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Aurialie Jublin

Falling wages caused more by trade union decline than robots | Apolitical - 0 views

  • The pair said that the influence of new technology was much less noticeable. “While we also find evidence for a negative impact of technological change,” they said, “the effect seems to be less significant since the mid-1990s.”
  • The writers looked at how three factors — technological change, the process of globalisation, and shifts in worker bargaining power — influenced the slump in wage share. “Our results indicate that the decline… can be attributed to globalisation and a decline in bargaining power of labour,” Guschanski and Onaran wrote.
  • The pair pointed out that middle-skilled workers they studied had suffered worst from the impact of technological change, meaning that responding to new technology simply by boosting skills training, rather than bolstering unions, might not help in the long term.
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    "Are lacklustre wages an inevitable consequence of globalisation and technological change? Or has policy had a role to play? Technology, according to new research presented at the annual conference of the UK's Royal Economic Society, is not in itself the problem. Instead, a mix of globalisation and the decline of worker bargaining power have been responsible for employees' woes. And, the paper suggests, bolstering trade unions would be a better way to shore up workers in the future than skills training."
Aurialie Jublin

Worker Surveillance and Class Power - « Law and Political Economy - 0 views

  • As a first example, consider how workplace monitoring generates data that companies can use to automate the very tasks workers are being paid to perform. When Uber drivers carry passengers from one location to another, or simply cruise around town waiting for fares, Uber gathers extensive data on routes, driving speed, and driver behavior. That data may prove useful in developing the many algorithms required for autonomous vehicles—for example by illuminating how a reasonable driver would respond to particular traffic or road conditions.
  • with GPS data from millions of trips across town, Uber may be able to predict the best path from point A to point B fairly well, accounting not just for map distance, but also for current traffic, weather, the time of day, etc. In other words, its algorithms can replicate drivers’ subtle, local knowledge. If that knowledge was once relatively rare, then Uber’s algorithms may enable it to push down wages and erode working conditions.
  • By managing drivers’ expectations, the company may be able to maintain a high supply of drivers on the road waiting for fares. The net effect may be to lower wages, since the company only pays drivers when they are ferrying passengers.
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  • Finally, new monitoring technologies can help firms to shunt workers outside of their legal boundaries through independent contracting, subcontracting, and franchising. Various economic theories suggest that firms tend to bring workers in-house as employees rather than contracting for their services—and therefore tend to accept the legal obligations and financial costs that go along with using employees rather than contractors—when they lack reliable information about workers’ proclivities, or where their work performance is difficult to monitor.
  • This suggests, in my mind, a strategy of worker empowerment and deliberative governance rather than command-and-control regulation. At the firm or workplace level, new forms of unionization and collective bargaining could address the everyday invasions of privacy or erosions of autonomy that arise through technological monitoring. Workers might block new monitoring tools that they feel are unduly intrusive. Or they might accept more extensive monitoring in exchange for greater pay or more reasonable hours.
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    "Companies around the world are dreaming up a new generation of technologies designed to monitor their workers-from Amazon's new employee wristbands, to Uber's recording whether its drivers are holding their phones rather than mounting them, to "Worksmart," a new productivity tool that takes photos of workers every ten minutes via their webcams. Technologies like these can erode workplace privacy and encourage discrimination. Without disregarding the importance of those effects, I want to focus in this post on how employers can use new monitoring technologies to drive down wages or otherwise disempower workers as a class. I'll use examples from Uber, not because Uber is exceptional in this regard - it most certainly is not - but rather because it is exemplary."
Aurialie Jublin

How Sensors and Social Data Can Improve the Office | MIT Technology Review - 2 views

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    Résumé IA : Ben Waber, auteur de "People Analytics: How Social Sensing Technology Will Transform Business", revient pour la Technology Review sur comment augmenter la réalité sociale sur nos lieux de travail. Que se passe-t-il quand l'espace de travail, les murs qui séparent les gens, voir même la machine à café sont déterminés par les données ? Il revient sur un vieux projet du MIT, Augmented Cubicle - http://fab.cba.mit.edu/classes/MIT/863.09/people/ben/project4.html - qui avait pour objet d'influencer la dynamique sociale dans le lieu de travail via une installation favorisant les échanges distants. A l'heure où les interactions sociales deviennent plus faciles à mesurer, le prochain défi est de trouver comment utiliser ce que nous apprenons des données comportementales pour influence ou améliorer les échanges entre collègues au travail. Ben Waber, à la tête de Sociometrics Solutions - http://www.sociometricsolutions.com - une spinoff du Medialab du MIT dont nous avons souvent parlé, utilise des badges pour monitorer les employés de sociétés clientes. Ces données ont ainsi montré que ceux qui mangent dans des groupes plus nombreux, ont tendance à être plus productifs. Le ton de la voix, la fluctuation de son volume, sa rapidité peut prédire combien une personne sera persuasive dans ce qu'elle dit. Sachant cela, le travail de Sociometric solutions est désormais de regarder comment peut-on indiquer à quelqu'un de moduler sa voix pour être plus persuasif ? Comment peut-on organiser des réunions afin quelles permettent de mieux mêler les gens ? Faudra-t-il imaginer demain des machine à café robot itinérantes pour permettre aux groupes de mieux se rencontrer ? Faudra-t-il imaginer demain des robots lents comme SlothBots - http://www.arch-os.com/projects/slothbots/ - qui viendront subtilement refermer une conversation d'un groupe des autres travailleurs ? Est-il éthique d'utiliser des technologies d
anonymous

Gartner Says That by 2017, 25 Percent of Enterprises Will Have an Enterprise App Store - 0 views

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    "Gartner Says That by 2017, 25 Percent of Enterprises Will Have an Enterprise App Store Growing Number of Enterprise Mobile Devices and Enterprise Adoption of MDM Will Drive Demand and Adoption of Enterprise App Stores Analysts Examine the State of the Industry at Gartner Application Architecture, Development By 2017, 25 percent of enterprises will have an enterprise app store for managing corporate-sanctioned apps on PCs and mobile devices, according to Gartner, Inc. Enterprise app stores promise greater control over the apps used by employees, greater control over software expenditures and greater negotiating leverage with app vendors, but this greater control is only possible if the enterprise app store is widely adopted.  "Apps downloaded from public app stores for mobile devices disrupt IT security, application and procurement strategies," said Ian Finley, research vice president at Gartner. "Bring your own application (BYOA) has become as important as bring your own device (BYOD) in the development of a comprehensive mobile strategy, and the trend toward BYOA has begun to affect desktop and Web applications as well. Enterprise app stores promise at least a partial solution but only if IT security, application, procurement and sourcing professionals can work together to successfully apply the app store concept to their enterprises. When successful, they can increase the value delivered by the application portfolio and reduce the associated risks, license fees and administration expenses."  Gartner has identified three key enterprise app store trends and recommendations of how organizations can benefit from them:  The increasing number of enterprise mobile devices and the adoption of mobile device management (MDM) by enterprises will drive demand and adoption of enterprise app stores. Enterprises already have numerous choices for downloading software onto PCs, but most of them don't include support for smartphones and tablets. Enterprises are beginning to f
Thierry Nabeth

Work in the Future Will Fall into These 4 Categories -- HBR - 0 views

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    Each of the four quadrants describes a different kind of organization, with different approaches to strategy, talent, and work: - Current state. Work resembles today, with similar technological connections and work arrangements, relying heavily on regular full-time employment. - Today, turbo-charged. Technology evolves, but management and workplace arrangements evolve more slowly. Traditional work relationships are supported by faster, better, and cheaper technology and systems such as personal devices and cloud-based human resource information. - Work reimagined. Here, new employment models evolve to include platforms, projects, gigs, freelancers, contests, contracts, tours of duty, and part-timers, but largely supported slower-evolving technology. - Uber empowered. An accelerated cycle of technology advancement and more democratic work arrangements fuel one another. New work and technology models include on-demand artificial intelligence, extreme personalization, and secure and accessible cloud-based work repositories.
hubert guillaud

Les scientifiques doivent être les fers de lance de l'usage éthique des Big D... - 1 views

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    Pour le physicien Albert-László Barabási, le spécialiste de l'analyse des réseaux, la façon dont la NSA recueille les données personnelles des américains a brisé le modèle traditionnel qui lie la science et la société. La plupart des technologies ont plusieurs usages (pensez à l'énergie atomique, au génie génétique...) et on ne peut pas pour autant décider d'arrêter toute recherche du fait des risques qu'elles comportent. Au lieu de cela, les scientifiques doivent faire preuve de transparence sur les risques et les abus possibles et parvenir à un consensus avec la société pour l'usage de ces technologies. Les scientifiques dont les travaux ont alimenté la NSA ont échoués à montrer les dangers de ces outils. Les politiques, enivrés par la puissance de ces outils, n'ont pas réussi à faire que leur utilisation respecte les cadres strictes de la constitution. Les Big Data sont un saint Graal. Ils promettent de mettre à jour les lois mathématiques qui régissent la société. Barabási explique qu'il a lui-même utilisé des données de millions d'utilisateurs de téléphone mobile pour faire des analyses, sauf que les siennes étaient anonymisées afin de ne pas nuire aux utilisateurs. Mais oui, la fouille de données peut être une arme, reconnaît le chercheur. Il peut être tout aussi dommageable que la bombe atomique. Il empoisonne la confiance. Il peut cibler des combattants, mais aussi des civils innocents. Utilisée comme une arme, elle doit être traitée comme une arme. Et Barabási d'en appeler au concept de la non-prolifération pour tenter de trouver une règle d'apaisement en rendant public les outils, en prônant le désarmement et l'utilisation pacifique. Pour cela, il faut tisser une nouvelle alliance avec la société en amendant les droits de l'homme par le droit de propriété de ses données. Il faut réaffirmer que les données (mon historique et modèle de navigation, mes habitudes de consommation, mon historique de
Aurialie Jublin

Understanding Fair Labor Practices in a Networked Age - 0 views

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    Internet-enabled technologies allow people to connect in unprecedented ways. Although everyday social practices are widespread and well known, these same tools are reconfiguring key aspects of work. Crowdsourcing and distributed labor technologies increasingly allow companies to outsource everything from mundane tasks (e.g., Amazon Mechanical Turk) to professional services (e.g., oDesk). Sharing economy - or peer economy - tools (e.g., Airbnb) allow people to barter goods or services or get paid for these exchanges outside of the dominant business framework. These services have enabled new forms of contract or freelance labor and reduced risk for companies; however, there is often an increase in risk for the associated laborers. At the same time, divisions between what constitutes work, hobby, and volunteerism get blurred, especially as many organizations rely on volunteer labor under the assumption that it's mutually beneficial (e.g., blogs and journalistic enterprises that republish work or see the offer of a platform as valuable in and of itself). While all of these labor issues have unmediated precedents (e.g., free internships), technology magnifies the scale of these practices, minimizes the transactional friction, and increases the visibility of unpaid and freelance work. Collectively, this raises critical questions about what fair labor looks like in a networked world, where boundaries dissolve and existing mechanisms of labor protection do not address the varied work scenarios now available.
Aurialie Jublin

Home | Harnessing Collaborative Technologies - 0 views

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    The report Harnessing Collaborative Technologies has identified seven distinct collaborative needs. Each need has its own inherent challenges that can be aided through use of technology tools. But, with so many tools to choose from, it's hard to know where to start. Now, with help from GrantCraft, you can start here. Explore our finder below to see how you can facilitate better funder collaboration.
Thierry Nabeth

Non-Technologists Agree: It's the Technology - 0 views

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    Two papers came out last year that examined important issues around jobs and wages. Both are in top journals. Both were written by first-rate researchers, none of whom specialize in studying the impact of technology. And both came to the same conclusion: that digital technologies were largely responsible for the phenomena they examined. Paper 1 Equally admirable are the graphs the authors draw to illustrate their main findings. Here's the one for jobs (the one for wages has a pretty similar shape). It gives the changes in employment share - which you can think of as changes in the the 'market share' of jobs - between 1980 and 2005. And it shows vividly that low-skill and high-skill jobs gained market share over that period, which those in the middle of the skill range lost. Paper 2 We document, however, that the global labor share has significantly declined since the early 1980s, with the decline occurring within the large majority of countries and industries. We show that the decrease in the relative price of investment goods, often attributed to advances in information technology and the computer age, induced firms to shift away from labor and toward capital.
Aurialie Jublin

How Technology Is Destroying Jobs | MIT Technology Review - 1 views

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    Résumé IA C'est l'un des sales secrets de l'économie : les progrès technologiques font croître l'économie et créent de la richesse, mais il n'y a pas de loi économique qui dise que tout le monde en bénéficiera." En d'autres termes, dans la course contre les machines, certains vont gagner alors que d'autres vont perdre.
Aurialie Jublin

The Future of Work - livre blanc de Esselte - 0 views

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    "As a result of the internet, new technologies, the huge increase in mobile or home working, part-time jobs and today's 'always on', 24/7 culture, we found that most people now spend more time working than sleeping. In fact by 2015 around 40% of the total workforce will be mobile. The reason for this is that work is no longer where the office is but for mobile workers it is wherever they are - be that their car, home, coffee shop, the airport, customer site or even on holiday. This is just one area our report identifies as having a massive impact on the way we work;" explains Richard Watson. Other factors covered in the paper include: Ageing workforces: By 2050 over 65's will represent around 50% of the working population in Europe Millennials and Gen Y: More tech-savvy than any other generation The generation gap: Millennials think senior management do not relate to them and use autocratic command and control structures Gender: The huge economic impact of getting more women in the workforce especially at senior levels. Eliminating the gap between male and female employment would boost GDP by 9% in US, 13% in Eurozone and 16% in Japan (Goldman Sachs). Mobile working: By 2015 new technologies mean 1.3 billion (or 40%) of the total working population will be mobile Security of Information: Workers will have their own devices (BYOD) and potentially work remotely creating huge security and data storage/retrieval challenges. Where will new talent for workforce come from? Talent scarcities worldwide mean that by 2030 the USA will need to add over 25 million workers to its talent base to sustain economic growth and Western Europe more than 45 million.
anonymous

The home page of Laurie Marrauld, Post-doctoral at Telecom ParisTech - 1 views

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    Post-doc à Télécom Paris tech :  "Mes travaux de recherche s'intéressent à la question de la mobilité « équipée » par les TIC (technologies de l'information et de la communication) et, plus précisément, aux facteurs d'adoption et de diffusion des nouvelles technologies de communication et de collaboration en milieu organisationnel. Dans ce cadre, nous nous intéressons à la notion du « télétravail » dans son acception la plus classique (le travail à domicile), mais également dans les réalités plus diverses qu'il pourrait aujourd'hui recouvrir. Cela signifie toutes les formes de « travail à distance » c'est-à-dire les formes d'organisation et/ou de réalisation du travail hors de la classique unité de temps et de lieu. Nous proposons une approche d'analyse sociotechnique des pratiques de travail « à distance » équipé dans la perspective de l'action située. Dans le cadre d'un projet de création d'une technologie innovante soutenu par OSEO, nous avons réalisé plusieurs études qui ont fait l'objet de rapports et de publications académiques. "
Aurialie Jublin

Trois questions à Nathanaël Mathieu, co-fondateur de Neo-Nomade et LBMG Worklabs - 1 views

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    Entretien avec le co-fondateur d'une start-up ayant pour objectif de mettre en relation l'offre et la demande de lieux de travail "à distance" de l'entreprise. Il propose un "diagnostic e-travail" à l'image du "bilan carbone" prenant en considération 4 paramètres : - immobilier (taux d'occupation conjugué avec le prix du mètre carré) - technologies (technologies utilisées, politique, outils, cloud computing) - ressources humaines (potentiel de télétravail pour les différents métiers de l'entreprise) - développement durable (accessibilité du siège, impact environnemental de transport de salariés)
Aurialie Jublin

Why new technology is draining meaning from your job - 0 views

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    Job insecurity and technology have created a crisis in today's workplace
Aurialie Jublin

Technology and jobs: Coming to an office near you | The Economist - 0 views

  • Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology’s impact will feel like a tornado, hitting the rich world first, but eventually sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it.
  • Worse, it seems likely that this wave of technological disruption to the job market has only just started. From driverless cars to clever household gadgets (see article), innovations that already exist could destroy swathes of jobs that have hitherto been untouched. The public sector is one obvious target: it has proved singularly resistant to tech-driven reinvention. But the step change in what computers can do will have a powerful effect on middle-class jobs in the private sector too.
  • One recent study by academics at Oxford University suggests that 47% of today’s jobs could be automated in the next two decades.
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  • At the same time, the digital revolution is transforming the process of innovation itself, as our special report explains. Thanks to off-the-shelf code from the internet and platforms that host services (such as Amazon’s cloud computing), provide distribution (Apple’s app store) and offer marketing (Facebook), the number of digital startups has exploded. J
  • f this analysis is halfway correct, the social effects will be huge. Many of the jobs most at risk are lower down the ladder (logistics, haulage), whereas the skills that are least vulnerable to automation (creativity, managerial expertise) tend to be higher up, so median wages are likely to remain stagnant for some time and income gaps are likely to widen.
  • The main way in which governments can help their people through this dislocation is through education systems. One of the reasons for the improvement in workers’ fortunes in the latter part of the Industrial Revolution was because schools were built to educate them—a dramatic change at the time. Now those schools themselves need to be changed, to foster the creativity that humans will need to set them apart from computers. There should be less rote-learning and more critical thinking. Technology itself will help, whether through MOOCs (massive open online courses) or even video games that simulate the skills needed for work.
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    "INNOVATION, the elixir of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers were swept aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has displaced many of the mid-skill jobs that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were."
hubert guillaud

IFTF : Technology Horizons - 0 views

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    En 2014, l'Institut pour le Futur compte travailler sur l'horizon des technologies via de nouvelles cartes combinatoires pour aider à naviguer dans le futur. Au menu de 2014, deux thèmes notamment : un sur le rapport homme machine, via les interfaces et les nouvelles modalités d'interactions et un autre sur les Maker Cities, du faire au refaire.
hubert guillaud

GitHub : le Hub d'innovation de l'internet - Technology Review - 1 views

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    GitHub a créé un réseau social où les programmeurs se réunissent, font le travail et ce sans patrons, e-mails ou réunions, souligne Tom Simonite pour la Technology Review. Github, avec ses 3,6 millions d'utilisateurs deviendra-t-il le prochain grand réseau social ? Et pourtant, ce n'est qu'un lieu de stockage, de mise à jour et d'échange de code logiciel pour développeurs. Un réseau social construit autour de la création d'objets de valeur, explique le PDG de ce Facebook pour geeks, Tom Preston-Werner. Cette plaque tournante de l'innovation logicielle dont les membres à 78 % viennent d'en-dehors des Etats-Unis est aussi devenu un des premiers lieux de recrutement de développeurs. La force de Github est de permettre de s'impliquer dans un projet facilement.
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    GitHub a créé un réseau social où les programmeurs se réunissent, font le travail et ce sans patrons, e-mails ou réunions, souligne Tom Simonite pour la Technology Review. Github, avec ses 3,6 millions d'utilisateurs deviendra-t-il le prochain grand réseau social ? Et pourtant, ce n'est qu'un lieu de stockage, de mise à jour et d'échange de code logiciel pour développeurs. Un réseau social construit autour de la création d'objets de valeur, explique le PDG de ce Facebook pour geeks, Tom Preston-Werner. Cette plaque tournante de l'innovation logicielle dont les membres à 78 % viennent d'en-dehors des Etats-Unis est aussi devenu un des premiers lieux de recrutement de développeurs. La force de Github est de permettre de s'impliquer dans un projet facilement.
Aurialie Jublin

Five Trends Shaping the Future of Work - Forbes - 0 views

  •  The technologies in the consumer web help encourage and support new behaviors such as creating communities, being open and transparent, sharing information and ideas, easily being able to find people and information, and collaboration.  These behaviors (and technologies) are now making their way into our organizations and are helping shape the future of work.
  • Virtually every collaboration platform today has a cloud-based deployment option.  This means that the barrier to entry is virtually zero.  Business units no longer need to wait for corporate approval or the blessing of IT to make investments in these areas.
  • Most organizations today are struggling to adapt to this changing workforce as baby boomers are starting to make their way out.  This is a big factor shaping the future of work as organizations seeking to attract and retain top talent are going to need to adapt.
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  • The idea of “connecting to work” is become more prevalent within organizations as they are starting to allow for more flexible work environments.  With an internet connection you can now access everything you need to get your job done.  The notion of having to work 9-5 and commuting to an office is dead.
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    "When it comes to the future of work there are a few key trends which business leaders need to pay attention to.  Understanding these trends will allow organizations to better prepare and adapt to the changes which are impacting the way we work.  These five trends are: 1) changing behaviors which are being shaped by social media entering the enterprise 2) new collaborative technologies 3) a shift to the "cloud" 4) millennials soon becoming the majority workforce and 5) mobility and "connecting to work.""
Aurialie Jublin

The 12 disruptive tech trends you need to know - 0 views

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    McKinsey's in-house think tank compiled a cheat sheet for the future of tech. People pay plenty of money for consulting giants to help them figure out which technology trends are fads and which will stick. You could go that route, or get the same thing from the McKinsey Global Institute's in-house think-tank for the cost of a new book. No Ordinary Disruption: The Four Global Forces Breaking All the Trends, was written by McKinsey directors Richard Dobbs, James Manyika, and Jonathan Woetzel, and offers insight into which developments will have the greatest impact on the business world in coming decades. Below, we're recapping their list of the "Disruptive Dozen"-the technologies the group believes have the greatest potential to remake today's business landscape.
Aurialie Jublin

Work in Transition | MIT Technology Review - 0 views

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    Dossier MIT - "Digital technologies are changing the nature of the jobs we do. What does that mean for the future of work?"
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