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Soul Book

The Incredible Em & Elastic Layouts with CSS - 0 views

jontangerine.com/...m-and-elastic-layouts-with-css

blog css tools webdesign typography design fonts text layout web framework layouts em elastic

shared by Soul Book on 01 Apr 10 - Cached
  • Elastic design uses em values for all elements. Ems are a relative size, written like this: 1em, 0.5em, 1.5em etc. Ems can be specified to three decimal places like so: 1.063em. “Relative” means: They are calculated based on the font size of the parent element. E.g. If a <div> has a computed font size of 16px then any element inside that layer —a child— inherits the same font size unless it is changed. If the child font size is changed to 0.75em then the computed size would be 0.75 × 16px = 12px. If the user increases (or decreases) text size in their browser, the whole interface stretches (or shrinks.)
  • All popular browsers have a default font size of 16px. Therefore, at the default browser setting, 1em = 16px.
  • The <body> inherits it unless styled otherwise using CSS. Therefore 1em = 16px, 0.5em = 8px, 10em = 160px and so on. We can now specify any element size we need to using ems!
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • However, (gasp) IE has a problem with ems. Resizing text from medium (default) to large in IE5/6 would lead to a huge increase in font size rather than the gradual one expected. So another selector is needed to get IE to behave: html{ font-size:100%; }
  • Let’s give our <body> some more style, and center everything in the viewport (this will be important later for our content wrapper.) Our initial CSS ends up like this: html{ font-size: 100%; } body{ font-size: 1em; font-family: georgia, serif; text-align: center; color: #444; background: #e6e6e6; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
  • 1 ÷ 16 × 740 = 46.25em (1 ÷ parent font-size × required pixel value = em value)
  • While we're here, we might as well add some typographic goodness by selecting a basic leading and adding some vertical rhythm, with everything expressed in ems.
  • Set a 12px font size with 18px line height and margin for paragraphs
  • Dividing the desired line height (18px) by the element font size (12px) gives us the em value for line height. In this example, the line height is 1 and a half times the font size: 1.5em. Add line height and margin properties to the CSS: p{ font-size: 0.750em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 1.5em; } Now the browser will say to itself, “Oh, line height and margin is set to 1.5em, so that should be 1.5 times the font size. What’s the font size, again? 12px? OK, cool, make line height and margin 1.5 times that, so 18px.”
  • To retain our vertical rhythm we want to set an 18px line height and margin. Easy: If the font size is 18px then 18px in ems is 1em! Let’s add the properties to the CSS (and make the font weight light:) h1{ font-size: 1.125em; line-height: 1em; margin: 1em; font-weight: 300; }
  • Jon, good article and very useful chartm but your text sizing method has one major drawback. If elements with font-sizes set in em’s are nested, i.e with lists, these elements inherit the font size. Therefore each child element will be 0.75em (or 75%) of the previous one: See an example here. (Would have posted the code put it was coming out really ugly!) I would recommend against using that method and setting the global font size in the body tag i.e. 'font-size:75%' for 12px. Then only setting different font-sizes where necessary.
  • Thanks Will, interesting point, but that is solved with a simple font-size:1em on the first child. Retaining the default ensures that even images are sized correctly in ems. IE (surprise) will compute incorrectly against a parent length equivalent to 12px. My preference born out by some minor but painful computed size errors in complex layouts is not to adjust the body, and only set font size where necessary for specific elements.
  • Soul Book on 01 Apr 10
     
    A nice and simple explanation of using EMs to make elastic layouts
Herb Tucker

Linux Knowledge Base and Tutorial - 0 views

linux-tutorial.info/modules.php

linux permissions basics tutorials

shared by Herb Tucker on 02 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • The UMASK value masks out the bits. The permissions that each position in the UMASK masks out are the same as the file permissions themselves. So, the left-most position masks out the owner permission, the middle position the group, and the right most masks out all others. If we have UMASK=007, the permissions for owner and group are not touched. However, for others, we have the value 7, which is obtained by setting all bits. Because this is a mask, all bits are unset. (The way I remember this is that the bits are inverted. Where it is set in the UMASK, it will be unset in the permissions, and vice versa.)
  • The problem many people have is that the umask command does not force permissions, but rather limits them
  • Therefore, setting the UMASK=007 does not force creation of executable programs, unless the program creating the file does itself).
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • - - regular file c - character device b - block device d - directory p - named pipe l - symbolic link
  • Lets look at a more complicated example. Assume we have UMASK=047. If our program creates a file with permissions 777, then our UMASK does nothing to the first digit, but masks out the 4 from the second digit, giving us 3. Then, because the last digit of the UMASK is 7, this masks out everything, so the permissions here are 0. As a result, the permissions for the file are 730. However, if the program creates the file with permissions 666, the resulting permissions are 620. The easy way to figure out the effects of the UMASK are to subtract the UMASK from the default permissions that the program sets. (Note that all negative values become 0.)
  • You can change it anytime using the umask command. The syntax is simply umask <new_umask>
  • Here the <new_umask> can either be the numeric value (e.g., 007) or symbolic. For example, to set the umask to 047 using the symbolic notation, we have umask u=,g=r,o=rwx
  • Where "new_owner" is the name of the user account we want to sent the owner of the file to, and "filename" is the file we want to change. In addition, you can use chown to change not only the owner, but the group of the file as well. This has the general syntax: chown new_owner.new:group filename
  • Another useful trick is the ability to set the owner and group to the same ones as another file. This is done with the --reference= option, which sets to the name of the file you are referencing. If you want to change just the group, you can use the chgrp command, which has the same basic syntax as chown. Not that both chgrp and chmod can also take the --reference= option. Further, all three of these commands take the -R option, which recursively changes the permissions, owner or group.
liza cainz

Dependable Online Computer Repair Support - 1 views

I found out that my ex-boyfriend already have a new girlfriend and I never expected it would hurt this much, I still love him. I was in the mood to listen to slow music but I was further disappoint...

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started by liza cainz on 09 Mar 11 no follow-up yet
shalali stokes

They Fix Slow Computers Fast - 1 views

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started by shalali stokes on 11 Aug 11 no follow-up yet
onlinecomputer help

Online Computer Help in a Split Second - 2 views

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started by onlinecomputer help on 03 Aug 11 no follow-up yet
Maria Babae

Fix Computer Today Saves the Day - 1 views

I once had this laptop wherein I was about to use for a presentation. Unexpectedly, the laptop got some problems. I actually panicked and was about to call my people to postpone my presentation. Bu...

started by Maria Babae on 10 Aug 11 no follow-up yet
lyn shen

Online Computer Tech Support Saved the Day For Me - 1 views

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shalani mujer

Online Computer Tech Support Saved the Day For Me - 1 views

I was rushing a project in school when suddenly my laptop just konked out and crashed. I did not know what to do. After a few minutes of indecision, I picked up the phone and called Computer Tech ...

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Sanny Y

The Number One Computer Tech Support Service - 1 views

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Rem PC

The Best Remote PC Support I Ever Had - 1 views

The Remote PC Support Now excellent remote PC support services are the best. They have skilled computer tech professionals who can fix your PC while you wait or just go back to work or just simply...

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started by Rem PC on 12 Sep 11 no follow-up yet
shalani mujer

Quality Tech Support - 1 views

I am an online writer and I consider my computer as my best friend. I have to make sure that my computer is in good condition always. Unfortnately, I have been experiencing computer problems lately...

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started by shalani mujer on 06 Oct 11 no follow-up yet
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