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Marenne M

HPGCL starts process of slimming power generation bills - Economic Times - 0 views

articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/...forced-outages-chief-engineers

production cost

shared by Marenne M on 18 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • improve efficiency of its thermal power stations and bring down cost of generation.
  • power distribution utilities in the state were turning to non-state players due to the high variable cost.
  • ring down the cost of generation at Panipat, Hisar and Yamunanagar.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • analyse performance parameters, cost, heat rate, efficiency and safety at the plants every month.
  • Marenne M on 18 Jan 14
     
    This article describes how the Haryana Power Generation Corporation Ltd (HPGCL) is trying to bring down the cost of generation after an increase of competition due to the electricity act of 2003. Power Distribution companies in the state are turning to non-state generators due to the high variable costs of HPGCL. They are now trying to bring down these costs by more closely monitoring the heat rate, the efficiency and the cost.
  • Marenne M on 18 Jan 14
     
    This article describes how the Haryana Power Generation Corporation Ltd (HPGCL) is trying to bring down the cost of generation after an increase of competition due to the electricity act of 2003. Power Distribution companies in the state are turning to non-state generators due to the high variable costs of HPGCL. They are now trying to bring down these costs by more closely monitoring the heat rate, the efficiency and the cost.
Marenne M

True Costs of So-called Cheap Food | Ellen Gustafson - 0 views

www.huffingtonpost.com/...lled-cheap-food_b_4337423.html

'externalities of production'

shared by Marenne M on 26 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • when you look at the prices of so-called "conventional" junk food compared with local, organic fruits and veggies, on a calorie per dollar basis, the junk often wins.
  • Many people assume that it's the produce or organic foods that "cost more" than highly processed, shelf-stable ubiquitous and cheap junk food, but what if the price tags that we see don't tell the whole story?
  • hich requires acres of corn fields, seeds, gallons of water, gas for heavy machinery, pounds of fertilizer and sprays of pesticides, and government subsidies.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • give them antibiotics, deal with their waste, transport them to slaughter, power the slaughter facility, refrigerate the ground meat and then cook it
  • processed wheat bun and condiments.
  • so efficient that all of those costs amortize over tons of ground beef and fixings to make a really cheap burger, or are there parts of that whole list of "costs" that don't actually show up in the price of our fast food burgers?
  • Examples of costs not currently factored into our food supply include the environmental outcomes of chemically-intensive and petroleum-intensive agriculture, costs for soil erosion, real water and irrigation costs, pesticide and waste runoff that creates dead zones in our waterways (like the "New Jersey-sized dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico" that stems from nitrogen runoff from our Corn Belt) and then affects the livelihoods of fishermen and shrimp farmers in the Gulf region.
  • Hidden health costs like our global obesity epidemic and the food-related public health issues of heart disease, diabetes, and cancer are certainly not included in the cost of your fast food meal.
  • unpaid externalities like low wages for food workers that often mean government subsidies like food assistance, which is what over 50 percent of fast food worker families are getting
  • "value" and "low prices" of cheap food that we see at the cash register, are not the whole story
  • We are paying today in our health and our taxes and our children
  • will be paying tomorrow with a degraded environment, dirty water, decimated communities and jobs, and denigrated health.
  • Marenne M on 26 Nov 13
     
    This article describes how processed food and fast food have many negative externalities which in the end makes them cost more than organic foods which are more expensive in the stores. Processed foods may be cheaper than organic food, however the pollution during the process of producing the food, the health problems involved and the low wages which are unpaid for are all consequences which in the end will make these foods cost more.
Haydn W

Coal India could have helped slash production cost by 12%: Power Companies - The Econom... - 0 views

economictimes.indiatimes.com/...28915293.cms

India Coal Energy Economic Times Production Costs Monopoly

shared by Haydn W on 17 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • KOLKATA: Coal India Ltd could have helped power companies save their production cost by 12%, or 35 paise a unit
  • The state-run monopoly coal supplier on Tuesday declared a dividend of Rs 29 a share.
  • CIL increased coal prices by a minimum 30% for all thermal coal used by power companies over the past three years
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • This enabled the company to increase its cash and bank balance from about Rs 45,000 crore during 2010-11 to Rs 62,000 crore in 2012-13,
  • Most of the additional reserves came from higher prices as production did not rise at the same pace. This fiscal year, the company is likely to miss its target on coal production by about 17 million tonnes and sales by some 15 million tonnes.
  • Power tariffs are regulated by Central and state regulatory commissions, however, coal prices are not. Every increase in coal prices leads to increased power generation costs which need to be passed on to consumers.
  • Haydn W on 17 Jan 14
     
    This article explains how production costs in India could have been cut if Coal India had kept prices lower. The article also tells us that the company has a monopoly on the industry and is state-run which has lead some people to criticise the government. The company has been accused of protecting its own interests by raising prices to cache its bank balance. 
John B

The Chevy Volt's $89,000 production cost: A waste of money? - The Week - 0 views

theweek.com/...oduction-cost-a-waste-of-money

Production cost

shared by John B on 17 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • the environmentally friendly Volt's base price is about $40,000, says Reuters, production costs per vehicle run a stratospheric $89,000 — given the car's pricey lithium-polymer batteries, hybrid gas-electric engine, and next-age electronics. That means GM is losing $49,000 for each Volt it sells.
  • Yes. The Volt will never be profitable: The Volt's high production costs "prove that the innovative plug-in hybrid is impractical and will probably never be more than a niche product,"
  • No. The investment in the Volt will pay off: The Volt represents "a long-term investment" that is helping GM become a car company of the future
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • The Volt demonstrates to consumers that the "reinvented company is capable of producing a high-tech, fuel-efficient car," and the Volt's technology "will almost certainly find its way into" other cars in GM's lineup.
  • John B on 17 Jan 14
     
    This article is about a car made by General Motors. The company have, if we look at this as in the way that the car will never be profitable, made a huge mistake of miscalculating the costs and profits earned from the car. But if we look at it as if the car would be profitable, they might have thought of making a good car that will sell easily. It is a car that is environmental friendly, and this will affect the cars coming up in the same series. It will then be more of a long-run investment.
Jakub B

Exporters shift production to countries with lower energy costs - 0 views

www.ekathimerini.com/...2014_535569

production costs

shared by Jakub B on 20 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Jakub B on 20 Jan 14
     
    The article is about Greek firms that use offshoring to reduce the costs of production. They have been shifting production to countries like Bulgaria in a greater and greater extent. As the producers claim, they can spend only a third of their former costs in countries less developed than Greece.
Pietro AA

Effects of dumping radioactive waste in ocean need more study, scientists say - 1 views

www.tampabay.com/...2157923

radioactive waste externalities negative production energy

shared by Pietro AA on 21 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • Pietro AA on 21 Dec 13
     
    I found this article very interesting because it has to do with externalities and common goods. I think this article may be associated with the article "Trajedy of the Commons" which we read because instead of talking of men's overconsumption of grass lands, it talks about the overcosumption of the ocean's self-purifying system. Generally, when talking about production of electricity through fission power plants, there will be unusable waste that is highly harmful for men and the environment because it emits highly ionizing radiation. But producers of that energy simply throw that waste in the oceans and wash their hands of the problem. The cost of society for that energy is equal to the producer's cost plus the cost for that damage the nuclear waste does. The marginal social cost is greater then the marginal private cost. But since, in a free market, it the private who determines the quantity consumed, there will be too much nuclear electricity produced with respect to society. "too much" means that resources are not optimally allocated and therefore there is a market failure.
Marenne M

Sweet and sour: Sugarcane farmers object over price set by mills - The Express Tribune - 0 views

tribune.com.pk/...object-over-price-set-by-mills

shared by Marenne M on 18 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • bumper crop this year but the government’s delay in setting a minimum selling price has soured their happiness
  • rice at which sugarcane is sold to sugar mills is usually set by the government in consultation with the Kisan Board
  • price floor is to protect the farmers’ interests as their costs are ever-increasing
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • mills have unilaterally declared the buying price to be Rs10 higher than last year’s price per 40 kilogrammes (kg)
  • ugar mills purchase and crush sugarcane without considering the rising cost of the primary sector
  • Farmers, on the other hand, dislike the idea of fixing the price on the basis of price of sugar as sugar mills have other products to earn from whereas the cost for cane growers has almost doubled
  • mill owners are trying to get the maximum benefit for the lowest price from their (the farmers’) hard work
  • Marenne M on 18 Nov 13
     
    This article describes how every year the government places a price floor to ensure the farmers interest as prices increase. This article concerns the fact that the government has not yet set a minimum price for the purchase of the sugarcane. This leads to problems for the farmers, because the mills decide the price of the sugarcane without considering the cost of the farmers.
Zuzanna G

U3O8: Low Capital Costs, Short Term Uranium Production in South America - 0 views

uraniuminvestingnews.com/...oduction-in-south-america.html

production cost

shared by Zuzanna G on 21 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Zuzanna G on 21 Jan 14
     
    This article discusses the opportunities for uranium production in South America.
Amanda Anna G

Air pollution a leading cause of cancer - U.N. agency | Reuters - 0 views

www.reuters.com/...ollution-idUSBRE99G0BB20131017

externalities-of-production

shared by Amanda Anna G on 19 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • The air we breathe is laced with cancer-causing substances and is being officially classified as carcinogenic to humans, the World Health Organization's cancer agency said on Thursday.
  • Air pollution, mostly caused by transport, power generation, industrial or agricultural emissions and residential heating and cooking, is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses including respiratory and heart diseases.
  • Research suggests that exposure levels have risen significantly in some parts of the world, particularly countries with large populations going through rapid industrialization, such as China.
  • Amanda Anna G on 19 Nov 13
     
    This article relates to externalities of production, since air pollution caused by industries and transport emissions is classified to be carcinogenic to humans and raises the risk for illness. The harmful effect the industries make, causes a negative externality upon the third party- the society breathing in polluted air, who indirectly receives an extra cost by the pollution.
  • Zuzanna G on 23 Nov 13
     
    This article states that air pollution is the main cause of cancer. In terms of economics, this means that it is an external cost of production received in consumption - as the process of recovering from cancer is very costly.
Haydn W

Taxing Carbon Is Like Taxing Diamonds | Mary Manning Cleveland - 0 views

www.huffingtonpost.com/...bon-is-like-tax_b_3965170.html

Huffington Post Price Elasticity Fossil Fuels Carbon Emissions Demand Supply

shared by Haydn W on 19 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Taxing Carbon Is Like Taxing Diamonds
  • To reduce carbon emissions, we must tax fossil fuels -- but, say the pundits, we can't do so because the tax would be regressive, clobbering the poor.
  • Imagine that we impose a sales tax on diamonds. Would we worry about the burden on middle-class purchasers of one-fourth-caret engagement rings? What about the part of the tax "passed back" onto the DeBeers Group? Not much sympathy for global monopolists either.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Surprisingly, a carbon tax would operate much like a diamond tax, for reasons both of demand and supply.
  • Demand: The wealthy actually consume a disproportionate amount of carbon. Discussions of a carbon tax usually focus on the price of gasoline. One gallon of gas produces about 17 pounds of CO2. One metric ton is 2,204 pounds. So a $100 tax on a ton of CO2 comes to $0.77 per gallon -- a significant cost to low-income commuters and small truckers.
  • A May 2013 federal study of the Social Cost of Carbon estimated costs of additional CO2 emissions for 2010 to 2050 ranging from $27 to $221 per metric ton in 2050, depending on assumptions.
  • Demand elasticity for oil is low, about 0.5; so a 1 percent increase in oil price would cause a 0.5 percent decrease in consumption. That makes sense, since in the short run, it's hard for people to cut energy consumption, especially if they must drive to work. But, though numbers are hard to come by, elasticity of supply is much, much lower, for two reasons. First, oil production takes decades and billions in capital investment; producers cannot quickly increase or decrease supply. Second, oil producers form an international cartel, an organized mega-monopoly, which holds down production to drive up prices. Since they're already charging what the traffic will bear, they can't much raise prices to cover a tax.
  • As economists long ago figured out, buyers and sellers share a tax in inverse proportion to elasticity. Therefore, if supply elasticity of carbon is, say, 0.1, while demand elasticity is 0.5, the suppliers will pay five times as much of the tax as consumers. That reduces that $0.77 per gallon gas tax to only $0.13. Moreover, precisely because most of the tax falls on suppliers, it will generate plenty of revenue to help those unfortunate long-distance commuters and small truckers, to build more public transportation, to invest in renewable energy, and even to cut super-regressive taxes like the payroll tax.
  • According to Edward Wolff, in 2007, the top 1 percent in the U.S. owned 43 percent of non-home wealth, mostly securities, including of course energy company stocks and bonds. The top 10 percent of wealth holders owned 83 percent.
  • But the very poor don't drive or travel or occupy much space; the rich fly planes, including private jets; drive to low-density suburbs; occupy and heat multiple houses and hotels; and buy lots of stuff. Clearly the rich consume much more carbon per capita than the poor.
  • So we have good news and bad news. Good news: The cost of reducing carbon emissions will fall hardest on the 1 percent, who consume the most energy and own the energy companies. Bad news: Ditto. Expect a fight!
  • Haydn W on 19 Oct 13
     
    This article talks about the economic implications of imposing a tax on carbon emissions and how this would affect the different social classes of society in different ways. The article makes specific reference to economic theory and the elements on elasticity.
  • Jakub B on 20 Oct 13
     
    Taxation almost always decrease the economic surplus and therefore it makes a decline in effectiveness. In this case, the energy companies will be the most affected group.
Mariam P

Robusta coffee going the arabica way,prices fall below cost of production on good crop ... - 0 views

economictimes.indiatimes.com/...25286762.cms

production costs

shared by Mariam P on 18 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Mariam P on 18 Jan 14
     
    This article is about the fall of the price of robusta coffee. The largest producer of robusta coffee, is pushing prices down in the global market.And they believe that the output will increase. As there is an oversupply, the stock is likely to be sold at a discount before the harvest for the next crop begins.
John B

Venezuela businesses brace for more price controls - 0 views

espnsportsgolf.jovenesproponen.org/...-brace-for-more-price-controls

price controls

shared by John B on 16 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Jorge Botti, president of Fedecamaras, said the Law for Fair Costs and Prices will spook investors looking for wider profit margins and cause shortages of basic goods because makers of numerous products will likely scale back production.
  • He said sweeping price regulations applied to goods and services in every area of Venezuela’s economy will inevitably hurt businesses already struggling with socialist-orientated policies established by President Hugo Chavez.
  • While price controls already exist for some basic foods such as cooking oil and rice, the law taking effect Tuesday will extend them to a wider range of goods and give the government more enforcement authority.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Officials will initially focus on setting price controls for food, personal hygiene and home cleaning products, construction materials, automobile parts, medicines and health care services before moving on to other areas of the economy, Granadillo said.
  • Luis Vicente Leon, director of the Venezuelan polling firm Datanalisis, which tracks the availability of basic goods and consumer prices, predicted the law won’t tame inflation and cause shortages of some goods.
  • John B on 16 Nov 13
     
    This article is about trying to bring down the inflation by imposing price controls for food, personal hygiene, home cleaning products, construction materials, automobile parts, medicines and health care services. I personally did not like this article since there were very little explanation of why things would occur. It was just stated one person thinks this will be a good idea, and another person thinks it is a bad idea. Nothing about why they think so.
Daniel B

Rising costs of production of coffee - 0 views

www.economist.com/...-few-drinkers-brewed-awakening

production costs

shared by Daniel B on 20 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Daniel B on 20 Jan 14
     
    Farmers started to invest but also they were forced to decrease the price of their product. It means that they receive smaller and smaller revenue what leads to unbeneficial situation of running own business on coffee market.
Amanda Anna G

Merging firm identified | BusinessWorld Online - 0 views

www.bworldonline.com/content.php

production-costs

shared by Amanda Anna G on 16 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • NEXTSTAGE, Inc. is set to merge with a local vodka firm, the listed company said
  • RAISING VALUE It said implementation of the merger, seen to take place within this quarter, should help lift NextStage’s overall value
  • “The merger of NextStage and VuQo would provide a platform to raise capital to achieve the objectives of the business to create a high-potential export product from the Philippines for the world market,
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • NextStage said that, on VuQo’s part, “[t]his opportunity reinforces VuQo’s business portfolio and solidifies positive strategic synergy that will create and promote more business opportunities geared towards increasing overall value of VuQo.”
  • Amanda Anna G on 16 Jan 14
     
    This article is about when a large firm- NextStage decides to merge with another firm. The merger should help lift the firm's value. The firm and the other firm- VuQo would provide a platform to raise capital and then be able to create a high-potential export product from the Philippines. Also, the merge will benefit for VuQo's part since it brings positive strategic synergy that will create more business opportunities and hence might increase the value of VuQo.
Yassine G

Price Controls Cause Chaos in Ethiopian Markets - 0 views

www.voanews.com/...134022.html

price controls demand Supply government

shared by Yassine G on 16 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Yassine G on 16 Nov 13
     
    I choose this article as I found that It demonstrates all the consequences of a price control and from different points of view. In this case, the government set a maximum price. A lot of the citizens were very happy, as they can now afford what they couldn't before, however, with time, they started to realise that the products are disappearing from shelves. The reason is that with the lower price, demand has increased and suppliers can't supply more. The suppliers were affected by this price control too. They are not able to pay their costs any more, and profit made is very little. If the government doesn't take another action to fix what they did, they will have a bigger problem than food being expensive, which is food not exciting due to most groceries closing after not being able to make profits. 
Amanda Anna G

Morocco government raises energy prices to cut subsidies - Yahoo News - 0 views

news.yahoo.com/idies-102303630--business.html

Subsidy

shared by Amanda Anna G on 11 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • RABAT (Reuters) - Morocco's Islamist government raised energy prices on Monday as it began sensitive subsidies reform needed to meet International Monetary Fund (IMF) requirements.
  • Five ministers from the government's junior partner party have resigned in protest over the decision to raise prices.
  • But the move could shake the frail economy of the North African kingdom which relies mostly on tourism, agriculture and remittances from Moroccans living abroad. The government said it would return part of the increase on diesel fuel to professional drivers in the goods and people transport sector to avoid a snowball effect on prices.
  • Amanda Anna G on 11 Nov 13
     
    This article relates to subsidies since the government of Morocco has raised energy prices to save subsidy money that is needed for the International Monetary Fund requirements. Protests have been made from the government's junior partner party over the raise in price of energy. Higher taxes for energy will cause higher price for transportation for tourists and higher costs of production for agriculture. The government though, said they will return parts of the increase of energy prices for professional drivers to avoid a "snowball" effect on prices. But is the raise in price of energy due to the save of subsidy money rational for the country, looking upon the people's use of energy and the agriculture?
Yassine G

BBC News - UK industrial output in surprise fall - 0 views

www.bbc.co.uk/...business-24455710

Production costs Output decrease economy industry short run long

shared by Yassine G on 17 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Yassine G on 17 Jan 14
     
    The article is talking about the overall decrease in output in the UK. According to the article, some industries have been responsible for this, such as the industries of electronics, food and beverages. This hence affected the overall economical situation in the country which also affected the levels of imports and exports. The interesting thing is that even though the production has fallen in the short run, in the long run it was doing okay this demonstrates how we shouldn't judge from the short run situation and that we should take a look the overall result from the long run 
John B

Biz/ed - Price Elasticity | Biz/ed - 0 views

www.bized.co.uk/...2443.htm

price elasticity

shared by John B on 20 Oct 13 - Cached
  • Oil plays a big part in its energy costs - energy accounts for around 30 - 40% of its refining costs and with oil prices having risen it has had a big impact on the company.
  • they are in a competitive market and it is likely that if they increased their prices, people would look elsewhere at rivals products or they would simply put off purchasing the items until a later stage.
  • Recent econometric research into the price elasticity of demand for sugar suggests that it is nearly zero
  • John B on 20 Oct 13
     
    This article is about how the rising oil prices affect the companies that produce sugar. The article tells us that sugar is inelastic because of many factors, for example very few substitutes so by rising the prices of sugar in the market, it does not really affect the demand for it.
Clemente F

Fiat Gains Full Control Of Chrysler In $4.35 Billion - 0 views

www.businessinsider.com/fiat-chrysler-deal-2014-1

Production Cost

shared by Clemente F on 18 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Clemente F on 18 Jan 14
     
    The Fiat S.p.a Italian company after a few years bothe chrysler. There was a merge between the two companies that ended up with Fiat taking full control of Chrysler.
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