Last year, Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos announced that he had located some of the Apollo F-1 rocket engines and planned to recover them
his Bezos Expedition team were successful in recovering engines that helped power Apollo astronauts to the Moon and have now brought “a couple of your F-1s home,”
There is no indication so far from Bezos of which flight these engines were from
The Remotely Operated Vehicles worked at a depth of more than 14,000 feet, tethered to our ship with fiber optics for data and electric cables transmitting power at more than 4,000 volts
bringing home enough major components to fashion displays of two flown F-1 engines
upcoming restoration will stabilize the hardware and prevent further corrosion
Mars explorer once again went into standby status as the result of a software discrepancy — although mission engineers diagnosed the new problem quickly and anticipate having the rover out of safe mode in a couple of days.
a very straightforward matter to deal with
can just delete that file, which we don’t need anymore, and we know how to keep this from occurring in the future
automated fault-protection action, entering ‘safe mode’ at about 8 p.m. PDT (11 p.m. EDT) on March 16,
It did not switch to the A-side computer, which was restored last week and is available as a back-up if needed. The rover is stable, healthy and in communication with engineers.
safe-mode entry was triggered when a command file failed a size-check by the rover’s protective software
Engineers diagnosed a software bug that appended an unrelated file to the file being checked, causing the size mismatch
another hiatus — this one planned — will commence on April 4, when Mars will begin passing behind the Sun from Earth’s perspective
Mission engineers will refrain from sending commands to the rover during a four-week period to avoid data corruption from solar interference.
Bee venom contains a potent toxin called melittin that can poke holes in the protective envelope that surrounds HIV, and other viruses
in addition to anti-viral therapy, the paper's senior author
has shown melittin-loaded nanoparticles to be effective in killing tumor cells.
The new study shows that melittin loaded onto these nanoparticles does not harm normal cells
because
added protective bumpers to the nanoparticle surface
When the nanoparticles come into contact with normal cells, which are much larger in size, the particles simply bounce off
HIV, on the other hand, is even smaller than the nanoparticle, so HIV fits between the bumpers and makes contact with the surface of the nanoparticle, where the bee toxin awaits
, an advantage of this approach is that the nanoparticle attacks an essential part of the virus' structure. In contrast, most anti-HIV drugs inhibit the virus's ability to replicate.
this anti-replication strategy does nothing to stop initial infection, and some strains of the virus have found ways around these drugs and reproduce anyway.
attacking an inherent physical property of HIV
Theoretically, there isn't any way for the virus to adapt to that
potential for using nanoparticles with melittin as therapy for existing HIV infections, especially those that are drug-resistant
Since melittin attacks double-layered membranes indiscriminately, this concept is not limited to HIV.
Many viruses, including hepatitis B and C, rely on the same kind of protective envelope and would be vulnerable to melittin-loaded nanoparticles
This week the Curiosity science team released its initial findings from its first ever drilled sample on Mars
Curiosity obtained her first drill sample and passed that sample on to her onboard analytical lab instruments, called CheMin and SAM
These powerful instruments tell us about what minerals are present in these rocks and whether they contain the ingredients necessary to sustain life as we know it.
When we combine what we have learned from our remote sensing and contact science instruments with the data that's coming in from CheMin and SAM, we get a picture of an ancient watery environment, which would have been habitable had life been present in it.
the information that we're getting from the CheMin instrument, tells us that the minerals that are present in this lakebed sedimentary rock at John Klein are very different from just about anything we've ever analyzed before on Mars
they tell us that the John Klein rock was deposited in a fresh water environment
This is an important contrast with other sedimentary environments that we've visited on Mars, like the Meridiani Planum landing site where the Mars Exploration Rover, Opportunity, has been operating since 2004.
At that site, the sedimentary rocks record evidence of an environment that was only wet on a very intermittent basis, and when it was, the waters that were there were highly acidic, very salty, and not favorable for the survival of organic compounds.
direct contrast to the fresh water environment we're seeing here at the John Klein Site
The SAM instrument is telling us that these rocks contained all of the ingredients necessary for a habitable environment
We found carbon, sulfur and oxygen, all present and a number of other elements in states that life could have taken advantage of.
these few tablespoons of powder from a Martian rock have provided the Curiosity science team with an exciting new dataset