles of the Southern Indian Ocea

Tesco, Sainsbury's, Asda, M&S, Morrisons and Co-op join major seafood brands and WWF in campaign to stop Indian Ocean fish stocks collapsing

Tesco, Sainsbury's, Asda, M&S, Morrisons and Co-op join major seafood brands and WWF in campaign to stop Indian Ocean fish stocks collapsing

The Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) is an ideal region to explore the variability and controlling mechanisms of the seawater carbonate system and their potential influence on global climate change due to the distinctive environmental features, while studies in the EIO is far from sufficient. The spatiotemporal distributions of pH, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), alkalinity (Alk), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) were investigated in the EIO during autumn 2020 and spring 2021. The respective quantitative contributions of different controlling processes to DIC were further delineated. Significant seasonal variations were observed in the study area. Overall, the surface pH was lower and DIC, Alk, and pCO2 were higher during spring 2021 than during autumn 2020. The pH generally decreased from east to west during autumn 2020, whereas it decreased from north to south during spring 2021. The low values of DIC and Alk that were detected in the Bay of Bengal in these two seasons were mainly attributed to the influence of river inputs. Coastal upwelling during monsoon periods led to higher pCO2 and DIC values near Sumatra and Sri Lanka during spring 2021. The relationships of carbonate system parameters with different types of nutrients and different sized chlorophyll-a in the two seasons indicated the shifts of nutrients utilized by the phytoplankton, and phytoplankton species dominated the carbonate system variabilities. In vertical profiles, carbonate system parameters showed strong correlations with other physical and biogeochemical parameters, and these correlations were more robust during spring 2021 than during autumn 2020. The average sea-air flux of CO2 was 10.00 mmol m−2 d−1 during autumn 2020 and was 16.00 mmol m−2 d−1 during spring 2021, which revealed that the EIO served as a CO2 source during the study period. In addition, the separation of different controlling processes of DIC indicated stronger mixing processes, less CaCO3 precipitation, m

Shark Bay seagrass carbon storage hotspot suffers alarming losses after a devastating marine heat wave, according to a study led by ICTA-UAB researchers. The loss of seagrass would have released up to nine million metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere.

Dimethyl sulfur compounds including dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), play a crucial part in global sulfur cycling. The eastern Indian Ocean (EIO), characterized by its remarkable diversity of biomes and climate dynamics, is integral to global climate regulation. However, the regulation mechanism of DMS (P, O) in the EIO remains to be elucidated in detail. This paper presented a field survey aimed at investigating the spatial distribution of DMS (P, O) and their relationships with environmental and biological factors in the EIO. The surface concentrations of DMS, DMSPt, and DMSOt varied from 0.07 to 7.37 nmol/L, 0.14 to 9.17 nmol/L, and 0.15 to 3.32 nmol/L, respectively, and their distributions are attributed to high Chl-a concentration near Sri Lanka and the influence of ocean currents (Wyrtki jets, Bay of Bengal runoff). Higher concentrations of DMS (P) and DMSOt were predominantly observed in water columns shallower than 75m and deeper than 75m deep, respectively. The monthly DMS fluxes in the study area peaked in August. Temperature and Dissolved Silica Index (DSI) were the key environmental determinants for DMS distribution, while nitrate (NO3-) was the primary factor for both DMSPt and DMSOt. In terms of biological factors, Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus were significant contributors to DMS (P, O) dynamics. Synechococcus was the dominant influence on the DMS source and DMSPt sink, whereas Prochlorococcus primarily consumed DMSOt. Furthermore, the structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed the relationship between DMS, DMSPt, DMSOt, and the key environmental/biological factors, as well as among them, and together they formed a co-regulatory network in the EIO. This contributes significantly to the advancement of global ecosystem models for DMS (P, O).

Piracy could spread to Mozambique.

Royal Navy appoints first female warship commander.

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