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Mars Base

Scientists sense breakthroughs in dark-matter mystery - 0 views

phys.org/...oughs-dark-matter-mystery.html

scibyte82 scibyte83 DarkMatter

shared by Mars Base on 19 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Dark matter throws down the gauntlet to the so-called Standard Model of physics.
  • Elegant and useful for identifying the stable of particles and forces that regulate our daily life, the Standard Model only tells part of the cosmic story
  • it does not explain gravity, although we know how to measure gravity and exploit it for our needs
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • the Standard Model has been found to account for only around four or five percent of the stuff in the Universe
  • dark matter, making up 23 percent, and dark energy, an enigmatic force that appears to drive the expansion of the Universe, which accounts for around 72 or 73 percent.
  • The dark matter theory was born 80 years ago when Swiss astrophysicist Fritz Zwicky discovered that there was not enough mass in observable stars or galaxies to allow the force of gravity to hold them together
  • why dark matter has six times the energy that is in ordinary matter
  • could be 10 trillions times bigger
  • first results will be published in two to three weeks
  • High-powered instruments track cosmic particles
  • To track these phantom particles, physicists rely on several methods and tools
  • One is the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station (ISS), which captures gamma rays coming from collisions of dark matter particles.
  • only suggesting that these highly anticipated results would give humans a better idea about the nature of dark matter
  • Another tool used by the scientists is the South Pole Neutrino Observatory, which tracks subatomic particles known as neutrinos, which, according to physicists, are created when dark matter passes through the Sun and interacts with protons
  • Another
  • is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) near Geneva, the biggest particle smasher in the world
Mars Base

Has Dark Matter Finally Been Found? Big News Soon | Space.com - 0 views

www.space.com/ter-found-nasa-experiment.html

scibyte82 scibyte83 DarkMatter

shared by Mars Base on 19 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, a particle collector mounted on the outside of the International Space Station
  • first paper of results
  • in about two weeks
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • e said the results bear on the mystery of dark matter,
  • "It will not be a minor paper,"
  • important enough that the scientists rewrote the paper 30 times before they were satisfied with it
  • it represents a "small step" in figuring out what dark matter is, and perhaps not the final answer
  • Some physics theories suggest that dark matter is made of WIMPS (weakly interacting massive particles), a class of particles that are their own antimatter partner particles
  • When matter and antimatter partners meet, they annihilate each other, so if two WIMPs collided, they would be destroyed, releasing a pair of daughter particles — an electron and its antimatter counterpart, the positron, in the process
  • Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer has the potential to detect the positrons and electrons produced by dark matter annihilations in the Milky Way
  • was installed on the International Space Station in May 2011, and so far, it has detected 25 billion particle events, including about 8 billion electrons and positrons
  • This first science paper will report how many of each were found, and what their energies are
  • If the experiment detected an abundance of positrons peaking at a certain energy, that could indicate a detection of dark matter,
  • while electrons are abundant in the universe around us, there are fewer known processes that could give rise to positrons
  • The smoking gun signature is a rise and then a dramatic fall" in the number of positrons with respect to energy
  • he positrons produced by dark matter annihilation would have a very specific energy, depending on the mass of the WIMPs making up dark matter
  • Another telling sign will be the question of whether positrons appear to be coming from one direction in space, or from all around
  • f they're from dark matter, scientists expect them to be spread evenly through space, but if they're created by some normal astrophysical process, such as a star explosion, then they would originate in a single direction
  • There is a lot of stuff that can mimic dark matter,"
  • Regardless of whether AMS has found dark matter yet, the scientists said they expected the question of dark matter's origin to become clearer soon
Mars Base

After Higgs Boson, scientists prepare for next quantum leap - 0 views

phys.org/...-boson-scientists-quantum.html

scibyte82 HiggsBoson

shared by Mars Base on 16 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Seven months after its scientists made a landmark discovery that may explain the mysteries of mass, Europe's top physics lab will take a break from smashing invisible particles to recharge for the next leap
  • From Thursday, the cutting-edge facilities at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) will begin winding down, then go offline on Saturday for an 18-month upgrade
  • scientists said they were 99.9 percent certain they had found the elusive Higgs Boson,
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • The upgrade will boost the LHC's energy capacity, essential for CERN to confirm definitively that its boson is the Higgs, and allow it to probe new dimensions such as supersymmetry and dark matter
  • We need to increase the energy to look at more physics.
  • Over the past three years, CERN has slammed protons together more than six million billion times
  • espite the shutdown, CERN's researchers won't be taking a breather, as they must trawl through a vast mound of data
  • think a year from now, we'll have more information on the data accumulated over the past three years
  • Last year, the LHC achieved a collision energy level of eight teraelectron volts, an energy measure used in particle physics—up from seven in 2011
  • After it comes back online in 2015, the goal is to take that level to 13 or even 14, with the LHC expected to run for three or four years before another shutdown.
Mars Base

Meteor strike in Russia hurts almost 1,000 (w/ Video) - 0 views

phys.org/...ower-panic-central-russia.html

scibyte82 RussianMeteor

shared by Mars Base on 16 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • The fall of such a large meteor estimated as weighing dozens of tonnes was extremely rare
  • 950 people were injured, with two-thirds of the injuries light wounds from glass shards and other materials blown out by the shockwave
  • the ministry saying almost 300 buildings were damaged including schools, hospitals, a zinc factory and even an ice hockey stadium
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • At 9:20 am (0320 GMT), an object was observed above Chelyabinsk which flew by at great speed and left a trail behind. Within two minutes there were two bangs," regional emergencies official Yuri Burenko
  • office of the local governor said that a meteorite had fallen into a lake outside the town of Chebarkul in the Chelyabinsk region and television images pointed to a six-metre (20-foot) hole in the frozen lake's ice
  • it has yet to be finally confirmed if meteorite fragments made contact with the Earth and there were no reports that any locals had been hurt directly by a falling piece of meteorite
  • the shock wave blew out windows amid temperatures as low as minus 18 degrees Celsius (zero degrees Fahrenheit
  • Russian Academy of Sciences
  • estimated the body to be several metres long and weighing several dozen tonnes
  • The meteor explosion appears to be one of the most stunning cosmic events above Russia since the 1908 Tunguska Event
  • With the meteor quickly a leading trend on Twitter
  • locals posted amateur footage on YouTube showing men swearing in surprise and fright, and others grinding their cars to a halt
  • virtually impossible" to spot objects such as the meteor that struck Russia, which he called a "tiny asteroid", ahead of time against a daytime sky
  • The Chelyabinsk region is Russia's industrial heartland
  • huge facilities that include a nuclear power plant and the massive Mayak atomic waste storage and treatment centre
  • radiation levels in the region also did not change and that 20,000 rescue workers had been dispatched to help the injured and locate those requiring help
Mars Base

Asteroid 2012 DA14 to Safely Pass Earth NASA ANIMATION VIDEO - YouTube - 0 views

www.youtube.com/watch

scibyte82 NearEarthObject

shared by Mars Base on 16 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Asteroid 2012 DA14 to Safely Pass Earth NASA ANIMATION VIDEO
  • e the closest known approach to Earth for an object its size.
Mars Base

NASA - Asteroid 2012 DA14 - Earth Flyby Reality Check - 0 views

www.nasa.gov/...asteroidflyby.html

scibyte82 meteor

shared by Mars Base on 15 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • NASA statement on Russia meteor
  • the trajectory of the Russia meteor was significantly different than the trajectory of the asteroid 2012 DA14, making it a completely unrelated object
Mars Base

Russian Meteor Not Related to Asteroid Flyby, NASA Confirms - 0 views

www.universetoday.com/...o-asteroid-flyby-nasa-confirms

scibyte82 RussianMeteor NearEarthObject

shared by Mars Base on 16 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • February 15, 2013
  • The meteor that streaked over the skies of Russia
  • not related to the asteroid that
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • whiz past Earth later today, (Feb.15
  • the trajectory of the Russian meteorite was significantly different than the trajectory of the asteroid 2012 DA14, making it a completely unrelated object
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