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Mars Base

Atoms at negative absolute temperature: The hottest systems in the world - 0 views

phys.org/...olute-temperature-hottest.html

scibyte77

shared by Mars Base on 05 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • According to the physical meaning of temperature, the temperature of a gas is determined by the chaotic movement of its particles – the colder the gas, the slower the particles
  • At zero Kelvin (-460°F or -273°C) the particles stop moving and all disorder disappears
  • These negative absolute temperatures lead to several striking consequences
Mars Base

'Walking robot' allows paralyzed man to move again | Fox News - 0 views

www.foxnews.com/...ws-paralyzed-man-to-move-again

scibyte77

shared by Mars Base on 28 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • Developed by the military to allow soldiers to carry heavy weights long distances, then adapted to use with paralyzed patients, this real life "Iron Man" uses two lithium batteries, motors, computer chips and a hand-operated console.
  • available at 30 hospitals around the country so far
  • Researchers at Vanderbilt University have developed the lightest model, under 30 pounds, and expect the uses and benefits of the exoskeleton to extend to patients with stroke and many other neurological conditions.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • I began to sleep better at night
  • spasms are decreased
  • better bladder control
  • the exoskeleton is good for the skin, muscles, bones, circulation, and it decreases the risk of blood clots and wounds
  • In the absence of a cure
  • using technological devices to help them to gain mobility and to be able to better care for themselves
  • this electrically powered robot where they actually can go distances without exhausting themselves
  • one downside, and that's the cost, which is up to $140,000 for a single unit
  • as more and more patients use it and the technology is simplified, the cost is expected to come down.
Mars Base

Mars Colonists Wanted to Explore Red Planet | Space.com - 0 views

www.space.com/-colony-astronauts-wanted.html

scibyte77 MarsOne

shared by Mars Base on 09 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • The Netherlands-based nonprofit Mars One, which hopes to put the first boots on the Red Planet in 2023, released its basic astronaut requirements
  • (Jan. 8),
  • televised global selection process that will begin later this year.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • anyone who is at least 18 years old can apply to become a Mars colony pioneer
  • important criteria, officials say, are intelligence, good mental and physical health and dedication to the project, as astronauts will undergo eight years of training before launch.
  • Mars One plans to launch a series of robotic cargo missions between 2016 and 2021, which will build a habitable Red Planet outpost ahead of the arrival of the first four colonists in 2023.
  • More settlers will arrive every two years after that. There are no plans to return the pioneers to Earth
  • fund most of its ambitious activities by staging a global reality-TV event
  • Well before the official Astronaut Selection Program, we received more than 1,000 emails from individuals who desire to go to Mars
Mars Base

Rare Water-Rich Mars Meteorite Discovered : Discovery News - 0 views

news.discovery.com/...rs-meteorite-found-120103.html

scibyte76 mars

shared by Mars Base on 04 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • A rare Martian meteorite recently found in Morocco contains minerals with 10 times more water than previously discovered Mars meteorites
  • raises new questions about when and how long the planet most like Earth in the solar system had conditions suitable for life
  • believed to be similar to those studied by NASA's Spirit and Opportunity rovers
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • known as Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034, is the second-oldest of 110 named stones originating from Mars that have been retrieved on Earth
  • Purchased from a Moroccan meteorite dealer in 2011, the black, baseball-sized stone, which weighs less than 1 pound, is 2.1 billon years old, meaning it formed during what is known as the early Amazonian era in Mars' geologic history.
  • The only older Mars meteorite found so far is the 4-billion-year-old Allan Hills 84001 Antarctica stone that was the source of speculation about microfossils in 1996
  • Early Mars was believed to be warm and wet, but the planet lost most of its atmosphere and its surface water to become a cold, dry desert that appears today
  • The time from when our meteorite is from is maybe a transitional period in the climate, when Mars was losing its atmosphere, losing its water on the surface
  • relatively rich in water -- about 6,000 parts per million -- compared with typical Martian meteorites that contain about 200- to 300 parts per million
  • similar to basaltic rocks on Earth that form in volcanic eruptions
  • NWA 7034, nicknamed "Black Beauty," also contains tiny bits of carbon, formed from geologic, not biological activity
  • Scientists don't know why more meteorites like Black Beauty haven't been found on Earth. The period of time from which they originated may be relatively short, or most may not survive the trip through Earth's atmosphere
  • This one does look completely different," he added. "It's jet black. The others are slightly greenish cast
  • After an initial battery of tests revealed the rock's unique nature, meteorite hunters returned to the area where it was found to search for other similar stones
  • took several months to get an idea of what it was
  • eventually realized there was no other conclusion but that it was Martian and that it was different from all the other ones
  • If it were similar, we would have known within one day," he added
  • Four more pieces, all smaller than the original, have now been found
Mars Base

Researchers debunk the IQ myth - 0 views

medicalxpress.com/...2012-12-debunk-iq-myth.html

scibyte76 IQ

shared by Mars Base on 23 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • After conducting the largest online intelligence study on record
  • research team has concluded that the notion of measuring one's intelligence quotient or IQ by a singular, standardized test is highly misleading
  • study, which included more than 100,000 participants
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Utilizing an online study open to anyone, anywhere in the world, the researchers asked respondents to complete 12 cognitive tests tapping memory, reasoning, attention and planning abilities, as well as a survey about their background and lifestyle habits.
  • expected a few hundred responses, but thousands and thousands of people took part, including people of all ages, cultures and creeds from every corner of the world
  • The results showed that when a wide range of cognitive abilities are explored, the observed variations in performance can only be explained with at least three distinct components: short-term memory, reasoning and a verbal component
  • No one component, or IQ, explained everything
  • scientists used a brain scanning technique known as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), to show that these differences in cognitive ability map onto distinct circuits in the brain.
  • Intriguingly, people who regularly played computer games did perform significantly better in terms of both reasoning and short-term memory
  • smokers performed poorly on the short-term memory and the verbal factors
  • people who frequently suffer from anxiety performed badly on the short-term memory factor in particular
Mars Base

Science Retractions: Top 5 Withdrawn Studies Of 2012 - 0 views

www.huffingtonpost.com/...ithdrawn-papers_n_2353421.html

scibyte76 Retraction

shared by Mars Base on 01 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Hyung-In Moon is a genius, says Hyung-In Moon
  • Korean scientist Hyung-In Moon took the concept of scientific peer review to a whole new level by reviewing his own papers under various fake names
  • Moon's research — which included a study on alcoholic liver disease and another on an anticancer plant substance — can't be trusted
  • ...33 more annotations...
  • admitted to falsifying data in some of his papers
  • , 35 of his papers have been retracted in 2012.
  • Peer review is a process in which scientific peers in the same field judge the merit of a submitted journal paper
  • editors at the Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry grew suspicious when four of his glowing reviews came back within 24 hours. Anyone who has ever submitted a paper for peer review knows that reviewers take weeks or months to reply
  • Math paper a big, fat zero
  • "In this study, a computer application was used to solve a mathematical problem"
  • Neither the one-sentence abstract
  • nor the co-author's e-mail address, ohm@budweiser.com
  • publishing this one-page gem entitled "A computer application in mathematics"
  • published in January 2010 but not retracted until April 2012, despite silly sentences such as "Computer magnification is a Universal computer phenomenon" and "This is a problematic problem."
  • retracted the paper because it "contains no scientific content." The editors chalked it up to "an administrative error
  • Maybe his failure doesn't feel better than success
  • The Dutch social psychologist Diederik Stapel
  • has found that,
  • failure sometimes feels better than success
  • The only problem is that his research appears to be either mostly or completely fabricated
  • work has appeared in top journals
  • his good looks and clever research topics made him a media darling
  • So far, 31 papers have been retracted
  • meat eaters are absolved: One of Stapel's studies, now suspected to be fabricated, found that meat eaters are more selfish and less social than vegetarians
  • Studies proposing a link between cellphone use and cancer often rely on weak statistics. This one just used fudged data
  • in 2008, scientists published a paper
  • stating that cellphones in standby mode lowered the sperm count and caused other adverse changes in the testicles of rabbits
  • although small and published in a rather obscure journal, made the news rounds.
  • In March 2012, the authors retracted the paper
  • the lead author didn't get permission from his two co-authors and, according to the retraction notice, there was a "lack of evidence to justify the accuracy of the data presented in the article."
  • Stem-cell cure for heart disease likely faked
  • biologist Shinya Yamanaka had just won the 2012 Nobel Prize for his discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), which are adult cells that can be reprogrammed to their "embryonic" stage
  • claimed at a New York Stem Cell Foundation meeting in early October to have advanced this technology to cure a person with terminal heart failure
  • Two institutions listed as collaborating on Moriguchi's related papers
  • denied that any of Moriguchi's procedures took place there
  • origuchi has admitted only to making some "procedural" mistakes
  • He is sticking to his story, however, that one patient was cured … at a Boston hospital not yet named
Mars Base

Tau Ceti: Sun-like star only twelve light years away may have a habitable planet - 0 views

phys.org/...ceti-sun-like-star-twelve.html

scibyte76 HabitablePlanet

shared by Mars Base on 23 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • An international team of astronomers has discovered that Tau Ceti, one of the closest and most Sun-like stars, may host five planets, including one in the star's habitable zone
  • twelve light years from Earth and visible to the naked eye in the evening sky, Tau Ceti is the closest single star that has the same spectral classification as our Sun
  • five planets are estimated to have masses between two and six times the mass of the Earth,
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • the lowest-mass planetary system yet detected.
  • One of the planets lies in the star's habitable zone
  • and has a mass around five times that of Earth
  • making
  • the smallest planet found to be orbiting in the habitable zone of any Sun-like star
  • The international team of astronomers
  • combined more than six-thousand observations from three different instruments and intensively modeled the data
  • Using new techniques, the team has found a method to detect signals half the size previously thought possible
  • We are now beginning to understand that nature seems to overwhelmingly prefer systems that have multiple planets with orbits of less than 100 days
  • researchers chose Tau Ceti for this noise-modeling study because they had thought it contained no signals
  • As it is so bright and similar to our Sun, it is an ideal benchmark system to test out our methods for the detection of small planets
  • Tau Ceti is one of our nearest cosmic neighbors and so bright that we may be able to study the atmospheres of these planets
  • researchers discovered this planetary system using data from three state-of-the-art spectrographs
Mars Base

Yo-yo dieting can hurt the heart, study finds - 0 views

medicalxpress.com/...12-12-yo-yo-dieting-heart.html

scibyte76 heart

shared by Mars Base on 14 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • women who lose weight and gain it back again may be increasing their risk for heart disease
  • Although cholesterol, blood pressure, triglycerides and blood sugar all improve with weight loss, with weight regain they all return to pre-diet levels and, in some cases, to even higher levels
  • r postmenopausal women considering weight loss, maintaining weight loss is just as important as losing weight
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • Even partial weight regain is associated with worsened diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors
  • studied more than 100 postmenopausal
  • took part in a five-month weight-loss program
  • continued to monitor the women for a year
  • During the weight-loss program the women lost an average of 25 pounds
  • After a year, two-thirds of the women had regained at least four pounds, on average regaining about 70 percent of the weight they had lost
  • Women who regained 4.4 pounds or more in the year following the weight-loss intervention had several worsened cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors
  • women who maintained their weight loss a year later managed to preserve most of the benefits
  • this study highlights the importance of not just losing weight, but the need to develop effective and enduring strategies so that this weight loss can be successfully maintained long term
  • People should be focusing on being healthy, not skinny,
  • create strategies for reaching and maintaining a healthy weight throughout their lifetime
  • Start with simple changes such as swapping seltzer for soda, keeping a daily food record, adding a salad to lunch and substituting a second vegetable for half the starch at dinner
Mars Base

Olympians live longer than general population... But cyclists no survival advantage ove... - 0 views

medicalxpress.com/...ulation-cyclists-survival.html

scibyte76 Olympian

shared by Mars Base on 14 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • second study comparing athletes who trained at different physical intensities, found that those from high or moderate intensity sports have no added survival benefit over athletes from low intensity sports
  • Olympic medallists live longer than the general population, regardless of country of origin, medal won, or type of sport played
  • those who engage in disciplines with high levels of physical contact, such as boxing, rugby and ice hockey, are at an increased risk of death in later life
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • researchers compared life expectancy among 15,174 Olympic athletes who won medals between 1896 and 2010 with general population groups matched by country, sex, and age
  • All medallists lived an average of 2.8 years longer
  • in eight out of the nine country groups studied.
  • Gold, silver and bronze medallists enjoyed roughly the same survival advantage, as did medallists in both endurance and mixed sports
  • Medallists in power sports had a smaller, but still significant, advantage over the general population.
  • study was not designed to determine why Olympic athletes live longer
  • possible explanations include genetic factors, physical activity, healthy lifestyle, and the wealth and status that come from international sporting glory
  • In the second study, researchers measured the effect of high intensity exercise on mortality later in life among former Olympic athletes
  • They tracked 9,889 athletes
  • who took part in at least one Olympic Games between 1896 and 1936
  • represented 43 disciplines requiring different levels of exercise intensity and physical contact
  • researchers did find an 11% increased risk of mortality among athletes from disciplines with a high risk of body collision and with high levels of physical contact, such as boxing, rugby and ice hockey, compared with other athletes
  • two public health experts point out that people who do at least 150 minutes a week of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity also have a survival advantage compared with the inactive general population
  • , they found that athletes from sports with high cardiovascular intensity (such as cycling and rowing) or moderate cardiovascular intensity (such as gymnastics and tennis) had similar mortality rates compared with athletes from low cardiovascular intensity sports, such as golf or cricket
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