UWC Grade 5 (2009-2010)

Captured and killed in Florida, juvenile Burmese pythons (left), a young African rock python (center), and a larger African rock python lay coiled on a tray in a Unversity of Florida laboratory in late August 2009.

There are around 800 species, of which the largest group is bats. In fact, there are more species of bats in the Amazon than anywhere else.

From Wood to Paper:A Diagram of the Process & Chemistry Chemical Additives and Reactions A White Liquor added to wood chips.(Na2S + Na OH + Na2CO3) B Black Liquor washed out. C Pulp treated with Chlorine to oxidize Lignin. D Pulp extracted with Caustic Sods to remove Lignin. E Pulp treated with Sodium Hypochiorite(Na OCI) F Pulp treated with Chlorine Dioxide(CI O2) to increase whiteness. G Bleached pulp slurry. Rosin, Alum, Dyes, Clay, Titanium Dioxide (TI O2), added. H Paper sheet formed here through dewatering. Rosin and Alum react to size the paper (make it more waterproof). I Black Liquor (Spent White Liquor + Lignins from Wood). J Converts Black Liquor + added saltcake to Green Liquor thru combustion1. Na2SO4 ---> Na2S2. Na Lignin ---> Na2CO3 K Contains Green Liquor(Na2CO3 + Na2S) L Converts Green Liquor to White Liquor(Na2S + NaCO3 + Ca (OH)2 ---> Na OH + Na2S + Ca CO3) M Calcium Carbonate (Ca CO3) is settled out and sent to Lime Kiln. Clarified White Liquor goes back into new cooking cycle at Piont A. Chemical Additives and Reactions A White Liquor added to wood chips.(Na2S + Na OH + Na2CO3) B Black Liquor washed out. C Pulp treated with Chlorine to oxidize Lignin.

The Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja) is one of the world's largest birds of prey, reaching over three feet from head to tail. This awesome predator is a powerful flyer, able to pluck a sloth or monkey off a tree branch. It gets its name from a mythical Greek demon that preyed on people

Life has been generous in its allocation of fish species to the Amazon region. Around 2,000 species are described, but scientists estimate at least another 1,000 remain to be discovered

Hang onto old pieces of junk mail. While you can't stop companies from wasting trees to produce ads that nobody reads, you can still put the paper to good use. Use old envelopes from credit card offers to take phone messages or make "to do" lists.

The world's rainforests are among our most precious natural resources. Many rare species of plants and animals live in the rainforests. As modern civilization continues to progress, an increasing percentage of the world's rainforests are cleared for commercial purposes. Thankfully, there are many easy things you can do to help conserve the rainforest.

The forests and rivers of the Amazon harbor more species of reptiles than anywhere else on earth

Respecting and ExtendingOur Wood Resource Today's near-zero-waste sawmills use computers and sophisticated equipment such as laser-guided saws to get the most lumber out of each log. In fact, today's mill recover about twice as much lumber from each log as did mills at the turn of the century. The wood fiber that is not usable as lumber is recovered and processed into other valuable products. These "by-products" of lumber manufacturing can become particleboard , oriented strandboard paneling, or other engineered-wood products. Byproducts are also used to fuel cogeneration plants which produce electricity for the sawmills. And wood fiber also is used to make such products as plastic filler, shoe polish, toothpaste, varnish, foam rubber, and much more!

Sun > Strangler Fig > Howler > Harpy Eagle > DecomposersSun > Stranger Fig > Howler > Crocodile > DecomposersSun > Strangler Fig > Ant > Lizard > Harpy Eagle > DecomposersSun > Strangler Fig > Wasp > Spider > Bird > Harpy Eagle > DecomposersSun > Strangler Fig > Caterpillar > Lizard > Harpy EagleSun > Strangler Fig > Ant > Spider > Frog > Human Being (eats the monkey shot with an arrow poisoned with frog toxin) > DecomposersSun > Strangler Fig > Fungus > Ant > Frog > Snake > Harpy Eagle > DecomposersSun > Strangler Fig > Fungus > Ant > Ant Eater > Harpy Eagle > DecomposersSun > Strangler Fig > Bat > Snake > Harpy Eagle > DecomposersSun > Strangler Fig > Bat > Owl > DecomposersSun > Strangler Fig > Bat > Possum > Margay > Harpy Eagle > DecomposersSun > Algae > Mosquito Larva > Tadpole > Howler Monkey > Jaguar > DecomposersSun > Plants/Mud > Caterpillar/Blue Morpho Butterfly > Crocodile Hatchling > Coatimundi > Crocodile > Human Being > DecomposersSun > Strangler Fig > Ant > Spider > Lizard > Crocodile Hatchling > Coatimundi > Human Being

The harpy eagle nests in the tallest trees and hunts birds, monkeys, and sloths. Swinging through the lower branches, the grey woolly monkey uses its tail to grip. But this is gradually being destroyed. The Amazon Basin once dense, is now rapidly being opened up. The land is being developed for oil, mining, and farming.

Highly adaptable, tigers range from the Siberian taiga, to open grasslands, to tropical mangrove swamps. They are territorial and generally solitary animals, often requiring large contiguous areas of habitat that support their prey demands. This, coupled with the fact that they are endemic to some of the more densely populated places on earth, has caused significant conflicts with humans. Of the nine subspecies of modern tiger, three are extinct and the remaining six are classified as endangered, some critically so. The primary direct causes are habitat destruction and fragmentation, and hunting. Their historical range, which once reached from Mesopotamia and the Caucasus through most of South and East Asia, has been radically reduced. While all surviving species are under formal protection, poaching, habitat destruction and inbreeding depression continue to be threats.

Tigers are perhaps the most recognisable of all the cats (with the possible exception of the lion). They typically have rusty-reddish to brown-rusty coats, a whitish medial and ventral area, a white "fringe" that surrounds the face, and stripes that vary from brown or gray to pure black.

Main article: Golden tabby A rare golden tabby/strawberry tiger at the Buffalo Zoo. In addition, another recessive gene may create a very unusual "golden tabby" colour variation, sometimes known as "strawberry." Golden tabby tigers have light gold fur, pale legs and faint orange stripes. Their fur tends to be much thicker than normal.[50] There are extremely few golden tabby tigers in captivity, around 30 in all. Like white tigers, strawberry tigers are invariably at least part Bengal. Some golden tabby tigers, called heterozygous tigers, carry the white tiger gene, and when two such tigers are mated, can produce some stripeless white offspring. Both white and golden tabby tigers tend to be larger than average Bengal tigers.

Elephants are the largest land animals. They can weigh over 6,000 kg, or more than the weight of four cars! The one feature that makes an elephant unmistakable is its long trunk. A trunk is an elephant's best tool for sucking up water, digging, grabbing, lifting, sniffing, and breathing. The trunk even has a fingerlike tip that can flick dirt from an elephant’s eye or pick up a single blade of grass. There are three species of elephants. Two species live in Africa and one lives in Asia. All three species are endangered.

Asian elephants have an arched body shape. They have triangular ears that do not reach their shoulders and two bumps on their foreheads. Their trunks have a single lip on the upper tip of the trunk. Male Asian elephants are 2-3.5 m tall. Their average weight is about 5,400 kg. Females average about 2.35 m tall and weigh about 2,700 kg. Often, only males have tusk

Elephants live in social groups called herds. Herds usually have about 10 to 20 members. Sometimes many herds will meet and form “super herds” of 100 or more elephants. Herds consist mainly of females that are related to each other. A typical herd might include mothers, daughters, aunts, and grandmothers, and a few young males. The oldest female is the herd’s matriarch. She leads the herd to water and finds food and a place to rest. There are also smaller bachelor herds that are made up of adult males.

The Ocelot is mostly nocturnal and very territorial. It will fight fiercely, sometimes to the death, in territorial disputes. In addition, the Ocelot marks its territory with especially pungent urine. Like most felines, it is solitary, usually meeting only to mate

The colorful, giant bill, which in some large species measure more than half the length of the body

Arapaima, Paiche or Pirarucu is one of the 500 species of catfish inhabiting the Amazon rainforest. The largest scale fish in the Amazonia. World's largest freshwater fish. An air-breathing, carnivorous fish that can grow up to 10 feet long and can weigh up to 400 pounds. One individual can yield 70 kg of meat. Pirarucu ranks among the most ancient fish on earth - Jurassic period, 200 million years back. Its name comes from Tupi language which means something like "red fish".

In 2006, the number of endangered species rose to more than 16,000 worldwide. Habitat loss, pollution and human-animal conflict all play a part when species are threatened with extinction. Introductions of non-native species devastate local native populations and alter ecosystems. From elephants, leopards and bears to monk seals, sea turtles, manatees and whales we'll explore wildlife conservation issues and find some reasons to be encouraged. With new species being discovered every day, interest in protecting some of the world's unique habitats is growing.