September 24, 2011, 2:30 am
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Being Comfortable in Your Own Skin (Tone) - NYTimes.com - 1 views
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Being Comfortable in Your Own Skin (Tone)
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SURYATAPA BHATTACHARYA
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Suryatapa
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at the age of six
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Three months ago, I wandered into a salon in Kolkata with my mother and came
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face-to-
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face with a prejudice
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In the conversation between Suryatapa and the beautician, I noticed that people in India are trying insist people with dark skin to be more "whiter"
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The beautician made assumptions to Suryatapa that the cause of her dark skin is the result of roaming in the sun, but in fact, Suryatapa was born dark skinned. This tells me that in India, dark skinned people are not properly welcomed
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Suryapata's aunts and strangers make assumptions, statements, and suggestions to make her look "whiter," and this makes her very irritated.
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my beloved aunts, and maddening when strangers suggest my dark skin is something to be “fixed.”
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No one in India seems to think it unusual to try to slap some bleach, or a herbal equivalent, on my skin to reveal a whiter me.
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Darkie, Blackie and Kaalia
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WHen Suryapata was a kid, people are her called names like "Darkie", "Blackie", and "Kaalia." Even when she is an adult, old friends call her names, and when she pointed that out, the friend told she was too sensitive.
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My color defined me and it stuck.
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self-conscious.
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Kaalia, remember me? When I pointed out that it was insulting, I was called out for being “too sensitive.”
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“We called you that with love,”
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I have knowledge about neighbors, aunts, and strangers. Whenever they see you, they make staements, assumptions, and suggestions based on what you look. For instance, if you look skinny, they encourage you to eat more. If you look "dark," they make statements that you look really dark.
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Well-meaning aunts and their neighbors worried about my marriage prospects.
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Like that should justify the hurt.
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Suryapata's aunts worried that her being dark skinned could affect her marriage, so they are worried, and suggest using homemade concoction, little less sun exposure, and extra layers of sandalwood paste.
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Perhaps, they suggested, a little less sun exposure, or maybe a few extra layers of sandalwood paste or a homemade concoction that the neighborhood swore by?
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I believe that the aunts never give up because they want Suryapata to look "whiter". Until she is totally bleached, then they will stop making statements and assumptions about her.
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I wouldn’t let anyone touch my face.
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The aunts sighed but never really gave up.
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Instead, in this country, it is everyone’s business to correct it or cover it up.
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I realize now that in India, it is everyone's business to correct or cover up one's dark skin. Even though it is a personal thing, it is open to the public opinion.
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The personal is open to public opinion, whether it makes you squirm or not.
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Few Indians seem to be comfortable in their dark skin.
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So it is no surprise that a multi-billion rupee market in fairness products thrives in India.
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whitened versions of themselves, urging you to pick up a tube or two of the latest product.
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In this passage, the context relates to Vietnam. In the passage, it explains that in India, there are many advertisements and commercials on the latest product of lotions, soaps, and deodorants to make you "whiter". Similarly, in Vietnam and internationally, the market of products of whitening cream and other lotions or soaps is thriving. Everyone that is looking forward to a "whiter" skin is urging to buy these products.
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From lotions and soaps to whitening underarm deodorant; every body part it seems is could be a few shades lighter.
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Urban legends abound of how turmeric and milk, with their blood cleansing properties, had turned someone’s friend’s sister into a fair maiden – so I gulped down this vile concoction, gagged and never touched it ever again.
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adolescent weakness,
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I too was convinced to go on a regimen of drinking milk with crushed turmeric.
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When Suryapata was a teenager, like most teens nowadays, she was convinced in using products to make her look "better". But when she was an adult, she care less for these products and feel more comfortable and contented about herself. This shows that teens are usually not happy about the way they look, so they do stupid things that can harm themselves.
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As an adult I’ve become much more comfortable with the color of my skin.
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Before reading this article, I already know that in the US, having dark skin is a good aspect, and many people even look forward to tanning. But in India, people are being discontented by the dark skin.
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Over a decade of living in North America – where tans are pursued and Halle Berry is a beauty icon – helped that.
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So when I moved back to India, I was surprised and offended all over again, as I confronted people who still think porcelain skin is the epitome of beauty.
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society that embraced a wider spectrum of skin tone.
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Victorian ideas of beauty,
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“Do you do tanning?” I was dumbstruck and could barely stammer out a surprised “no.”
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In retrospect, her assumption says a lot about how Indians equate skin tone with beauty, confidence and social standing.
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Suryatapa Bhattacharya is the India correspondent for “The National” newspaper.
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After finishing reading the article, I realize that different cultures have different POVs and understanding.
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In India, having a dark skin is discourage. Suryapata, now an adult, tells of how her life is affected because of having a dark skin.
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"Before I Die..." An Abandoned Building Transformed Into a Public Bucket List - Cities ... - 0 views
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I can see that a lot of people support this kind of things because the wall was filled up in just a few days.
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The wall filled up in a single day when Chang put it up in late February.
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Since then, it has been washed clean and filled in again many times over.
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And a recent delay in renovations to the house has given the wall itself a new lease on life.
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The wall will refresh when it's filled up, and also let many other people to say their aspirations and interests out loud.
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I think it's okay to change the chalk after a day because chalk is not too expensive.
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It's an easy thing for any people to do this, so a lot of people wrote on the wall.
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Despite China's growth, its workers endure a fundamental evil | Hsiao-Hung Pai | Commen... - 0 views
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Migrants who toil in the cities still face a decades-old system of segregation and exploitation. But many are now demanding fairness
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Schools for children of migrant workers in China are being closed down.
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"We live under the same sky, why are we not entitled to the same rights?"
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migrant workers – who build the capital's offices and mansions, clean its streets and guard its security – have been shut down,
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Tens of thousands of migrant children are left without schools
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rural origin – a third of the city's 19 million population
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day-to-day inju
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stices
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hukou (household registration), set up in 1958
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control rural-to-urban migration
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Peasants' role was to produce and feed the cities and support the modernisation process of their motherland.
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as shown on their ID – no matter what they might choose to do. "Wo shi nongmin [I am a peasant],"
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Deng Xiao Ping's gaige kaifang (economic reforms and opening up), in the late 1970s.
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Agricultural production increased in the early stage of the reforms in "releasing the productive forces",
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half of the 400 million rural working population have been pushed off the land, seeking a livelihood away from their villages.
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As rural residents came to the cities, they immediately faced discrimination and exclusion.
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They spoke their own dialects instead of "proper" Mandarin. Many faced verbal abuse as soon as they arrived.
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the strict requirement for the unaffordable temporary residency permit, and the random street search by police.
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The criteria for applying for a hukou remain harsh, and unreachable for most migrants, and many work for years without any status.
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Without hukou,
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healthcare, education and housing.
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urban dwellers pay a minimal cost for medical care, many migrants have to return home for treatment.
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"These children aren't treated as everyone else. They're called the mobile students, who can't go to state schools. Their parents have for years sent their children to privately run schools without proper facilities or curriculum."
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hundreds such private schools were set up.
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government-funded National Development and Reform Commission
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admits it is an "institutional barrier"
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government has shown no wish to listen to migrant workers' demands.
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voice their discontent is by petitioning the local authorities
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Little happens as a result.
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Some suspect that migrant children's schools are being closed as a disincentive to future migration.
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protests, road blockages, sit-ins and spontaneous strikes.
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Hsiao-Hung Pai, Beijing
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Migrants who toil in the cities still face a decades-old system of segregation and exploitation. But many are now demanding fairness
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Migrant workers should have tell the police earlier so they won't be treated so violent.
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Why does the chinese people have to segregated themself, they're from the same country!
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Why do they have to treat people like that? They're all from the same country!
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Beijing "a city of violence"
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I think maybe the urban dwellers pay the government to be on their side and act ruthlessly to the migrant workers.
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Beijing's migrant worker slums
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which means that the migrant workers cannot move to other city or quit their job, they have to work there and got treat badly, ruthlessly.
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"I've had migrant workers tell me about their class origin, as if it were a stamp on your body for life. It was impossible for peasants to move their hukou to the cities." http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/sep/20/china-migrant-workers
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are ruthlessly segregated from the urban dwellers, economically, socially and culturally
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why dont the government get involve earlier if they already knew what's going on?
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Once the rural residents came to the cities, they immediately faced discrimination and exclusion??? that's so not fair and segregated.
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Migrants children are called the mobile students, who can't go to state schools.
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Urban childrens have free primary education while migrants children aren't be able to go to school because their parents cannot afford it. It costs 2/3 of their parents wages.
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Migrants workers continue to be burdened with the hukou system. So they won't be able to access any services in the cities like: helthcare, education or housing. While urban dwellers pay a minimal cost for medical care, many migrants have to return home for treatment.
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"Even the government-funded National Development and Reform Commission admits it is an "institutional barrier" and believes it should be scrapped. However, these institutions aren't in the position to change things. "Protection of migrant workers' rights" is a rhetorical statement of state organisations, but the government has shown no wish to listen to migrant workers' demands."
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What? the government has shown no wish to listen to migrant workers demands? Why? They think they're rich so they don't care about other people? These governments should be in jail!
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"Some suspect that migrant children's schools are being closed as a disincentive to future migration. " What??? There's no reason why they hate the migrants workers and childrens! They're all from the same root! They don't have a right to do this?
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"In recent years, migrants have raised their demands through protests, road blockages, sit-ins and spontaneous strikes. Although these have not always proved effective, workers have become more aware of their collective strength. In the past year they have won some improvements in wages and working conditions. Many migrant workers, now better informed, are far less willing to accept the status quo. As they grow in confidence, the regime will find it increasingly difficult to ignore their demands. China's rulers should realise now that it is in their long-term interests to listen." YES, they really should do this to show the government that they have a right to complain about what's right or wrong! If you're rich still doesn't mean that you have all the rights to do anything you want.
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In China, poor migrants who earn a living by working low calss jobs in Beijing is treated unfairly. The chinese public schools, especialy nursery schools, would not let the migrant's children be enrolled. Yet, migrants are treated differently than Beijing citizens, and they can't have a normal life.
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When does Copyright Protection begin, and what is required? - An Article by adni18 - 1 views
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When does Copyright Protection begin, and what is required? Copyright protection begins when any of the above described work is actually created and fixed in a tangible form. If you write a poem, your copyright over that poem begins as soon as you set it in tangible form by writing the poem down on paper. Your copyright does not begin when you register it. It began when you wrote the poem on paper. Registering a copyright is just taking the protection a step further so as to leave no room for doubt that one is the creator of a work.
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What happens if someone breaks the copyright law - 0 views
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You will get a fine, which is usually equivalent to the value of the work. In the worst case scenario, you can get a jail term as well.
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Copyright - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views
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A copyright is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to the creator of an original work or their assignee for a limited period of time upon disclosure of the work. This includes the right to copy, distribute and adapt the work. In most jurisdictions copyright arises upon fixation an
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d does not need to be registered
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Copyright owners can license or permanently transfer or assign their exclusive rights to others.
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Copyright now covers a wide range of works,
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How Long Does Copyright Last for? - 0 views
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Literary, Dramatic or Artisitic Works
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70 years after the year of a known author's death
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unknown authors it expires 70 years from the end of the calendar year
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which the work was first made available to the public
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produced by two or more authors then the copyright lasts for 70 years after the death of the last of the authors to die.
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Photographs
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protected for 70 years after the death of the photographer.
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Crown copyright then it applies for a maximum of 125 years
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Parliamentary copyright it applies for 50 years from the taking of the photograph
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Sound Recording, Broadcasts, Cable Programmes and Computer Generated Works
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lasts for 50 years from the end of the year they were made, released or first broadcast.
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Copyright lasts for various lengths of time depending on the work. The following is a general guideline: Literary, Dramatic or Artisitic Works Copyright lasts for 70 years after the year of a known author's death. For unknown authors it expires 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was first made available to the public. If a work is produced by two or more authors then the copyright lasts for 70 years after the death of the last of the authors to die. Photographs Photographs are protected for 70 years after the death of the photographer. However if they are subject to Crown copyright then it applies for a maximum of 125 years; if subject to Parliamentary copyright it applies for 50 years from the taking of the photograph. Sound Recording, Broadcasts, Cable Programmes and Computer Generated Works Copyright lasts for 50 years from the end of the year they were made, released or first broadcast.
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What is copyright? - 0 views
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Copyright protects the physical expression of ideas
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As soon as an idea is given physical form,
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Both published and unpublished works are protected by copyright.
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Copyright is normally owned by the creator(s)
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Copyright is a property right and can be sold or transferred to others
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Copyright is regulated by law
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How long does copyright last? - 0 views
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nature of the work
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time when it was made and whether it has been published.
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duration
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copyright works that have been published
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generally lasts for 70 years after the death of the creator
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some exceptions
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Literary
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musical works
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subsists indefinitely in a literary, dramatic or musical work that has not been published, performed in public, broadcast or sold as a recording during the life of the author
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work is posthumously made public in any of those ways, the copyright will terminate at the end of 70 years after that event.
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Artistic works
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asts for 70 years after the end of the year in which the artist dies whether or not it has been published
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copyright subsists in an engraving that is unpublished at the author’s death until 70 years after publication or otherwise indefinitely.
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Other subject-matter
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generally 70 years from the end of the year of first publication.
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If the film or sound recording is unpublished, the protection period is indefinite until it is published
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copyright in radio and television broadcasts is 50 years from the making of the broadcast.
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published editions of works lasts for 25 years from the year of first publication of the edition.
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the protection period is indefinite until it is published
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copyright protection for photographs taken before 1955, regardless of whether the author has since died or is still alive, has expired
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Copyright in the published editions of works lasts for 25 years from the year of first publication of the edition.
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Government owns copyright (ss 180-181)
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What happens if I receive a copyright infringement notice, and how can I avoid it? - Kn... - 0 views
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What happens if I receive a copyright infringement notice, and how can I avoid it?
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Downloading or distributing whole copies of copyrighted material for personal use or entertainment without explicit permission from the copyright owner is against the law
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Copyright law applies to materials such as music, movies, games, and other software in digital and analog format. File sharing applications such as KaZaA, BitTorrent, eDonkey, and LimeWire are not illegal, though many people using such applications share illegal materials, and don't have permission to distribute them
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you download a copy of one of these illegally distributed files to your own computer, even if you download only one song, you are committing an illegal action
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addition, purchasing a music CD generally does not give you the right to distribute or share the songs on it.
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law may permit the fair use of a copyrighted work for such purposes as teaching, scholarship, research, criticism, comment, news reporting, etc., don't assume that all such uses are "fair." Fair use depends on a balance of four factors: the purpose of your use, the nature of the work, the amount of the work used, and the effect of your use on the potential market of the work.
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The No Electronic Theft (NET) Act provides for serious criminal penalties, including a fine of up to $250,000 and a potential jail sentence. Lack of knowledge about copyright infringement laws will not excuse you from legal consequences,
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What Happens If You Break Copyright Laws? | eHow.com - 0 views
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While the majority of copyright law violations may go undetected or unpunished, copyright holders have the right to seek damages against those who violate their rights in the form of a civil lawsuit.
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Lawsuits are most commonly served against distributors of copyright content or people that have produced copies or have profited from reproductions rather than individual users viewing or using copies that others have provided.
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fined damages as well as fined for legal fees
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there may be criminal trial and possible jail sentencing or fines for copyright infringement.
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What is Copyright? - 0 views
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Copyright is a form of protection provided to the authors of “original works” and includes such things as literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual creations, both published and unpublished. Copyright does not protect ideas. It only protects the specific and original expression of the idea.
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When did copyright start globally - 0 views
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Modern copyright is based on the Statute of Anne, 1709, but international copyright agreements stem from the Berne Convention, 1886.
Copyright and Fair Use - UMUC Library - 0 views
U.S. Copyright Office - Fair Use - 0 views
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Copyright - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views
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laws usually protect
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owner of copyright for
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entire lifetime
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such as until 50 years after the author's death
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period has now been extended to 70 years in most cases
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period of copyright
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work is in the public domain
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means that no one owns the copyright
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ended
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everyone is free to copy
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use and change th
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em without
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ask for permission
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pay the owner.
