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Dweck’s next question: what makes students focus on different goals in the first place? During a sabbatical at Harvard, she was discussing this with doctoral student Mary Bandura (daughter of legendary Stanford psychologist Albert Bandura), and the answer hit them: if some students want to show off their ability, while others want to increase their ability, “ability” means different things to the two groups. “If you want to demonstrate something over and over, it feels like something static that lives inside of you—whereas if you want to increase your ability, it feels dynamic and malleable,” Dweck explains. People with performance goals, she reasoned, think intelligence is fixed from birth. People with learning goals have a growth mind-set about intelligence, believing it can be developed. (Among themselves, psychologists call the growth mind-set an “incremental theory,” and use the term “entity theory” for the fixed mind-set.)

One of my favorite business model suggestions for entrepreneurs is, find an old  UNIX command that hasn't yet been implemented on the web, and fix that.  talk and  finger became ICQ,  LISTSERV became Yahoo! Groups,  ls became (the original) Yahoo!,  find and  grep became Google,  rn became Bloglines,  pine became Gmail,  mount is becoming S3, and  bash is becoming Yahoo! Pipes. I didn't get until tonight that Twitter is  wall for the web. I love that.