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This source explains what turbidity is, the reasons that water would have higher turbidity, and tests for turbidity in water.

Turbid water sources deemed unfit for drinking by individuals in Busia, Kenya, ranged from 10.5 to 87.0 NTU for 10 open water sources (CDC report to IPA, 2006).This site Talks about how nephelometric turbidity units or NTU. it tells you how many NTU is in different water sources. The main thing it talks about is how many NTU is unfit for drinking in 3rd world countries.

Source water may contain turbidity (muddiness), particles, and organic material. Federal and state laws require all surface water systems and systems under the influence of surface water to filter their water. The primary water treatment technology uses filtration techniques. Filtration is the removal of particulates, and thus some contaminants, by water flowing through a porous medium.

This website gives you techniques on ways to filter out turbidity from water through different filtration methods.

For this project, we were not sure if any fabric would work at all for any sort of filtration so we decided that our best bet would be to try as many different types of fabric as possible, both in what material they were made out of and in how the fabric was made (woven, knitted, etc.).