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Mars Base

New Mineral Found in Meteorite is From Solar System's Beginnings - 0 views

www.universetoday.com/...-from-solar-systems-beginnings

scibyte53 meteorite

shared by Mars Base on 27 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Scientists have discovered a new mineral embedded in a meteorite that fell to Earth over 40 years ago, and it could be among the oldest minerals, formed in the early days of our solar system
  • Panguite is an especially exciting discovery since it is not only a new mineral, but also a material previously unknown to science
  • meteorite arrived at Earth in 1969 as an exploding fireball in the skies over Mexico, scattering thousands of pieces of meteorites across the state of Chihuahua
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • largest carbonaceous chondrite
  • ever found on our planet and is considered by many the best-studied meteorite in history
  • the new mineral is likely among the first solid objects formed in our solar system and could date back to over 4 billion years ago, before the formation of Earth and the other planets.
Mars Base

Library of Congress Acquires Sagan's Personal Collection, Thanks to Seth MacFarlane - 0 views

www.universetoday.com/...tion-thanks-to-seth-macfarlane

scibyte53 cosmos CarlSagan SethMacFarlane

shared by Mars Base on 27 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Carl Sagan’s personal archive — a comprehensive collection of papers contained within 798 boxes — was delivered to the Library of Congress recently for sorting… thanks in no small part to “Family Guy” creator Seth MacFarlane
  • MacFarlane provided an “undisclosed sum of money” to the Library to purchase the collection from Sagan’s widow Ann Druyan, who had kept the papers preserved in storage
  • MacFarlane has been working to bring Sagan’s Cosmos series back to television, with Neil deGrasse Tyson reprising Sagan’s role
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Tyson who introduced MacFarlane to Druyan, and apparently got a peek at the astrophysicist’s impressive collection of papers, which “ranges from childhood report cards to college term papers to eloquent letters written just before his untimely death in 1996 at age 62.”
  • organization, a process expected to take several months
  • files labeled F/C, for ‘fissured ceramics,’ Sagan’s code name for letters from crackpots
Mars Base

More clues soon in hunt for Higgs particle - 0 views

phys.org/...2-07-clues-higgs-particle.html

scibyte53 HiggsBoson

shared by Mars Base on 01 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • On Monday, scientists working at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) in the midwestern US state of Illinois will announce their latest Higgs search results based on data from Tevatron experiments there.
  • The Tevatron
  • closed down last year, but physicists have continued to scrutinize its data in the hunt for the Higgs.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • physicists have double the data they had last year
Mars Base

Expedition 31 Crew Lands Safely in Kazakhstan - YouTube - 0 views

www.youtube.com/watch

scibyte53 iss

shared by Mars Base on 01 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Expedition 31
  • safely on the steppe of Kazakhstan near the town of Dzhezkazgan on July 1, 2012
Mars Base

Peter Higgs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/Peter_Higgs

scibyte53 HiggsBoson

shared by Mars Base on 04 Jul 12 - Cached
  • Peter Ware Higgs, FRS, FRSE, FKC
  • British theoretical physicist and emeritus professor at the University of Edinburgh
  • so-called Higgs mechanism, which was proposed by several physicists besides Higgs at about the same time, predicts the existence of a new particle, the Higgs boson (often described as "the most sought-after particle in modern physics
Mars Base

New Particle at World's Largest Atom Smasher is Likely Higgs Boson | LHC | Space.com - 0 views

www.space.com/son-particle-lhc-findings.html

scibyte53 HiggsBoson

shared by Mars Base on 04 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Physicists are more than 99 percent sure that they've found a new elementary particle that is likely the long-sought Higgs boson.
  • they'd seen a particle weighing roughly 125 times the mass of the proton
  • it must be a boson and it’s the heaviest boson ever found
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • The Higgs
  • is thought to hold the key to one of the mysteries of the universe: Why do things have mass?
  • statistics reach a level called 5 sigma, meaning that there is only a one in 3.5 million chance the signal isn't real.
  • data clear signs of a new particle, at the level of 5 sigma, in the mass region around 126 GeV
  • GeV stands for gigaelecton volts
  • Today's findings come from the two general-purpose experiments at LHC, ATLAS and CMS. Both observed particle collisions independently and analyzed their observations separately
  • scientists from each team were not allowed to tell each other what they found until today, for fear their results would bias the other experiment's researchers toward looking for the same results.
Mars Base

Higgs-like Particle Discovered at CERN - 0 views

www.universetoday.com/...ke-particle-discovered-at-cern

scibyte53 HiggsBoson

shared by Mars Base on 04 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • According to the theory, a particle acquires mass through its interaction with the Higgs field, which is believed to pervade all of space and has been compared to molasses that sticks to any particle rolling through it.
  • the Higgs would be responsible for how particles come together to form matter, and without it, the universe would have remained a formless miss-mash of particles shooting around at the speed of light.
Mars Base

At Long Last, Physicists Discover Famed Higgs Boson - ScienceNOW - 0 views

news.sciencemag.org/...-last-physicists-discover.html

scibyte53 HiggsBoson

shared by Mars Base on 04 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Both the CMS (top) and the ATLAS (bottom) detectors see evidence of the Higgs boson decaying into a pair of photons in the form of a peak in a so-called mass plot. The agreement of the two peaks and other data clinch the discovery of the Higgs.
  • CMS detector see clear signs of the Higgs decaying into two photons
  • From the energies of the two photons, physicists can infer the mass of their supposed parent particle
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • peak atop a background produced by random photon pairs
  • signals the presence of a Higgs-like particle with a mass of 125 giga-electron volts (GeV) or about 133 times the mass of the proton
  • CMS researchers also see evidence of the Higgs decaying to a pair of particles called W bosons or a pair of particles called Z bosons
  • ATLAS team sees a similar peak in the mass plot for Higgses decaying into photon pairs
  • ATLAS researchers also see the Higgs decaying into Z bosons and other combinations of particles
  • Taken together, ATLAS's signals just meet the 5 sigma standard of discovery, Gianotti reported, earning immediate applause
  • in 1970, theorists predicted the existence of a particle called the charm quark; two experimenters independently discovered the particle in 1974, for which they received the Nobel Prize in physics 2 years later
  • In 1968, theorists predicted the existence of the W and Z bosons; in 1983, those particles were also discovered
  • won the Nobel Prize in
  • won it in 1984
  • Physicists say that conceptual holes in the standard model strongly suggest that the theory is incomplete
  • in the standard model interactions between the Higgs and the other particles ought to force the mass of the Higgs to skyrocket to a value a trillion times larger
  • that doesn't happen
  • most physicists suspect there are new particles out there that somehow counteract ballooning of the Higgs mass.
  • But will such particles have low enough masses to be discovered with any conceivable human-made atom smasher? "There's absolutely no guarantee,"
  • Peter Higgs
Mars Base

CERN physicists report strong evidence of Higgs boson (w/ live video from CERN) - 0 views

phys.org/...-strong-evidence-particle.html

scibyte53 HiggsBoson

shared by Mars Base on 05 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Joe Incandela, leader of one of the teams known as CMS, told scientists at the European Center for Nuclear Research, or CERN, that his team of 2,100 scientists has "observed" a new particle that is a boson
  • data as consistent with the elusive Higgs boson
  • stopped short of definitively declaring discovery of the Higgs boson.
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • they have discovered a new particle that is consistent with the long-sought Higgs boson
  • which is believed to give all matter in the universe size and shape
  • We observe in our data clear signs of a new particle, at the level of 5 sigma, in the mass region around 126 GeV
  • it must be a boson and it’s the heaviest boson ever found
  • A more complete picture of today’s observations will emerge later this year after the LHC provides the experiments with more data.
  • The next step will be to determine the precise nature of the particle
  • LHC will continue running until the end of this year, and is expected to deliver twice as much data as we have so far
  • After that, it will be upgraded, and will be able to run at higher energy, which will help with the measurements.
  • . In the Standard Model (the simplest theory which describes the fundamental subatomic particles and the forces between them) it is hypothesized that there is only one Higgs Boson
  • in the Supersymmetric Model (which, unlike the Standard Model, incorporates the physics of dark energy and the full theory of gravitation) there could be up to five Higgs Boson
  • how will they know if it is one of many?
  • detailed decay properties of a supersymmetric Higgs Boson are different from those of the Standard Model version. Therefore, with sufficiently precise data we will be able to tell the difference
  • Supersymmetry is an extension of the Standard Model, rather than a replacement
  • The Standard Model will always remain as an excellent description of Nature at energies below those explored at the LHC
  • similar to the way in which Einstein’s General Relativity is the best description of very strong gravitational fields, but Newton’s gravity works perfectly well for almost all normal situations.
Mars Base

Smart headlights let drivers see between the raindrops - 0 views

phys.org/...dlights-drivers-raindrops.html

scibyte53 headlight

shared by Mars Base on 05 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • During low-light conditions, drivers rely mainly on headlights to see the road but the same headlights reduce visibility when light is reflected off of precipitation back to the driver
  • Carnegie Mellon professor and his team
  • Computer science professor Srinivasa Narasimhan
  • ...22 more annotations...
  • stream light in between the drops
  • answer consists of a co-located imaging and illumination system-- camera, projector, and beamsplitter
  • integrate an imager and processing unit with a light source
  • camera images the precipitation at the top of the field of view
  • processor can tell where the drops are headed and sends a signal to the headlights
  • make their adjustments and react to dis-illuminate the particles
  • entire action, starting from capture to reaction, takes about 13 ms.
  • system runs at 120 Hz. The camera uses a 5 ms exposure time and the system has a total latency of 13 ms
  • how fast will the system need to be, to be actually effective, in a car
  • simulations show that a system operating near 1,000 Hz, with a total system latency of 1.5 ms, and exposure time of 1 ms can achieve 96.8% accuracy
  • 90% light throughput during a heavy rainstorm [25 mm/hr] on a vehicle traveling 30 km/hr
  • 400 Hz with less accuracy will be a significant [>= 70%] improvement for the driver
  • operating range is about 13 feet in front of the headlights
  • recent computer vision methods that digitally remove rain and snow streaks from captured images
  • simulation results show that it is possible to maintain light throughput well above 90 percent for various precipitation types and
  • prototype system operating at 120Hz on laboratory-generated rain, which validated their earlier simulations
  • prototype consists of a camera with gigabit ethernet interface (Point Grey, Flea3), DLP projector (Viewsonic, PJD62531), and desktop computer with Intel architecture (Intel i7 quad core processor).
  • next steps will involve making the system faster and more compact to test on a moving platform
  • research for those ends may take three to four more years and “commercializing it as a product will take additional years.”
  • the prototype was built with off-the-shelf components
  • data transfer speed is slower than if the components were more closely integrated
  • more sophisticated algorithms are needed to maximize system speed and account for factors such as vehicle motion and wind turbulence
Mars Base

Cosmology group finds measurable evidence of dark matter filament - 0 views

phys.org/...up-evidence-dark-filament.html

scibyte53 DarkMatter

shared by Mars Base on 05 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • As time passes and more research is done, more evidence is compiled supporting the theory that suggests that dark matter is a real thing, even though no direct evidence for its existence has ever been found
  • evidence comes about as measurements of other phenomenon are taken, generally involving gravitational pull on objects in the universe we can see that cannot be explained by other means
  • One of these instances is where weak gravitational lensing occurs, which is where light appears to bend as it passes by large objects
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • Theory suggests that in cases where lensing occurs but there is no detectable object behind its cause, the reason for it is dark matter exerting a gravitational influence
  • That has been the case with what are known as filaments; gravitational effects that connect galactic superclusters, keeping them bound together.
  • Abell 222/223 is a galactic supercluster system in the constellation Cetus. It’s made up of two parts, 222 and 223, separated by a gas cloud and something else that cannot be seen
  • Dietrich and his team found that lensing occurred as light behind the gas cloud made its way to us by passing between the two parts
  • after careful study and mathematical analysis, they found that the observable matter that existed in the gas cloud could only account for about nine percent of the mass required to cause the degree of lensing that was occurring
  • the only possible explanation was that dark matter in the shape of a filament was the cause.
  • results
  • are doubly interesting
  • they strengthen all of the theories surrounding dark matter
  • because the team has found a means of not just demonstrating an example of dark matter at work, but have done so in a way that is so precise that they were able to determine the actual shape of a dark matter filament
  • measurements of lensing were taken at different parts of the area between 222 and 223 showing different degrees of light bending
  • only possible because of the unique way the supercluster is situated relative to us, allowing a nearly straight on view
Mars Base

Quantum Diaries - 0 views

www.quantumdiaries.org/...he-way-towards-new-discoveries

scibyte53 HiggsBoson

shared by Mars Base on 06 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • All theorists today agree that our current theoretical model has its limits
  • the Standard Model
  • has more than 100 free parameters, making it impossible to obtain predictions without assigning fixed values to some of these parameters
Mars Base

CERN - Glossary - 0 views

public.web.cern.ch/...Glossary-en.php

scibyte53 HiggsBoson

shared by Mars Base on 08 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Boson The collective name given to the particles that carry forces between particles of matter
  • Higgs boson A particle predicted by theory. It is linked with the mechanism by which physicists think particles acquire mass.
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