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The results indicated that the bat contained multi-walled CNT heterogeneously distributed throughout the epoxy binder of the carbon fibers. Moreover, confocal Raman microscopy was found to be an effective, efficient, and often non-destructive technique for routine determination of CNT distribution in composite materials. CRM also has the ability to distinguish CNT from other carbonaceous materials such as C60, polymers, or epoxies present in consumer products.

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Composite bats can be dangerous because the bat is manufactured to exceed performance criteria set by a rule-making body. Balls hit with composite bats are hit 15 percent faster than balls hit with a wooden bat. This means fielders are having less time to react, putting them at risk for injury. A composite bat can also be dangerous if it is structurally damaged. Structurally damaged bats could crack or break apart, injuring anyone present. Regulations Various leagues have different rules for the use of composite bats. Baseball participants can range in age from preschool children to adults. Many youth league organizations have banned the use of composite bats during practices and games. Testing and Inspection As of January 1, 2011, the NCAA employed a test to regulate the use of composite bats. The test determines the impact a composite bat has when it comes in contact with a ball. This new method will make previously acceptable bats illegal. However, older model composite bats are likely to be acceptable as long as their are no signs of damage. There are also tests conducted by the American Society for Testing and Materials. The organization has a test that gauges the ratio of the speed of a ball hit to the speed the ball is pitched at. Additionally, batters, parents, catchers, coaches and umpires should be aware of the dangers of composite bats. They should conduct repeated checks on the quality of the bat. Signs of cracking and damage should be brought to the attention of the umpire. The umpire has the right to ban a bat from the playing field. Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/349368-dangerous-composite-bats/#ixzz1jpKkgMUJ

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The first aluminum bat was manufactured by Worth in 1970. Approximately 30 years later, manufacturers such as Miken and Louisville Slugger began to experiment with carbon fiber composite bats. These bats quickly became commercially available as alternatives to aluminum alloy bats. Production Composite bats are created by layering sheets of carbon fiber in a weave pattern. This creates a thick, strong sheet of material. The carbon fiber is then wrapped around a bat mold and secured with adhesive. The mold is placed into a resin press, which heats the carbon fiber sheets into one uniform piece of composite metal. The bat is then wrapped, sanded, painted and weighed before being quality-checked and shipped to a distributor. Contrary to composite bats, aluminum bats are mass-produced, with very little human input. Aluminum alloy rods are drilled by a computer-controlled machine, then stretched to create a hollow form. This is then sanded and painted before being sent to retailers. Specifications Both aluminum and composite bats must adhere to rigorous specifications. If they do not, they are disqualified from league play. One of the most important factors is bat drop. This is a measurement, expressed as a negative number, that shows the difference between the length and weight of the bat. For example, a 34-inch, 28 oz. bat has a drop of minus-6. Each league has different rules for the maximum bat drop allowed in games. Aluminum and composite bats have similar bat drops. However, they have drastically different balance points. Carbon fiber is such a light material that a lot of a composite bat's weight is made up with weighted rods inserted into the handle. As a result, the balance point is closer to the handle and the bat is easier to swing. Criticism Both aluminum and composite bats have drawn criticism. Metal bats typically have a higher ball exit speed ratio (BESR)--the speed at which the ball is hit off the bat. In 2009, the NCAA banned composite b

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Late December 2010, the Little League banned composite bats, citing safety concerns. But for 11-year-old Jake Schutter, the move came seven months too late. On the evening of May 5, Jake had been pitching for his local team in Mokena when he was hit on the right side of his head with a ball that came too fast off the batter's composite bat. VIDEO: Learn more about soccer safety from Chicago experts During the hours of uncertainty after his accident, Jake was diagnosed with a skull fracture and hearing loss, initially thought to be a result of the internal bleeding. "After a month [of recovery], it was determined that he had suffered nerve damage," says Cheryl Schutter, Jake's mom. Jake can't hear from his right ear anymore. Schutter says she and her husband Robert couldn't believe the speed of the ball off the bat - in this case, made of the alloy scandium. "Our son is an exceptional athlete and we were stunned that he couldn't get away in time," she says. The National Collegiate Athletic Association banned composite bats in 2009, a rule that still stands and one the NCAA hopes to make even stricter. Last last year, the national Little League Baseball umbrella organization put a moratorium on the use of these bats, in a decision based on performance issues, according to Lance Van Auken, the league's vice president of communications. Composite bats are banned in the 2011 season unless they receive individual league clearance. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign physicist Alan Nathan, who has a special interest in the physics of baseball, says the problem with composite bats is that of ethics. Composite bats have a high "trampoline effect," meaning that the ball comes off faster because of the material used in the bat. When a ball hits a traditional wood bat, it gets compressed before taking off, and loses energy in the process, so it comes out more slowly. In a metal or composite bat, the bat compresses instead, so the ball retains most

Easton reports

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The game of baseball is highly regarded as American's favorite pastime. However, baseball has spread and gained quite large amounts of popularity in countries all around the world. The game of baseball is played on a large field, with nine players on each team. The game is played with a baseball and a bat. One of the most popular types of bats, for good reason, is the bats manufactured by Easton. Easton has been consistently setting the bar for baseball and softball products, producing some of the industries' best: playing gloves, batting gloves, helmets, catching gear and baseball bats. The first aluminum Easton baseball bat was produce in 1969. This was a ground breaking invention because baseball bats made from aluminum are much lighter and more effective than traditional wooden bats. These aluminum baseball bats are used all over the country by little leaguers, as well as high school and college players. However, aluminum baseball bats are not allowed to be used by professional players in Major League Baseball, because of the unfair statistical advantages they would give modern day players over pre-modern day players. The aluminum bats made by Easton, and all other aluminum bats, are also much more dangerous than traditional wooden bats; because baseballs fly off them at significantly higher speeds. This would decrease the time players would have to react to a base ball flying at them at speeds higher than one-hundred miles per hour. The danger for major league players would be the greatest due to their above average levels of strength and overall skill. Read more: Easton Baseball Bat - Everything About Easton Baseball Bats - Technology, Sports, Players, and Equipment - JRank Articles http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/cql6onn5nk/Easton-Baseball-Bat-Everything-About-Easton-Baseball-Bats.html#ixzz1jGHWYHMJ