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Behind Africaˇs explorers, Muslim empires on the make - The Boston Globe.pdf - 2 views

diigo.com/0sf7ze Refilwe Precious Mdluli 222200556 HISTORY2A
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  • r222200556 on 26 Apr 23
     
    NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
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Slavery and the slave trade as international issues 1890-1939 - 1 views

www.tandfonline.com/...01440399808575237
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  • m222214127 on 26 Apr 23
     
    Published in Slavery & Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies (Vol. 19, No. 2, 1998)
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ULUNDI - 1 views

www.diigo.com/...xwp7 thobekile maphalala
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Origins of the Zulu Kingdom.pdf - 1 views

diigo.com/0sf83w thobekile maphalala
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  • Omer-Cooper's Zulu Aftermath serves as a useful point of departure for an examination of the origins of the Zulu kingdom. "As his conquests continued," Omer-Cooper remarks, "Shaka constructed a new type of state. Its primary purpose was to main tain an efficient fighting force completely loyal to its leader."7
    • thobekile
      thobekile on 26 Apr 23
       
      Shaka believed that the job of a man is to be a soldier that is trustworthy to his leader and always ready to fight for his nation and pride. He made sure that he built his clan soldiers to be strong when embarking on a fight
  • e. By the time of his assassination in 1828, Shaka had forged a kingdom bounded on the north by the Phongolo river, on the south by the Thukela and in the west by the Drakensberg. He evidently succeeded as a state-builder by perfecting Dingiswayo's military innovations: replacement of the long throwing spear with the short stabbing assegai; use of the winged battle formation; creation of female age-regiments; and establishment of a hierarchy of civil and political officials subordinate to the king.10
    • thobekile
      thobekile on 26 Apr 23
       
      As Dingane planned the killing of Shaka as well as his brother the Zulu tribe already owned a lot of land due to Shaka being the bravest as well as
  • . The Nguni option to exploit trading opportunities presumes an agricultural economy capable of sustaining the increased demand placed upon it
    • thobekile
      thobekile on 26 Apr 23
       
      The Zulu way of living depended on cattle and agriculture and the farms women were responsible planting maize and vegetables whereas the cattle's were tendered by the men. Also men would hunt for meat as back then there were no shops to buy meat also the animals that they had provided them with meat
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  • By the late eighteenth century, various Nguni ruling lineages experienced expansionary success through the new amabutho system, and such success served to augment royal ritual autho
    • thobekile
      thobekile on 26 Apr 23
       
      As the Nguni experienced drought in their land and the crops died the king/chief had to implement new strategies to start anew of their crops and they did recover from that.
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The Anglo-Zulu War and its Aftermath.pdf - 1 views

diigo.com/0sf83z thobekile maphalala
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  • Battle movements and the disposition of the various Zulu factions between battles are clearly indicated although it is not always easy, even with the key to the maps at hand, to follow troop dispositions.
    • thobekile
      thobekile on 26 Apr 23
       
      The Zulu warriors were made warriors at a certain age as they were taken for training so they could grow strong to be able to fight and protect the citizens of the country. As they were trained they would be still living at their homestead and it is said that they could only leave their homestead once they are married and can be reduced the task of amabutho once getting married. Also they were not allowed to get married without the king and the chief knowing.
  • It begins with a discussion of how the overthrow of Cetshwayo had led to changes in the Zulu military organisation with the great chiefs of the former kingdom using the destruction of royal authority to raise their own amabutho. They were then able to use these amaburho against each other and particularly against the uSuthu during the civil wars.
    • thobekile
      thobekile on 26 Apr 23
       
      Cetshwayo was believed to be the best leader who cared and restored power for his people. And him being captured and sent into exile in the Cape led to too many inconvenience to people
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Reconnaissance survey of Zulu kingdom period amakhanda in the emaKhosini Basin, South A... - 0 views

www.tandfonline.com/...0067270X.2022.2115686 thobekile maphalala History 2A
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  • Settlement during the Zulu kingdom period (c.1816–1879) has been directly linked tothe kingdom’s political system. Political organisation during the kingdom’s lifespansaw a blending of an existing chiefdom structure with new tiers of a political élite. Theking (amakosi) ruled with his council (ibandla) comprised of chiefs (izinduna) from pro-minent old chiefdoms and individuals of high hereditary rank (izilomo) to whom lesspowerful chiefs, a bureaucracy (commanders, regimental officers, tribute collectors,attendants, etc.) and homestead heads (abanumzana) were all subject.
    • thobekile
      thobekile on 26 Apr 23
       
      It has been said that the Zulu people migrated from West Africa to southeastern Africa during the Bantu migrations. They all went to settle at KwaZulu Natal at the Nguni homestead and that is where they began to live their live through farming and hunting.
  • Theibuthosystem was also impor-tant economically and socially as it linked royal towns with chiefdoms and homesteads insupport of the king, the political hierarchy and its administration. All men and womenfrom across the kingdom were organised into age-sets (amabutho) (Krige1936: 38). Menfrom different chiefdoms were formed to serve in age-set regiments atamakhandaandsome young women of femaleamabuthoworked in service to the king and his retinueat his permanent residence. Otherwise, both resided at their father’s homesteads.
    • thobekile
      thobekile on 26 Apr 23
       
      Young men who had reached their teens were taken to the royal house where they would be told what to wear in a specific way symbolizing that they are not married and as upcoming warriors also the older mans duty would be to guide the young mans as they are appointed to do so. They also had to be trained so they could be strong enough to protect the nation and its citizens on wars.
  • The Zulu kingdom is widely regarded as the largest and most influential polity in south-eastern Africa during much of the nineteenth century (Figure 1). From the beginnings ofits formation in the late 1810s under King Shaka kaSenzangakhona to its demise as anindependent kingdom as a result of British invasion during the rule of King CetshwayokaMpande in 1879, the Zulu kingdom period straddles the pre-colonial and early colonialeras of southern Africa.
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GUNS IN AFRICA - 1 views

images.auctionet.com/...item_2786560_30b28202d8.jpg Thando Ntunga 221099899
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  • thandontunga on 26 Apr 23
     
    RIFLE OF 1986 IN Africa
  • ...2 more comments...
  • thandontunga on 26 Apr 23
     
    The gun in the picture is a rifle, a gun that was popular in the 19th century.
  • thandontunga on 26 Apr 23
     
    The rifle is made out of wood and metal, with intricate engraving on the metal part. this gun was considered as a work of art during 19th century.
  • thandontunga on 26 Apr 23
     
    The gun in the picture has a long barrel, which allows for increased accuracy at longer distance and it was used for military purposes and hunting.
  • thandontunga on 26 Apr 23
     
    The rifle is a single shot weapon, which allows the user to shot once and reload it again.
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The history of ancient Egypt, as extant in the Greek historians, poets, and others: tog... - 5 views

go.gale.com/...retrieve.do Gudani Rangata
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  • gudanirangata26 on 26 Apr 23
     
    This is a Gale article by George Laughton (an English minister) and it is set in 2188 BC. In his article, Laughton explores Africa (Egypt in particular) from a biblical and Christian perspective. He narrates his exploration of linguistic diversity and how migration came about. Moreover, he admires their cultural and marital norms. He is again drawn to their agricultural practices and natural environment as a whole.
  • gudanirangata26 on 26 Apr 23
     
    Laughton also dives into wanting to understand the Egyptian`s ways of thinking by closely observing their way of life and interaction.
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EUROPEAN COMPETITION AND COOPERATION IN PRE-MODERN GLOBALIZATION: "PORTUGUESE" WEST AND... - 2 views

diigo.com/0sf84n "Owami Mbeko" "History2A"
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  • One of the chief problems with many of the existing scholarly interpretations of sixteenth century 'Portuguese' Africa is that they fail to understand Europe's trade with Africa in terms of commodity chains.8 Direct European involvement on the coast of Africa south of the Sahara came to take place because of markets; some of these market relationships were already very old when this started to happen, i.e. caravan routes, and some new ones came into being as a result of increased contact and trade along new routes. By the sixteenth century, the various commodity chains embracing African trade connected Africa primarily with north, northwestern and central Europe, not Lisbon, which was mostly a way station on the route northward. This was true not only for the trade items produ
    • wamiercandy
      wamiercandy on 26 Apr 23
       
      this part explains how the trade between African and Portuguese began which was seen as exploitation at first but as years went by Africa claimed back its resources and began good trade with Portuguese
  • l-state systems.9 The logic of markets, far more than political jurisdictions, established the routes along which flowed the various European and African trade commodities as well as the technology, informational exchanges and financial tools that allowed the trade to flo
    • wamiercandy
      wamiercandy on 26 Apr 23
       
      This part of the journal explains how the European explorers started using Central Africa's resources to start up their own trade which was also gonna require African roots to be used without paying any money to the Africans.
  • Portuguese attack. The weakness of its territorial claims and the implausibility of enforcing maritime rule over such a vast coastline were among the conditions that drove various Portuguese groups - representing the crown, colonies and religious orders - to attempt to gain a more secure territorial base in Africa by the end of the sixteenth century. These groups realized just such a project in Angola by the end of the sixteenth century. By the seventeenth century, all European groups competing for African trade sought to harness merchant shipping to African territorial claims and relied on state support to achieve these ends, although the success of these ventures remained limited.
    • wamiercandy
      wamiercandy on 26 Apr 23
       
      This part explains the goodness of African resources that ended up producing competition within the European countries as every one wanted to gain power and colonise Cental Africa.
  • wamiercandy on 26 Apr 23
     
    This is a source from Jstor which explains how the European explorers discovered Central Africa and began to use its resources for their own gain while they colonised people in Central Africa.
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Primary source from gale.pdf - 2 views

diigo.com/0sf84w Aneziwe Mkhungo
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  • aneziwemkhungo on 26 Apr 23
     
    This Source describes the different features which a person will find in the Zulu country as the Zululand in this source is described as a country. The Zululand is explained as having mountains, hills, having hot weather, being near the sea, and has swamps. It has many forests within the mountains. It also talks about how the Zulu land is very watered which means that it has many rivers with the Tugela River as the largest one. It also highlights how poor communication is since there are no proper roads.
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explorers and Exploration - 1 views

www.jstor.org/41501702 Owami Mbeko "History2A"
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  • wamiercandy on 26 Apr 23
     
    This source explains more about the trade relations between Africa and the European countries.
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Guns, Race, and Skill in Nineteenth-Century Southern Africa.pdf - 7 views

diigo.com/0sf85k Nelani Ngqubuka History 2A
shared by mlotshwa on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • There were other reasons why old guns retained their appeal in southern Africa longer than they did in other parts of the world. On the nineteenth-century southern African frontier, capital was scarce and game was plentiful; so long as plenty of game could be killed with primitive weapons, there was little incentive to adopt new guns such as the paper-cartridge breechloaders that became available in the 1850s and 1860s.25 Older weapons were a more adaptable and flexible technology than the new rifles, and happened to be less expensive,
    • mlotshwa
      mlotshwa on 26 Apr 23
       
      This illustrates that guns were available and used to hunter in Africa even before 1850 and 1860 when new guns such as the paper-cartridge breechloaders were available. In southern Africa hunter continued to use the old types of guns as they regarded them as adaptable and flexible besides that they did not have enough capital to purchase the new riffles. This can be linked to the content of Guns in Africa because guns were used in southern Africa in some hunting competitions and other guns came with Boers who migrated in the Cape and before Boer war in 1880-81 and even on the war guns were used. In addition guns have been long used in African societies in the early 18 century.
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Trade and Transformation Participation in the Ivory Trade in Late 19th Century East and... - 1 views

diigo.com/0sf86e Lindokuhle Ntseare 222011098 History 2A
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  • ivory had important and widespread political meanings as a sign of authority and an item of tribute.
  • ivory could be translated into value both in the sphere of subsistence production and reproduction, and in the sphere of production for trade.
  • Tippu Tip.
    • ntsearelr
      ntsearelr on 26 Apr 23
       
      Tippu Tip, also known as Hamed bin Muhammad el Murjebi, was a 19th-century trader, slave trader, and plantation owner who played a significant role in the history of East Africa. He was born in Zanzibar in 1837 and was the son of a successful merchant. Tippu Tip began his career as a trader, dealing in ivory and other goods. He later became involved in the slave trade, trading in slaves captured from interior regions of East Africa and selling them to buyers in Zanzibar and elsewhere. He also owned plantations in what is now Tanzania, where he employed slave labor to produce cloves, coffee, and other crops. Despite his involvement in the slave trade, Tippu Tip was also known for his diplomatic skills and his ability to navigate the complex political landscape of East Africa. He formed alliances with local rulers and played a significant role in the Arab-led slave trade networks that operated in the region.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • PORTERS, CARAVAN ROUTES AND TRADE COMMUNITIES Ivory provided status and livelihood for porters engaged in transporting it. The ivory trade was crucial in the development of long-distance trade routes by peoples in the interior, particularly by the Nyamwezi and the Yao. Among the Nyamwezi, the carriage of ivory was important in the development of a body of professional porters with particular skills and a work culture that set norms for long-distance caravan transport in the 19th century
  • ivory was the basis of several kinds of transactions at the coast. It was used to discharge the debts of those who traded in the interior and was the basis for the further extension of credit, often in the form of trade goods. It was also the basis for the authority of senior merchants like Tippu Tip, who used it to acquire guns and trade goods
  • ntsearelr on 26 Apr 23
     
    Ruth Rempel examines the impact of the ivory trade on African societies and the processes of economic and social change that it brought about. She also explains how factors such as political factors, the consultate of Zanzibar, and caravan routes played a role. Rempel argues that the ivory trade created new patterns of trade and exchange, with local African communities acting as intermediaries between the interior and the coast, where European traders were based. These communities were drawn into the trade by the lure of European goods, such as firearms, cloth, and beads, and were able to accumulate wealth and power through their participation in the trade. At the same time, Rempel notes that the ivory trade also disrupted traditional social and economic relationships, causing conflict between different groups competing for control of the trade. European powers played a major role in shaping the ivory trade in Africa, using their control of coastal ports and trade routes to further their imperial ambitions and secure access to ivory and other resources.
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Madagascar and mozambique in the slave trade of the Western Indian Ocean 1800-1861 - 3 views

www.tandfonline.com/...01440398808574968
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  • m222214127 on 26 Apr 23
     
    Published in Slavery & Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies (Vol. 9, No. 3, 1988)
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