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alicia waid

Milgram's Experiment on Obedience to Authority - 4 views

nature.berkeley.edu/...article35.htm

Milgram stanley experiment obedience authority results evil good humans power

shared by alicia waid on 01 May 13 - No Cached
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Excellent site for summary of Milgram's experiment.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Important to note the different kinds of studies that were made. (2 variations talked about.)
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Results: Important to note the 3 different outcomes. State brief explanations of how they're different.
  • ...40 more annotations...
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Milgram expected what the majority of us expected: Teachers to react to the students' suffering and telling the experimenter that he/she cannot continue the experiment.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Important to note the 3 types of results found.  Interesting to see the contrast. 1) Obeyed orders from experimenter, yet blamed everything on the experimenter. 2) Obeyed orders from experimenter, yet blamed self in the end. 3) Stopped during experiment.  (What most people would have expected the highest percentage of results to be, but that is not the case).
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      The "teachers" were happy to see that no harm was done to the "students", however when they were doing the experiment, they continued to use a higher voltage like asked.  Important to note that, although they're happy to see no harm was done, they were willing to do that harm for the experiment (and because the experimenter had asked for them to continue even if they didn't necessarily want to).
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      The whole concept of "Obedience to Authority".  A high percentage of people will do things even if they don't necessarily want to. If someone tells them to do it, they will.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Once put in a position with such power, some people don't know how to use it.  With such power, a person may result in changing completely and doing things they might not have necessarily done before all they've received so much power.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Under the pressure of having someone "superior" to you, tell you to do something, most of the time, you do it even if you don't necessarily want to.  (Example of man being pressured to continue the experiment).
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Basic information of experiment.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      The "student's" sound effects adds depth to the experiment.  When hearing screams and cries, will people really be able to go through with the experiment? We later find out that many do.
  • out of fear or out of a desire to appear cooperative
  • "Teachers" were asked to administer increasingly severe electric shocks to the "learner" when questions were answered incorrectly.
  • illustrates people's reluctance to confront those who abuse power
  • the experiment would study the effects of punishment on learning ability
  • 45-volt shock samples
  • 2.5 percent of participants used the full 450 volts available.
  • grunt at 75 volts; complain at 120 volts; ask to be released at 150 volts; plead with increasing vigor, next; and let out agonized screams at 285 volts.
  • yell loudly and complain of heart pain.
  • actor would refuse to answer any more questions
  • 330 volts the actor would be totally silent
  • 15 to 450 volts
  • hesitated to inflict the shocks, the experimenter would pressure him to proceed
  • Some teachers refused to continue with the shocks early on, despite urging from the experimenter.
  • expected as the norm
  • (65%) of the teachers were willing to progress to the maximum voltage level
  • participants continued to obey
  • he proceeded, repeating to himself, "It’s got to go on, it’s got to go on."
  • visible but teachers were asked to force the learner’s hand to the shock plate so they could deliver the punishment
  • Less obedience was extracted from subjects in this case.
  • teachers were instructed to apply whatever voltage they desired to incorrect answers.
  • treat silence as an incorrect answer and apply the next shock level to the student.
  • averaged 83 volts
  • most participants were good, average people, not evil individuals. They obeyed only under coercion.
  • authority figure was in close proximity
  • teachers felt they could pass on responsibility to others
  • experiments took place under the auspices of a respected organization
  • Obeyed but justified themselves.
  • gave up responsibility for their actions, blaming the experimenter
  • Obeyed but blamed themselves.
  • harsh on themselves
  • Rebelled.
  • was a greater ethical imperative calling for the protection of the learner over the needs of the experimenter.
Dayna Rabin

The Science of Storytelling: Why Telling a Story is the Most Powerful Way to Activate O... - 1 views

lifehacker.com/...ful-way-to-activate-our-brains

Storytelling brain learning story research

shared by Dayna Rabin on 30 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • A good story can make or break a presentation, article, or conversation. But why is that?
  • When Buffer co-founder Leo Widrich
  • are very likely to never forget the story of who invented the sandwich ever again
  • ...42 more annotations...
  • For over 27,000 years
  • stories has been one of our most fundamental communication methods.
  • Our brain on stories: How our brains become more active when we tell stories
  • We all enjoy a good story,
  • why do we feel so much more engaged when we hear a narrative about events?
  • we listen to a powerpoint presentation with boring bullet points, a certain part in the brain gets activated.
  • It's in fact quite simple. I
  • Broca's area and Wernicke's area
  • language processing parts in the brain, where we decode words into meaning.
  • things change dramatically.
  • but any other area in our brain that we would use when experiencing the events of the story are too.
  • how delicious certain foods were, our sensory cortex lights up. If it's about motion, our motor cortex gets active:
  • A story can put your whole brain to work.
  • can have the same effect on them too.
  • The brains of the person telling a story and listening to it can synchronize, says Uri Hasson from Princeton:
  • By simply telling a story, the woman could plant ideas, thoughts and emotions into the listeners' brains."
  • Evolution has wired our brains for storytelling—how to make use of it
  • hy does the format of a story, where events unfold one after the other, have such a profound impact on our learning?
  • We are wired that way.
  • story, if broken down into the simplest form, is a connection of cause and effect.
  • We think in narratives all day long,
  • We make up (short) stories in our heads for every action and conversation.
  • In fact, Jeremy Hsu found [that] "personal stories and gossip make up 65% of our conversations."
  • henever we hear a story, we want to relate it to one of our existing experiences.
  • metaphors work so well with us.
  • While we are busy searching for a similar experience in our brains, we activate a part called insula, which helps us relate to that same experience of pain, joy, or disgust.
  • John Bargh
  • We link up metaphors and literal happenings automatically. Everything in our brain is looking for the cause and effect relationship of something we've previously experienced.
  • ou mention the same story to him, as if it was your idea?
  • According to Uri Hasson from Princeton, a story is the only way to activate parts in the brain so that a listener turns the story into their own idea and experience.
  • tell them a story,
  • According to Princeton researcher Hasson, storytelling is the only way to plant ideas into other people's minds.
  • Write more persuasively—bring in stories from yourself or an expert
  • multitasking is so hard for us.
  • xchanging stories with those of experts.
  • The simple story is more successful than the complicated one
  • easy to convince ourselves that they have to be complex and detailed to be interesting.
  • the simpler a story, the more likely it will stick.
  • Using simple language as well as low complexity is the best way to activate the brain regions that make us truly relate to the happenings of a story.
  • ask for quotes from the top folks in the industry or simply find great passages they had written online.
  • educe the number of adjectives or complicated nouns in a presentation or article
  • Our brain learns to ignore certain overused words and phrases that used to make stories awesome.
Jenn Orleans

Intuitive Thinking and Non-Intuitive Thinking - 2 views

www.problem-solving-techniques.com/Intuitive-Thinking.html

shared by Jenn Orleans on 02 May 13 - No Cached
    • Jenn Orleans
      Jenn Orleans on 02 May 13
       
      intuitive thinking comes naturally
  • Non-intuitive thinking provides some of
  • the best opportunities to learn and grow. Book knowledge is important.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Good intuition comes from years of knowledge and experience that allows you to understand how people and the world works. Many situations are intuitive.
    • Jenn Orleans
      Jenn Orleans on 02 May 13
       
      teaching yourself how to think --> non intuitive thinking 
  • learning the ropes.
  • Keeping an open mind
  • to new data and options is another element of sound critical thinking.
  • Jenn Orleans on 02 May 13
     
    The part that I have to deal with is why we believe the unbelievable and it has a lot to do with the intuitive thinking.  I didn't clearly understand the difference from intuitive and non intuitive thinking and this site makes it clear to me.  This site is valid because it is used as a problem solving site and is powered by an organization. 
Joe Inhaber

Music and the Brain - 0 views

www.cerebromente.org.br/...musica.html

shared by Joe Inhaber on 18 Mar 12 - Cached
  • In general, responses to music are able to be observed. It has been proven that music influences humans both in good and bad ways.
  • usic is thought to link all of the emotional, spiritual, and physical elements of the universe
  • change a person's mood, and has been found to cause like physical responses in many people simultaneously
  • ...12 more annotations...
    • Joe Inhaber
      Joe Inhaber on 18 Mar 12
       
      Mozart is good for you because it relaxes the brain.
  • The power of music to affect memory is quite intriguing. Mozart's music and baroque music, with a 60 beats per minute beat pattern, activate the left and right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action maximizes learning and retention of information. The information being studied activates the left brain while the music activates the right brain. Also, activities which engage both sides of the brain at the same time, such as playing an instrument or singing, causes the brain to be more capable of processing information.
  • strengthen or weaken emotions
  • releases neurons in the brain which help the body to relax.
  • certain types of music such as Mozart's Sonata for Two Piano's in D Major before taking a test
  • average of 119
  • f 111,
  • average of 110
  • Healthy and Not So Healthy Effects
  • studying the effects of the beat of the music. It was found that slow music could slow the heartbeat and the breathing rate as well as bring down blood pressure. Faster music was found to speed up these same body measurements.
  • One cannot deny the power of music.
  • study music have higher grade point averages that those who don't
Daryl Bambic

How To Tap the Power of Your Mind: Four Surprising Stories | Psychology Today - 0 views

www.psychologytoday.com/...r-mind-four-surprising-stories

mind cognitive_power

shared by Daryl Bambic on 06 Jun 11 - No Cached
  • Daryl Bambic on 06 Jun 11
     
    Change your expectations and you will change your experiences.
Daryl Bambic

This Is Your Brain on Metaphors - The New York Times - 1 views

opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/...his-is-your-brain-on-metaphors

metaphor brain sapolsky psychology

shared by Daryl Bambic on 19 Feb 17 - No Cached
  • viscera and emotion often drive our decisionmaking, with conscious cognition mopping up afterward, trying to come up with rationalizations for that gut decision.
  • Get someone to the point where his insula activates at the mention of an entire people, and he’s primed to join the bloodletting.
  • brain confusing reality and literalness with metaphor and symbol can have adverse consequences, the opposite can occur as well.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • This neural confusion about the literal versus the metaphorical gives symbols enormous power, including the power to make peace.
  • “mutual symbolic concessions” of no material benefit will ultimately make all the difference.
  • but when black South Africa embraced rugby and Afrikaans rugby jocks sang the A.N.C. national anthem.
  • He meant talk to their insulas and cingulate cortices and all those other confused brain regions, because that confusion could help make for a better world.
Raghav Mohan

Exercising Benefits - 0 views

www.fi.edu/...exercise.html

brain exercise psychology benefits aging stress development evolving mental physical strength reading walking memory learning cells active lifestyle

shared by Raghav Mohan on 06 Apr 13 - Cached
  • Raghav Mohan on 06 Apr 13
     
    This site is another educational site i discovered during my TFAD assignment. It really digs deep into MANY benefits of exercise. If you are wondering what exercise can do for YOU then this is the site to go to for information. It gives you history, examples, the present. All the basic information.
  • ...4 more comments...
  • Raghav Mohan on 06 Apr 13
     
    *sticky note* Your muscles activate your brain receptors. So knowing that your brain is more active with your muscles, exercising them would be a huge benefit and aid to a better lifestyle
  • Raghav Mohan on 06 Apr 13
     
    *sticky note* Mental exercise for the brain: on an everyday basis our brain is learning a new skill. This uses a lot of power from our brain which requires us EXERCISING our brain physically and mentally ***Example of an exercise you can do whenever you are on the computer: switch the hand you are using to move your mouse. It must feel pretty awkward but it's alright you are exercising movement AND learning a new skill at the same time.
  • Raghav Mohan on 06 Apr 13
     
    *sticky note* If you think sitting behind your computer or TV screen is going to get you smarter... Think again! It really doesn't in fact it affects us in a bad way. Weakens our eyes, and uses so much energy from our brain. Where on the other hand, just walking can benefit us a ton. It helps our blood circulation and the oxygen/glucose that reaches our brain.
  • Raghav Mohan on 06 Apr 13
     
    *sticky note* Exercise improves our memory, helps us remember our studies, wakes up our brain in the morning. Enhances our brain cells, creates higher brain functions. These are just the *few things that exercising does for us. It is quite amazing
  • Raghav Mohan on 06 Apr 13
     
    *sticky note* Exercising also helps our aging process. Exercise fools our brain into thinking we are younger when we begin exercising on a daily basis which could be great for you. Who wouldn't want to feel 40 when they're really 50? I know i would
  • Raghav Mohan on 06 Apr 13
     
    *sticky note* Physical exercise protects our brain as we age, it creates endurance and a motivated/confident mindset which obviously can aid us in a huge way in the future.
Seb Potvin

The Stanford Prison Experiment: A Simulation Study of the Psychology of Imprisonment - 0 views

www.prisonexp.org/14

sleep punishment identity roles power embarassement

shared by Seb Potvin on 06 Apr 13 - Cached
  • At 2:30 A.M. the prisoners were rudely awakened from sleep by blasting whistles for the first of many "counts." The counts served the purpose of familiarizing the prisoners with their numbers (counts took place several times each shift and often at night). But more importantly, these events provided a regular occasion for the guards to exercise control over the prisoners
    • Seb Potvin
      Seb Potvin on 06 Apr 13
       
      Counts where used to show who was in charge and where also a sort of punishment because they had to wake at 2:30 am
Nick Lavoie

Rewiring your brain, with Norman Doidge | COSMOS magazine - 0 views

www.cosmosmagazine.com/...interview-with-norman-doidge

neuroplasticity brain psychology rewiring research

shared by Nick Lavoie on 03 May 13 - No Cached
  • Nick Lavoie on 03 May 13
     
    In this article, it basically is an overview of an interview with Dr. Norman Doidge. I have chosen this site because it publishes real magazine's to the public. This article is written by a professional interviewer and gets good information out of Norman Doidge and all the info is from the man himself.
  • Nick Lavoie on 03 May 13
     
    *note* The brain is easily tricked in certain situations. Dr. Doidge gives an example of a stroke victim who loses power of one arm, and how if they put it in a cast or a sling and tricks the brain into believing that this is the reason it is immobile, then theres a possibility it can be re used.
  • Nick Lavoie on 03 May 13
     
    *note* The further studies of the topic of neuroplasticity is not where close to being completed. Dr. Doidge is going to write another book on the subject, and complete his quest on figuring out all the mysteries behind neuroplasticity.
alicia waid

The Man Who Shocked The World | Psychology Today - 4 views

www.psychologytoday.com/...the-man-who-shocked-the-world

Milgram stanley experiment obedience authority life education man world conformity university

shared by alicia waid on 01 May 13 - No Cached
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Brief summary of Stanley Milgram's life.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Explanation of Stanley Milgram's experiment on Obedience to Authority.
  • try to expose the external social forces that, though subtle, have surprisingly powerful effects on our behavior.
  • ...10 more annotations...
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Under the pressure of having someone "superior" to you, tell you to do something, most of the time, you do it even if you don't necessarily want to. 
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Milgram's experiment left everyone, even today, shocked.  It makes you think who people really are when put in different types of situations, and what kind of a world we live in too.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      More brief information about Milgram's studies and his early life.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      *Dissertation: A long essay on a particular subject, esp. one written as a requirement for the Doctor of Philosophy degree.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Important to note Milgram's interests here.  He shows more and more interest in conformity.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      *Conformity: Behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions or standards.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      More information on Milgram's studies and achievements. 
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Stanley was very interested in the Holocaust: How could people do such horrible things?  Because they were told?  The idea intrigued him which led to experiments.  These experiments consisted of how changing aspects of an experimental situation might alter subjects' willingness to obey.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Milgram's marriage and more information about his life and studies.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Milgram's experiment has opened so many of our eyes'.  Although we knew we have a tendency to obey orders, we did not know to what depth we would go in order to obey those orders.  His experiment has forever enlightened us with a disturbing and harsh truth.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      People, such as the U.S. Army have taken Milgram's experiment and has learnt from it.  The U.S. Army are making sure that anyone who is apart of their leadership team are leaders that will be aware of their authority and also their responsibilities (to make good decisions).
courtney galli

Cult Formation - 0 views

www.rickross.com/...brainwashing1.html

shared by courtney galli on 01 May 13 - No Cached
  • ideological totalism,
  • Cults can be identified by three characteristics: a charismatic leader who increasingly becomes an object of worship as the general principles that may have originally sustained the group lose their power; a process I call coercive persuasion or thought reform; economic, sexual, and other exploitation of group members by the leader and the ruling coterie.
  • milieu control: the control of all communication within a given environment. In such an environment individual autonomy becomes a threat to the group. There is an attempt to manage an individual's inner communication. Milieu control is maintained and expressed by intense group process, continuous psychological pressure, and isolation by geographical distance, unavailability of transportation, or even physical restraint. Often the group creates an increasingly intense sequence of events such as seminars, lectures and encounters which makes leaving extremely difficult, both physically and psychologically.
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • Intense milieu control can contribute to a dramatic change of identity which I call doubling: the formation of a second self which lives side by side with the former one, often for a considerable time. When the milieu control is lifted, elements of the earlier self may be reasserted.
  • Three further aspects of ideological totalism are "sacred science," "loading of the language," and the principle of "doctrine over person."
  • Perhaps the most significant characteristic of totalistic movements is what I ca
  • Sacred science is important because a claim of being scientific is often needed to gain plausibility and influence in the modern age.
  • language
  • The principle of doctrine over person' is invoked when cult members sense a conflict between what they are experiencing and what dogma says they should experience.
  • The term loading the language' refers to literalism and a tendency to deify words or images.
  • l "dispensing of existence." Those who have not seen the light and embraced the truth are wedded to evil, tainted, and therefore in some sense, usually metaphorical, lack the right to exist.
  • That is one reason why a cult member threatened with being cast into outer darkness may experience a fear of extinction or collapse.
    • courtney galli
      courtney galli on 01 May 13
       
      History of the person
  • Totalism should always be considered within a specific historical context.
michelle tappert

Eating Disorder Prevention | Cause of an Eating Disorder | Eating Disorder Causes | Ano... - 0 views

www.something-fishy.org/...what.php

shared by michelle tappert on 01 Apr 12 - Cached
    • michelle tappert
      michelle tappert on 01 Apr 12
       
      This poem is extremely well known and very powerful. It explains how people suffering from eating disorders do no see themselves the way they truly are. They look into a mirror and see something completely different. 
    • michelle tappert
      michelle tappert on 01 Apr 12
       
      the bolded letters above are extremely interesting because usually people blame this disease on one specific thing but in reality it is a mixture of so many different factors. 
Daryl Bambic

The teenage brain | Science News for Students - 1 views

www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/...teenage-brain

brain teenage

shared by Daryl Bambic on 13 Jan 17 - No Cached
  • dopamine.
  • Dopamine levels in general peak during adolescence.
  • increased activity in the ventral striatum
  • ...27 more annotations...
  • prefrontal cortex’s ability to boss the brain increases with age.
  • reward system can outmuscle the master planner.
  • adolescent brain specifically evolved to respond to rewards so teens would leave behind the protection provided by their parents and start exploring their environment — a necessary step toward the independence they will need in adulthood.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 03 Feb 17
       
      Evolutionary reward...the teen phase of development is what has pushed us forward with the new discoveries
  • So that’s why you have parents to act as your prefrontal cortex,” Frank jokes. Then, all too often, he says, “you reach adolescence and you don’t listen to your parents anymore.”
  • brain acts as the sculptor and chops away excess synapses. Scientists refer to this process as synaptic pruning.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 03 Feb 17
       
      Great image of pruning as sculpting
  • If you have ever thought that the choices teenagers make are all about exploring and pushing limits, you are on to something
  • necessary phase in teen development
  • exploratory period.
  • Even laboratory mice experience a similar phase during their development.
  • Young mice that explore most tend to live longest
  • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The scanner relies on a powerful magnet and radio waves to create detailed images of the brains
  • Teens also can play games that require them to make choices,
  • observing and measuring which parts of the teens’ brains are most active
  • During the risk-taking and rewards-based tests, one region deep inside the brain shows more activity in adolescents than it does in children or adults, Crone says. This region, known as the ventral striatum, is often referred to as the “reward center”
  • Adolescents are particularly sensitive and responsive to influence by friends, desires and emotions, researchers say. It’s one of the hallmarks of this stage in life.
  • eel good” response helps explain why they often give in to impulsive desires.
  • to be shouting louder” between the ages of 13 and 17 than at any other time during human development.
  • prefrontal cortex, it’s the brain’s master planner.
  • brain is locked in a tug-of-war between the logical pull of the prefrontal cortex and the impulsive pull of the ventral striatum.
  • toward years of serious risk-taking
  • prefrontal cortex seems to lag in developing. It turns out this delay serves an important evolutionary function,
  • So it’s important that the master planner not be too rigid or restrictive during adolescence. Instead, it stays open to learning.
  • One of the processes involves axons, or fibers that connect nerve cells. From infancy, these fibers allow one nerve cell to talk to another. Throughout the teen years, fatty tissue starts to insulate the axons from interfering signals — it is a bit like the plastic that coats electrical cables.
  • In axons, the insulating tissue allows information to zip back and forth between brain cells much more quickly. It also helps build networks that link the prefrontal cortex with other brain regions, allowing them to work together more efficiently.
  • The second key process involves synapses. A synapse is like a dock between nerve cells. Nerve cells communicate by transmitting chemical and electrical signals. Those signals move through the synapses.
  • brain starts discarding many of these connections
  • So the brain strengthens the synapses it really needs and eliminates those that either slow things down or aren’t useful.
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