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"The Hittites were a people who once lived in what is modern Turkey and northern Syria. Most of what we know about them today comes from ancient texts that have been recovered. It would seem that the first indication of their existence occurred in about 1900 BC, in the region that was to become Hatti. There, they established the town of Nesa. Over the next three hundred years, their influence grew until in about 1680 BC, a true empire was born."

A ThinkQuest page with information, interactive ativities, galleries, links and vocabulary lists about Ancient Mesopotmia

"Map of the ancient Near East during the Amarna period, showing the great powers of the period: Egypt (green), Hatti (yellow), the Kassite kingdom of Babylon (purple), Assyria (grey), and Mittani (red). Lighter areas show direct control, darker areas represent spheres of influence. The extent of the Achaean/Mycenaean civilization is shown in orange. On the map above: the territory between Medes and Iberia was called Ararat or Armenia, around the lake Van."

Time line and map of ancient wines

"A team of archaeologists from Brigham Young University has uncovered an Egyptian cemetery that may have upwards of 1 million graves. NPR's Scott Simon explains they were commoners - not pharaohs."

"Computer animator Steve K. Simons and Greek warfare expert Dr. Sonya Nevin work together to develop moving parts from the static images on Greek pottery, much of it in the extensive collection of the University of Reading's Ure Museum. They collaborate with ancient music experts to create soundtracks that wouldn't sound out of place in one of the symposia depicted on the vases. It's a full-spectrum historical immersion achieved through modern technology."

" list provides access to all of the maps in the Maps for Students collection."

" list provides access to all of the maps in the Maps for Students collection."

"Our big idea is centreing aorund the idea of asking the question of what is a civilization and how did it form?  Why did culture arise?  How did the environment play a vital role in the growth and development of civilizations?  What aspects of civilizations are still around today?  For our final summative assessment we will build our own civilization!  "

"Our big idea is centreing aorund the idea of asking the question of what is a civilization and how did it form?  Why did culture arise?  How did the environment play a vital role in the growth and development of civilizations?  What aspects of civilizations are still around today?  For our final summative assessment we will build our own civilization!  "

"The sexagesimal part of this system survives in the modern era in units of time (seconds and minutes) and of trigonometry (360 degrees)."

"The sexagesimal part of this system survives in the modern era in units of time (seconds and minutes) and of trigonometry (360 degrees)."

"The Sumerian writing system was adopted and modified by other contemporaneous Mesopotamian people such as the Akkadians and the Babylonians. As a spoken language, Sumerian died out around the 18th century BCE, but continued as a "learned" written language (much like Latin was during the Middle Ages in Europe). In this way, Sumerian was used continually until the 1st century CE, making it one of the longest used writing system in history."

Breaking Ground may as well have been titled "Against all Odds," as the women archaeologists whose lives and careers we remember here faced innumerable challenges and difficulties but prevailed to contribute significantly to the expansion of our knowledge of the ancient world. Most entered this male dominated field at a time when few educational opportunities or careers were open to women. They excavated in countries where traditional, patriarchal societies did not generally allow women leadership or even public roles. Yet we found English women as early as the 19th century gaining government permissions to excavate in Egypt and Greece. We found women traveling alone through deserts and mountains and gaining acceptance from Bedouin tribes. We found them directing fieldwork using male workers whose own wives held subservient roles. The women archaeologists' rewards were almost purely intellectual, as many received no (or almost no) compensation for their demanding jobs, but of adventure there was plenty. Their activities were arduous, often dangerous, and required determination, stamina, a love of adventure, and certainly dedication.

"This unit focuses on the location of major rivers and the different landforms that are created by fluvial systems. How humans have manipulated rivers to become settled societies. The growth of different civilisations that have development along major rivers."

"Here is a little history: in 605 b.c.  the Babylonian army defeated the Egyptians in a battle."