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huffem4

Academics Are Really Worried About Cancel Culture - The Atlantic - 1 views

  • Our national reckoning on race has brought to the fore a loose but committed assemblage of people given to the idea that social justice must be pursued via attempts to banish from the public sphere, as much as possible, all opinions that they interpret as insufficiently opposed to power differentials.
  • Valid intellectual and artistic endeavor must hold the battle against white supremacy front and center, white people are to identify and expunge their complicity in this white supremacy with the assumption that this task can never be completed, and statements questioning this program constitute a form of “violence” that merits shaming and expulsion.
  • Another defense of sorts has been to claim that even this cancel-culture lite is not dangerous, because it has no real effect. When, for instance, 153 intellectuals signed an open letter in Harper’s arguing for the value of free speech (I was one of them), we were told that we were comfortable bigwigs chafing at mere criticism, as if all that has been happening is certain people being taken to task, as opposed to being shamed and stripped of honors.
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  • more than half the respondents consider expressing views beyond a certain consensus in an academic setting quite dangerous to their career trajectory.
  • various people insisted that I was, essentially, lying; they simply do not believe that anyone remotely reasonable has anything to worry about.
  • in July I tweeted that I (as well as my Bloggingheads sparring partner Glenn Loury) have been receiving missives since May almost daily from professors living in constant fear for their career because their opinions are incompatible with the current woke playbook.
  • Overall I found it alarming how many of the letters sound as if they were written from Stalinist Russia or Maoist China.
  • A statistics professor says: I routinely discuss the fallacy of assuming that disparity implies discrimination, which is just a specific way of confusing correlation for causality. Frankly, I'm now somewhat afraid to broach these topics … since according to the new faith, disparity actually is conclusive evidence of discrimination.
  • The new mood has even reached medieval studies; an assistant professor reports having recently just survived an attack by a cadre of scholars who are “unspeakably mean and disingenuous once they have you in their sights,” regularly “mounting PR campaigns to get academics and grad students fired, removed from programs, expelled from scholarly groups, or simply to cease speaking.”
  • Being nonwhite leaves one protected in this environment only to the extent that one toes the ideological line. An assistant professor of color who cannot quite get with the program writes, “At the moment, I’m more anxious about this problem than anything else in my career,” noting that “the truth is that over the last few years, this new norm of intolerance and cult of social justice has marginalized me more than all racism I have ever faced in my life.”
  • The charges levied against many of these professors are rooted in a fanatical worldview, one devoted to spraying for any utterances possibly interpretable as “supremacist,” although the accusers sincerely think they have access to higher wisdom. A white professor read a passage from an interview with a well-known Black public intellectual who mentions the rap group NWA, and because few of the students knew of the group’s work at this late date, the professor parenthetically noted what the initials stand for. None of the Black students batted an eye, according to my correspondent, but a few white students demanded a humiliating public apology.
  • This episode represents a pattern in the letters, wherein it is white students who are “woker” than their Black classmates, neatly demonstrating the degree to which this new religion is more about virtue signaling than social justice
  • let’s face it: Half a dozen reports of teachers grading Black students more harshly than white students would be accepted by many as demonstrating a stain on our entire national fabric. These 150 missives stand as an articulate demonstration of something general—and deeply disturbing—as well.
  • A history professor reports that at his school, the administration is seriously considering setting up an anonymous reporting system for students and professors to report “bias” that they have perceived.
  • So no one should feign surprise or disbelief that academics write to me with great frequency to share their anxieties. In a three-week period early this summer, I counted some 150 of these messages. And what they reveal is a very rational culture of fear among those who dissent, even slightly, with the tenets of the woke left.
  • The result is academics living out loud only in whispers
  • A creative-writing instructor:
  • The majority of my fellow instructors and staff constantly self-censor themselves in fear of being fired for expressing the “wrong opinions.” It’s gotten to the point where many are too terrified to even like or retweet a tweet, lest it lead to some kind of disciplinary measure … They are supporters of free speech, scientific data, and healthy debate, but they are too fearful today to publicly declare such support. However, they’ll tell it to a sympathetic ear in the back corner booth of a quiet bar after two or three pints. These ideas have been reduced to lurking in the shadows now.
  • Some will process this as a kind of whining, supposing that all we should really be concerned about is whether people are outright dismissed. However, elsewhere a hostile work environment is considered a breach of civil rights, and as one correspondent wrote
  • “It isn’t just fear of firing that motivates professors and grad students to be quiet. It is a desire to have friends, to be part of a community. This is a fundamental part of human psychology. Indeed, experiments examining the effects of ostracism highlight what a powerful existential threat it is to be ignored, excluded, or rejected. This has been documented at the neurological level. Ostracism is a form of social death. It is a very potent threat.”
  • Especially sad is the extent to which this new Maoism can dilute the richness of a curriculum and discourage people from becoming professors at all
  • Very few of the people who wrote to me are of conservative political orientation. Rather, a main thread in the missives is people left-of-center wondering why, suddenly, to be anything but radical is to be treated as a retrograde heretic
  • It is now no longer “Why aren’t you on the left?” but “How dare you not be as left as we are.”
  • One professor committed the sin of “privileging the white male perspective” in giving a lecture on the philosophy of one of the Founding Fathers, even though Frederick Douglass sang that Founder’s praises. The administration tried to make him sit in a “listening circle,” in which his job was to stay silent while students explained how he had hurt them—in other words, a 21st-century-American version of a struggle session straight out of the Cultural Revolution.
  • The goal, they suggest, is less to eliminate all signs of a person’s existence—which tends to be impractical anyway— than to supplement critique with punishment of some kind.
  • One professor notes, “Even with tenure and authority, I worry that students could file spurious Title IX complaints … or that students could boycott me or remove me as Chair.”
  • From the same well is this same professor finding that the gay men in his class had no problem with his assigning a book with a gay slur in its title, a layered, ironic title for a book taking issue with traditional concepts of masculinity—but that a group of straight white women did, and reported him to his superiors.
  • degree of sheer worry among the people
    • huffem4
       
      everyone has to watch what you say in fear of being "cancelled." Instead of teaching or helping the person to learn from their mistakes, their careers and futures are ruined.
ilanaprincilus06

Humans need to become smarter thinkers to beat climate denial | Dana Nuccitelli | Envir... - 0 views

  • using ‘misconception-based learning’ to dislodge climate myths from peoples’ brains and replace them with facts, and beating denial by inoculating people against misinformers’ tricks.
  • The idea is that when people are faced with a myth and a competing fact, the fact will more easily win out if the fallacy underpinning the myth is revealed.
  • If people can learn to implement a simple six-step critical thinking process, they’ll be able to evaluate whether climate-related claims are valid.
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  • Identify the claim being made
  • the most popular contrarian argument: “Earth’s climate has changed naturally in the past, so current climate change is natural.”
  • Construct the argument by identifying the premises leading to that conclusion.
  • Determine whether the argument is deductive, meaning that it starts out with a general statement and reaches a definitive conclusion.
  • the first premise is that Earth’s climate has changed in the past through natural processes, and the second premise is that the climate is currently changing.
  • Check the argument for validity; does the conclusion follow from the premises?
  • Identify hidden premises. By adding an extra premise to make an invalid argument valid, we can gain a deeper understanding of why the argument is flawed.
  • the hidden assumption is “if nature caused climate change in the past, it must always be the cause of climate change.”
  • Check to see if the argument relies on ambiguity.
  • Not all climate change is equal
  • Therefore, human activity is necessary to explain current climate change.
  • If the argument hasn’t yet been ruled out, determine the truth of its premises.
  • the argument that “if something was the cause in the past, it will be the cause in the future” is invalid if the effect has multiple plausible causes or mechanisms
anonymous

The Artist's Intentions and the Intentional Fallacy in Fine Arts Conservation on JSTOR - 0 views

shared by anonymous on 04 Nov 20 - No Cached
  • A formal claim was made in the mid-20th century that the goal of art conservation is to present the artwork as the artist intended it to be seen.
  • Dispute over this claim among conservators and art historians involved differences of perspective on the relative roles of science and art history in the interpretation of artist's intention.
  • The author finds that the interpretation and application of artist's intention is an interdisciplinary task and that its evaluation in conservation contexts is limited to consideration of distinctive stylistic characteristics that demonstrate the correlated individuality of artists and their work
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  • In the mid-20th century, it was claimed that the goal of restoration was to restore works of art to the appearance that artist had wanted to give them
  • In this particular debate, the difficulty in assessing and applying the artist's intention arose from the very ambiguity of the term "intention.
  • The author examines 11 different meanings of this word, and it poses the problem of the artist's intention in contexts related to the field of restoration.
  • The author believes that the interpretation and study of the artist's intentions is an interdisciplinary task, and that its evaluation in the contexts of restoration must be limited to consideration of the particular stylistic characteristics which demonstrate the correlative individuality of the artists and their works
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    Hopefully, this is long enough, but I had already read it. This is bascially a description of a book and how people talk about artists intentions.
marleen_ueberall

Logic and Argumentation - Wheaton College, IL - 0 views

  • Logic and Argumentation
    • marleen_ueberall
       
      This article is pretty helpful and explains arguments with good examples
  • Argumentation is the staple of most, if not all, academic writing. Given the importance of argumentation, a writer should test and make certain that the point being argued is solid and well-founded rather than an unsupported statement,
  • A sound argument is a valid argument with true premises, whereas an unsound argument has at least one false premise.
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  • A valid argument is one where if all the premises are true, so that the conclusion necessarily follows
  • A non-valid argument is one where even if the premises are true, the conclusion does not necessarily follow
  • Argumentation is the staple of most, if not all, academic writing
  • Example of a non-valid argument: If Dr. Litfin were Catholic, he would pray in chapel. Dr. Litfin does pray in chapel. Therefore, Dr. Litfin is Catholic.
  • Invalidity and unsoundness are often difficult to spot at first glance.
  • Begging the Question: the conclusion assumes or restates what is explicitly stated in the premise.
  • Appeal to Ignorance: argues that, since a certain statement or point has not been shown to be false, it must be true—or vice versa.
katherineharron

Pew Research Center finds widespread agreement about the 'made-up news' malady - CNN - 0 views

  • Survey people about a range of issues, ask which issues are a "very big problem for the country," and more Americans will cite "made-up news" than terrorism, illegal immigration, racism or sexism.
  • Of course, some point the finger primarily at President Trump while others blame irresponsible news outlets. People are using different definitions of "made-up." But the study shows a widespread awareness of what's sometimes called the War on Truth.
  • 1: Pew says "Americans blame political leaders and activists far more than journalists for the creation of made-up news but put the responsibility on the news media to fix it." Only 9% say the onus is mostly on the tech companies.2: When people bemoan made-up news, they're not just talking about politics: 61% of respondents said there's a lot of bogus content out there about entertainment and celebrities.3: "52% of Americans have shared made-up news knowingly and/or unknowingly." Almost everyone says they only found out the info was bogus after sharing.4: Here is a hopeful sign! 78% "say they have checked the facts in news stories themselves." More here...
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  • The attorney representing 10 of the families who lost relatives in the Sandy Hook massacre told me that he welcomed YouTube's Wednesday action, but said it was "too late to undo the harm" that has been caused to his clients from conspiracy theories circulating on the platform over the past several years. "Sandy Hook happened now nearly seven years ago, and so during that entire time the clients were subject to hostile postings on YouTube that disseminated this false narrative and caused undue harassment, threats, and fallacies as they were trying to heal," said the attorney, Josh Koskoff. "At the same time, better late than never."
  • Moving forward, it will be interesting to see if other social media company adopts guidelines similar to the ones YouTube announced on Wednesday regarding content that denies well-documented violent events like Sandy Hook. "All social media platforms who have not taken this step, should look in the mirror and decide whether they want to continue to facilitate harassment and hate in this day and age where that has serious consequences," Koskoff told me. And Pozner echoed that, saying that he hoped "Twitter and other hosting platforms will follow suit in implementing and enforcing more socially responsible policies."
manhefnawi

10 Common Flaws With How We Think - 0 views

  • By nature, human beings are illogical and irrational.
  • survival meant thinking quickly, not methodically. Making a life-saving decision was more important than making a 100% accurate one, so the human brain developed an array of mental shortcuts.
  • these shortcuts -- called cognitive biases or heuristics -- are numerous and innate.
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  • We can never totally escape them, but we can be more aware of them, and, just maybe, take efforts to minimize their influence.
  • "Our decisions... are guided by the perceived values at the moment of the decision - not by the potential final value."
  • we are biased against actions that could lead to regret
  • The halo effect is a cognitive bias in which we judge a person's character based upon our rapid, and often oversimplified, impressions of him or her.
  • Confirmation bias is the tendency of people to favor information that confirms their beliefs.
  • Hearing or reading information that backs our beliefs feels good, and so we often seek it out.
manhefnawi

Do You Use Only 10% of Your Brain? | Mental Floss - 0 views

  • We may be biased, but we think the human brain is pretty special.
  • This myth is so prevalent that it is unquestioningly accepted as a pivotal plot point in movies, a motivational tactic for self-improvement, or justification for claims about ESP and other supposed untapped abilities of the human mind. A 2013 poll surveying over 2000 Americans found that 65 percent believed the 10 percent myth. A 2007 study in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) found that even some doctors weren't immune to the fallacy. But the truth is that everyone uses 100 percent of their brain.
  • Decades later, the myth has persevered because of the attractive possibility it seems to present. It absolves us for not reaching our full potential, offers a persistent insecurity for self-help gurus to appeal to, and provides a pseudo-scientific explanation for the limits of human comprehension. 
delgadool

YouTube - 0 views

shared by delgadool on 01 Dec 19 - No Cached
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    A video about explaining the conjunction fallacy, where the probability of A occurring is always greater than the probability of A + B occurring, despite statements with more conditions generally being more believable.
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