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This DRI report presents calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride, all of which have key roles in developing and maintaining bone and other calcified tissues in the body. View or download the entire 454 page document or just selected sections below, or find information for obtaining the book version. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997) National Academy of Sciences. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board.

Not enough vitamin D: health consequences for Canadians. Schwalfenberg G. Can Fam Physician. 2007 May;53(5):841-54. Review PMID: 17872747 Conclusion Low levels of VTD are considered a major public health problem in Canada, especially during the winter. Those with risk factors should be screened for low 25(OH)D levels and repletion therapy instituted if needed. Researchers have estimated that the oral dose of vitamin D3 to attain and maintain 25(OH)D levels >80 nmol/L is 2200 IU/d if baseline levels are 20 to 40 nmol/L, 1800 IU/d if levels are 40 to 60 nmol/L, and 1160 IU/d if levels are between 60 and 80 nmol/L.64 We need to ensure that patients have healthy blood levels of 25(OH)D to prevent levels of parathyroid hormone from rising and to maximize absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. Positive effects on bone are marginal at best unless patients consume at least 800 IU/d of VTD. The emerging and exciting role of the VTD receptor and the actions of VTD in maintaining health in other cell types have become more apparent during the last decade.

The Linus Pauling Institute's Micronutrient Information Center is a source for scientifically accurate information regarding the roles of vitamins, minerals, other nutrients, dietary phytochemicals (plant chemicals that may affect health), and some foods

Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D (1997). National Academy of Sciences. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board.

Dairy and bone health. Heaney RP. J Am Coll Nutr. 2009 Feb;28 Suppl 1:82S-90S. PMID: 19571166

Complementary and alternative medicine therapies to promote healthy moods.\nKemper KJ, Shannon S.\nPediatr Clin North Am. 2007 Dec;54(6):901-26; x. Review.\nPMID: 18061783 \ndoi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2007.09.002.