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Russian scientists claimed

they have discovered blood in the carcass of a woolly mammoth

An expedition led by Russian scientists earlier this month uncovered the well-preserved carcass of a female mammoth on a remote island in the Arctic Ocean

the head of the expedition, said the animal died at the age of around 60 some 10,000 to 15,000 years ago

it was the first time that an old female had been found.

what was

surprising was that the carcass was so well preserved that it still had blood and muscle tissue.

broke the ice beneath her stomach, the blood flowed out from there, it was very dark

the muscle tissue is also red, the colour of fresh meat

the lower part of the carcass was very well preserved as it ended up in a pool of water that later froze over. The upper part of the body including the back and the head are believed to have been eaten by predators

The discovery

gives new hope to researchers in their quest to bring the woolly mammoth back to life.

gives

a really good chance of finding live cells which can help

clone a mammoth

Previous mammoths have not had such well-preserved tissue

Last year,

signed a deal with cloning pioneer Hwang Woo-Suk of South Korea's Sooam Biotech Research Foundation, who in 2005 created the world's first cloned dog.

mammoth specialists from South Korea, Russia and the United States are expected to study the remains which the Russian scientists are now keeping at an undisclosed northern location

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) occurs naturally in the body and is essential to survival

CoQ10 works as an electron carrier in the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cells, to produce energy and is also a powerful antioxidant

CoQ10 levels are decreased in the heart muscle of patients with heart failure, with the deficiency becoming more pronounced as heart failure severity worsens

Double blind controlled trials have shown that CoQ10 improves symptoms, functional capacity and quality of life in patients with heart failure with no side effects

until now, no trials have been statistically powered to address effects on survival

study randomised 420 patients with severe heart failure

to CoQ10 or placebo and followed them for 2 years

primary endpoint was time to first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE)

unplanned hospitalisation due to worsening of heart failure, cardiovascular death, urgent cardiac transplantation and mechanical circulatory support

CoQ10 halved the risk of MACE

29 (14%) patients in the CoQ10 group reaching the primary endpoint compared to 55 (25%) patients in the placebo group

CoQ10 also halved the risk of dying from all causes, which occurred in 18 (9%) patients in the CoQ10 group compared to 36 (17%) patients in the placebo group

CoQ10 treated patients had significantly lower cardiovascular mortality

and lower occurrence of hospitalisations for heart failure

There were fewer adverse events in the CoQ10 group compared to the placebo group

CoQ10 is the first medication to improve survival in chronic heart failure since ACE inhibitors and beta blockers more than a decade ago

Other heart failure medications block rather than enhance cellular processes and may have side effects

CoQ10

is a natural and safe substance, corrects a deficiency in the body and blocks the vicious metabolic cycle in chronic heart failure called the energy starved heart

CoQ10 is present in food, including red meat, plants and fish, but levels are insufficient to impact on heart failure

CoQ10 is also sold over the counter as a food supplement but

Food supplements can influence the effect of other medications including anticoagulants and patients should seek advice from their doctor before taking them

Two forms of radiation pose potential health risks to astronauts in deep space. One is galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), particles caused by supernova explosions and other high-energy events outside the solar system. The other is solar energetic particles (SEPs) associated with solar flares and coronal mass ejections from the sun

NASA has established a three percent increased risk of fatal cancer as an acceptable career limit for its astronauts currently operating in low-Earth orbit

The findings,

Only about three percent of the radiation dose was associated with solar particles because of a relatively quiet solar cycle and the shielding provided by the spacecraft

In terms of accumulated dose, it's like getting a whole-body CT scan once every five or six days

Current spacecraft shield much more effectively against SEPs than GCRs. To protect against the comparatively low energy of typical SEPs, astronauts might need to move into havens with extra shielding on a spacecraft or on the Martian surface, or employ other countermeasures

GCRs tend to be highly energetic, highly penetrating particles that are not stopped by the modest shielding provided by a typical spacecraft.

RAD data collected during Curiosity's science mission will continue to inform plans to protect astronauts as NASA designs future missions to Mars in the coming decades.

June 3) depicts the suspected gas giant (called HD 95086 b) circling its young star (named HD 95086) in infrared light

HD 95086 b was sighted by ESO's Very Large Telescope in Chile. Based on the planet's brightness, scientists estimate that it is only about four or five times more massive than Jupiter

Only a few planets have been directly observed so far

The planet orbits its star at about twice the distance from the sun to Neptune and about 56 times the distance between Earth and the sun

The blue circle in the photo represents the distance between the sun and Neptune.

is relatively young star at only 10 million to 17 million years old, making the formation of the exoplanet and the dusty disc surrounding the star potentially intriguing to researchers

It either grew by assembling the rocks that form the solid core and then slowly accumulated gas from the environment to form the heavy atmosphere

started forming from a gaseous clump that arose from gravitational instabilities in the disc

Interactions between the planet and the disc itself or with other planets may have also moved the planet from where it was born

This project's still in the experimental phase, so it'll likely be quite a while before anyone can pick up a kit from the store

researchers made detailed follow-up observations of 300 of the stars Kepler found likely to be harboring exoplanets

One of the main findings of this initial work is that our observations indicate that most of the stars we observed are slightly larger than previously thought and one quarter of them are at least 35 percent larger

any planets orbiting these stars must be larger and hotter as well

By implication, these new results reduce the number of candidate Earth-size planet analogues detected by Kepler

Determination of accurate stellar sizes allows astronomers to more accurately identify which exoplanets are Earth analogs

total

stars observed by

team host more than 360 Kepler planet candidates, as some of the stars were found to have more than one satellite

year lasts only about 7.8 days

KELT-6b has no rings, its mass and size resemble the planet Saturn

The therapy stops autoimmune responses that are already activated and prevents the activation of new autoimmune cells

In the trial, the MS patients' own specially processed white blood cells were used to stealthily deliver billions of myelin antigens into their bodies so their immune systems would recognize them as harmless and develop tolerance to them

Current therapies for MS suppress the entire immune system, making patients more susceptible to everyday infections and higher rates of cancer

the study did show patients who received the highest dose of white blood cells had the greatest reduction in myelin reactivity

While the trial's nine patients

were too few to statistically determine the treatment

primary aim of the study was to demonstrate the treatment's safety and tolerability

the intravenous injection of up to 3 billion white blood cells with myelin antigens caused no adverse affects in MS patients

it did not reactivate the patients' disease and did not affect their healthy immunity to real pathogens

researchers tested patients' immunity to tetanus because all had received tetanus shots in their lifetime

One month after the treatment, their immune responses to tetanus remained strong, showing the treatment's immune effect was specific only to myelin

human safety study sets the stage for a phase 2 trial to see if the new treatment can prevent the progression of MS in humans

the trial, which has already been approved in Switzerland

patients' white blood cells were filtered out, specially processed and coupled with myelin antigens by a complex GMP manufacturing process

In the phase 2 trial we want to treat patients as early as possible in the disease before they have paralysis due to myelin damage

Then billions of these dead cells secretly carrying the myelin antigens were injected intravenously into the patients

The cells entered the spleen, which filters the blood and helps the body dispose of aging and dying blood cells

During this process, the immune cells start to recognize myelin as a harmless and immune tolerance quickly develops

This therapy,

may be useful for treating not only MS but also a host of other autoimmune and allergic diseases simply by switching the antigens attached to the cells

recently published research in mice in which he used nanoparticles—rather than a patient's white blood cells—to deliver the myelin antigen

Using a patient's white blood cells is a costly and labor-intensive procedure

study showed the nanoparticles, which are potentially cheaper and more accessible to a general population, could be as effective as the white blood cells as delivery vehicles

it's unclear

the old moon rover's mark is imprecise

37 kilometers is highly uncertain

Scientists now have high-quality images of the moon taken by spacecraft such as NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, and some of these photos even show Lunokhod 2's tracks

researchers could nail down the longstanding off-planet driving record if they wanted to

But he and his fellow Opportunity team members have no plans to do this work themselves