Interesting thoughts. I am not sure why her students were so unlikely to watch the lectures because they would have to have done reading if they had not had the lectures to watch. It suggests that they were simply used to not doing homework ahead of her classes. I would be interested to know how people ensure that homework is done so that students can participate - I use objective summaries. My husband runs a flipped class and games base class in chemistry - his students - High School level - really value the format.