Social Studies 8

Lawmakers say the law could mean hundreds of millions of dollars a year going to the cash-strapped state. Paterson said it could be closer to $62 million. The state excise tax is $2.75 a pack.

"The issue here is not cigarettes, but the protection of the Nation's treaty rights. We will do what it takes at the right time to protect those rights."

highest level in 80 years

one in eight U.S. residents

immigrants

immigrants

nearly one in three immigrants is an illegal alien

Half of Mexican and Central American immigrants and one-third of South American immigrants are illegal.  

Since 2000, 10.3 million immigrants have arrived

(5.6 million) are estimated to be illegal aliens.  

increases in immigrants were in California, Florida, Texas, New Jersey, Illinois, Arizona, Virginia, Maryland, Washington, Georgia, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania.

The first, and longest, era stretched from the 17th century through the early 19th century. Immigrants came from a range of places, including the German-speaking area of the Palatinate, France (Protestant Huguenots), and the Netherlands. Other immigrants were Jews, also from the Netherlands and from Poland, but most immigrants of this era tended to hail from the British Isles, with English, Scottish, Welsh, and Ulster Irish gravitating toward different colonies (later states) and regions.

The numbers who came during this era were relatively small

changed, however, by the 1820s.

first era of mass migration

decade through the 1880s, about 15 million

immigrants made their way to the United States

this need was filled once again by immigrants arriving from Europe.

25 million arrived between 1866 and 1915

immigrants had come mainly from northern European countries such as England, Germany, and the Scandinavian countries

1880s most new immigrants were arriving from southern and eastern European countries such as Italy, Poland and Russia.

World War I in 1919, immigration declined dramatically

low through the Depression era of the 1930s and the World War II years of the early 1940s.

began to increase again during the late 1940s, and has risen steadily since that time.

The current phase of immigration history began in 1965, when strict quotas based on nationality were eliminated. In 1978, the United States government set a single annual world quota of 290,000, and this ceiling was raised again in 1990 to 700,000.

pace that at times has exceeded one million new arrivals per year