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Bright Comet May Be Visible to Naked Eye in March | Space.com - 0 views

  • A comet that shines as brightly as the stars of the Big Dipper could be heading our way in March
  • the Comet Pan-STARRS is expected to whiz by about 100 million miles from Earth, skimming the orbit of Mercury, early next month.
  • could fail to put on a dazzling show if it falls apart under the intense heat and gravitational pull of its plunge toward the sun
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  • if it survives, Comet Pan-STARRS might send an amazing stream of gas and dust into the night sky
  • Pan-STARRS should be very active, producing a lot of dust and therefore a nice dust tail
  • it could still be difficult to see
  • From our point of view on Earth, the comet will be very close to the sun
  • it is only observable in twilight when the sky is not fully dark
  • comes from the Oort Cloud,
  • discovered in June 2011 by the Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System, or Pan-STARRS telescope, in Hawaii
  • nearest approach to Earth on March 5, when it will come be about 100 million miles (160 million kilometers) away
  • the best time to look for it might be at sunset March 12 and 13, when the comet will appear not far from the crescent moon
  • The comet's tail will probably require binoculars or a small telescope
Mars Base

New look at HD 10180 shows it might have nine planets - 0 views

  • after looking at data regarding the solar system surrounding the star HD 10180, that it likely has nine planets making it the most highly populated solar system known to man
  • after studying slight wobbles by the star as it’s tugged by planetary gravitation, he found what he believes is confirmation of a seventh planet, and evidence for two more
  • HD 10180 is about 130 light years away from us
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  • first noted by astronomers in 2010
  • it was thought the solar system consisted of just five planets
  • speculation that it might have as many as seven
  • other work has shown that there are likely six planets, five of which are believed to have a mass close to that of Neptune
  • other appears closer in mass to Saturn
  • to these conclusions by studying the way a star appears to wobble (a Doppler shift
  • studying these light shifts, astronomers can deduce not only the size of the planet that causes it, but its period as well
  • didn’t make any new observations
  • he went back and looked at the original data using different kinds of statistical analysis techniques
  • found evidence for three more planets, all much smaller than the original six
  • estimates to be 1.3, 1.9, and 5.1 times the size of Earth
  • much shorter periods (1.2, 10 and 68 days) than
  • they are very close to their star, closer even than Mercury is to our sun
  • far too hot to support water retention or life, at least as we know it.
  • doesn’t actually prove that any of the planets suspected of revolving around HD 10180 actually exist
  • merely offers strong evidence
  • statistical evidence offered by Tuomi suggesting that if there are truly planets there, they all appear to have stable orbits.
Mars Base

Alien Super-Earth Light Seen for 1st Time | Exoplanet Search | Space.com - 0 views

  • Light from an alien "super-Earth" twice the size of our own Earth has been detected by a NASA space telescope for the first time
  • spotted light from the alien planet 55 Cancri e, which orbits a star 41 light-years from Earth
  • A year on the extrasolar planet lasts just 18 hours
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  • 55 Cancri e was first discovered in 2004 and is not a habitable world
  • The world is about twice the width of Earth and is super-dense, with about eight times the mass of Earth.
  • until now, scientists have never managed to detect the infrared light from the super-Earth world.
  • pioneering the study of atmospheres of distant planets and paving the way for NASA's upcoming James Webb Space Telescope
  • Spitzer first detected infrared light from an alien planet in 2005
  • that world was "hot Jupiter," a gas giant planet much larger than 55 Cancri e that orbited extremely close to its parent star
  • other telescopes have performed similar feats
  • Spitzer's view of the 55 Cancri e is the first time the light from a rocky super-Earth type planet has been seen
  • Since the discovery of 55 Cancri e, astronomers have pinned down increasingly strange features about the planet
  • already knew it was part of an alien solar system containing five exoplanets centered on the star 55 Cancri in the constellation Cancer
  • But 55 Cancri e stood out because it is ultra-dense and orbits extremely close to its parent star
  • 26 times closer than the distance between Mercury and our own sun
  • observations revealed that the star-facing side of 55 Cancri e
  • temperatures reaching up to 3,140 degrees Fahrenheit (1,726 degrees Celsius).
  • likely a dark world that lacks the substantial atmosphere needed to warm its nighttime side
  • the planet is oozing
  • Past observations of the planet by the Spitzer Space Telescope have suggested that one-fifth of 55 Cancri e is made up of lighter elements, including water
  • the extreme temperatures and pressures on 55 Cancri e would create what scientists call a "supercritical fluid" state
  • Supercritical fluids can be imagined as a gas in a liquid state, which can occur under extreme pressures and temperatures
  • On Earth, water can become a supercritical fluid inside some steam engines.
  • This graphic illuminates the process by which astronomers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have for the first time detected the light from a super-Earth planet, the alien world of 55 Cancri e 41 light-years from Earth.
  • planet is likely a rocky world covered with water in a supercritical fluid state and topped off with a steam blanket
  • could be very similar to Neptune, if you pulled Neptune in toward our sun and watched its atmosphere boil away
  • detailed in the Astrophysical Journal
  • Spitzer Space Telescope launched in 2003
  • telescope engineers modified several settings on the observatory to optimize its alien planet vision
  • conceived of Spitzer more than 40 years ago
Mars Base

Listen to solar storm activity in new sonification video - 0 views

  • What does a solar storm sound like
  • Take a listen
  • sonification of the recent solar storm activity turns data from two spacecraft into sound
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  • measurements from the NASA SOHO spacecraft and the University of Michigan's Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer (FIPS) on NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft at Mercury
  • creator is Robert Alexander, a design science doctoral student at the University of Michigan and NASA fellow.
  • a composer with a NASA fellowship to study how representing information as sound could aid in data mining.
  • raw information to an audio waveform
  • To sonify the data
  • in its original sampling rate of 44,100 hertz, it played back in less than a quarter of a second
  • benefits of sonifying data. You can zip through days' worth of information in an instant
  • Sonification is the process of translating information into sound
  • used in Geiger counter radiation detectors, which emit clicks in the presence of high-energy particles
  • not typically used to pick out patterns in information, but scientists on the U-M Solar and Heliospheric Research Group are exploring its potential in that realm. They're looking to Alexander to make it possible.
  • used to looking at wiggly-line plots and graphs, but humans are very good at hearing things. We wonder if there's a way to find things in the data that are difficult to see."
  • his approach led to a new discovery
  • a particular ratio of carbon atoms that scientists had not previously keyed in to can reveal more about the source of the solar wind than the ratios of elements they currently rely on. The solar wind is a squall of hot plasma, or charged particles, continuously emanating from the sun.
  • hopes to build a bridge between science and art.
  • movies were silent and people just accepted that that's the way it
  • this high res footage of what's happening on the surface of the sun, and it's silent. I'm creating a soundtrack
Mars Base

Saturn Moon Titan May Hide Buried Ocean | Space.com - 0 views

  • The best evidence yet for a liquid ocean buried under the surface of Saturn's moon Titan has been found
  • New observations show that Titan warps during the gravitational tides
  • suggesting an ocean sloshes under its outer shell
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  • long been theorized but never confirmed
  • larger than the planet Mercury
  • biggest of the
  • moons orbiting Saturn
  • By monitoring how Cassini's acceleration changed during six close flybys past Titan between 2006 and 2011
Mars Base

Disintegrating Alien Planet Has Comet-Like Tail | Space.com - 0 views

  • Astronomers have found a dusty tail streaming off a faraway alien planet, suggesting that the tiny, scorching-hot world is indeed falling apart.
  • In May, researchers announced the detection of a possibly distintegrating exoplanet, a roughly Mercury-size world being boiled away by the intense heat of its parent star
  • a different team has found strong evidence in support of the find
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  • Both studies used observations from NASA's Kepler space telescope
  • completing an orbit every 15 hours
  • surface temperatures estimated to be around 3,600 degrees Fahrenheit (1,982 degrees Celsius).
  • predicted that the planet is likely surrounded by a huge veil of dust and gas
  • In the new study, a different team
  • affirms the existence of this planetary dust tail
  • found clear signals that
  • light is being scattered and absorbed by large amounts of dust.
  • Further work with different instruments could help nail down just what the planet is made of
  • By observing the dust clouds in different colors, something Kepler cannot do, we will be able to determine the amount and the composition of the dust and estimate its lifetime
  • "As the evaporation peels the planet like an onion, we can now see what used to be the inside of a planet."
Mars Base

Spitzer Finds Possible Exoplanet Smaller than Earth - NASA Spitzer Space Telescope - 0 views

  • Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have detected what they believe is a planet two-thirds the size of Earth. The exoplanet candidate, called UCF-1.01, is located a mere 33 light-years away, making it possibly the nearest world to our solar system that is smaller than our home planet. 
  • strong evidence for a very small, very hot and very near planet
  • new-planet candidate was found unexpectedly
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  • studying the Neptune-sized exoplanet GJ 436b, already known to exist around the red-dwarf star GJ 436
  • In the Spitzer data, the astronomers noticed slight dips in the amount of infrared light streaming from the star, separate from the dips caused by GJ 436b
  • review of Spitzer archival data showed the dips were periodic, suggesting a second planet might be orbiting the star and blocking out a small fraction of the star's light. 
  • diameter would be approximately 5,200 miles (8,400 kilometers), or two-thirds that of Earth
  • revolve
  • about seven times the distance of Earth from the moon, with its "year" lasting only 1.4 Earth days
  • the exoplanet's surface temperature would be more than 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit (almost 600 degrees Celsius
  • might therefore resemble a cratered, mostly geologically dead world like Mercury
  • another possibility; that the extreme heat of orbiting so close to GJ 436 has melted the exoplanet's surface
  • colleagues noticed hints of a third planet
  • Spitzer has observed evidence of the two new planets several times each
  • even the most sensitive instruments are unable to measure exoplanet masses as small
  • mass is required for confirming a discovery
  • cautiously calling both bodies exoplanet candidates for now.
  • 1,800 stars identified by NASA' Kepler space telescope as candidates for having planetary systems, just three are verified to contain sub-Earth-sized exoplanets
  • only one exoplanet is thought to be smaller than the Spitzer candidates
Mars Base

This Week's Sky at a Glance - SkyandTelescope.com - 1 views

  • Thursday, February 6
  • First-quarter Moon
  • Mercury is visible in evening twilight, low in the west-southwest. It fades rapidly
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  • y in the dawn; look southeast
  • s just 4° or 5° from lesser Spica to its lower right.
  • highest in the south around 4 a.m., with Spica now under Mars.
  • the eastern sky in early evening
  • . It crosses nearly overhead (for mid-northern observers) around 9 or 10 p.m
  • ) rises around 1 or 2 a.m. and is high in the south at dawn
  • Regulus in Leo to the Moon's left during evening.
  • "Morning Star" in the dawn; look southeast
  • ) rises around 10 or 11 p.m. now
  • 5° to the right of
  • It crosses nearly overhead (for mid-northern observers) around 9 p.m.
  • rises around 1 a.m. and is highest in the south at dawn.
  • by 28°
  • Wednesday, February 19
  • Go out after 11 tonight, and low in the east-southeast, where the Moon has just risen or is about to rise, you'll find bright, fiery Mars with Spica to its right.
  • Thursday, February 20 As dawn breaks Friday morning the 21st, spot the waning Moon in the south with Saturn to its left. Off to their right are Mars and Spica (out of the frame above).
  • before and during dawn; look southeast. It's at its brightest this week.
  • rises around 10 p.m. now, a fiery blaze 5° or 6° to the right of icy Spica. The two of them are highest in the south around 3 or 4 a.m., with Spica now to Mars's lower right
  • Jupiter
  • high southeast in early evening. It crosses nearly overhead (for skywatchers at mid-northern latitudes) around 8 or 9 p.m.
  • Saturn
  • rises around midnight or 1 a.m. and is highest in the south at the beginning of dawn. By then it's far to the left of Mars and Spica,
  • Venus
  • rises around 10 p.m
  • 6° to the left of icy Spica. The two of them are highest in the south around 3 or 4 a.m., with Spica now lower right of Mar
  • Jupiter
  • e high south during evening
  • Thursday, March 13
  • left of the Moon this evening for Regulus. It's the bottom star in the handle of the Sickle of Leo.
  • Venus
  • "Morning Star" before and during dawn; look southeast.
  • rises around 9 p.m
  • Mars (
  • Spica 5° or 6° to its right
  • highest in the south around 2 a.m., with Spica now lower right of Mars
  • Jupiter
  • overhead during evening
  • Saturn
  • rises around 11 p.m. and is highest in the south before dawn
Mars Base

March 2014 guide to the five visible planets | Astronomy Essentials | EarthSky - 0 views

  • Jupiter sets in the west before dawn’s first light
  • Venus to rise in the east about two hours before sunrise.
  • Venus, for this world will shine at its brilliant best as the morning “star” in mid-February.
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  • Mars shines in
  • coming up around 10 p.m. local time at the month’s end. It is near Spica
  • about two hours before dawn late in the month
  • Saturn is
  • close to local midnight by the end of the month. Saturn climbs to its highest point in the sky at dawn.
  • Venus
  • Venus
  • Mars reaches its highest point for the night
  • 4 a.m. local Daylight Time in early March and 2 a.m. local Daylight Time in late march
  • in the east-southeast around 1 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time in early March, and roughly 11 p.m. local Daylight Time by the end of the month.
  • highest point in the sky shortly before morning dawn
Mars Base

February 20 - Today in Science History - Scientists born on February 20th, died, and ev... - 0 views

  • Glenn in orbit
  • In 1962, John Glenn piloted the Mercury-Atlas 6 Friendship 7 spacecraft on the first U.S. manned orbital mission. Launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, he completed three-orbits around the earth, at a maximum altitude of approx. 162 miles and an orbital velocity of approx. 17,500 mph. He spotted Perth, Australia, when that city's residents greeted him by switching on their house lights in unison. A four-cent U.S. stamp was put on sale the same day, making it the first U.S. stamp issued on the day of the event it commemorated. Glenn returned to space 36 years later, making 134 more orbits as a crew member of the space shuttle Discovery (29 Oct - 7 Nov 1998) for investigations on space flight and the aging process.
  • In 1986, the Soviet Union launched into orbit Mir, a new space station. Mir, the Russian word for peace, had six docking ports and special laboratories for scientific research. Weeks later, a veteran crew was sent to man the 56-ft-long and 13.6-ft wide station. The core module provided living quarters for the cosmonauts: galley/table, cooking elements and storage, individual crew cabins and personal hygiene area. They also had a working compartment for monitoring and commanding the core systems supported by an electric power system, thermal control system, computer systems, environmental control and life support, communications and tracking systems. Five additional modules were launched between Mar 1987 and April 1996
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  •  Space station Mir
  • In 1937, the first a successful automobile-airplane combination was complete and ready for testing.The first flight took place the next day, 21 Feb 1937. Built by the Westerman Arrowplane Corporation of Santa Monica, Cal., the vehicle was dubbed the Arrowbile, and claimed a top air-speed of 120 mph and 70 mph on a highway. Designed by aeroengineer Waldo Dean Waterman (1894-1976), it evolved from the prototype Arrowplane, a project to design a simple, easy to fly, low cost airplane. The Studebaker Corporation, which supplied the 100 hp engines, eventually took delivery of five Arrowbiles
  • Car airplane
  • Car airplane
Mars Base

February 13 - Today in Science History - Scientists born on February 13th, died, and ev... - 0 views

  • FEBRUARY 13
  • Family Portrait Of The Planets
  • In 1990, the U.S. space probe Voyager I , while heading out to the edge of the Solar System, at 5:12pm PST began a four-hour series of photographs in a look backward which captured the Sun and six planets. An elongated large mozaic was later made by combining about 60 images. In this first “Family Portrait of the Planets”, the Sun appeared almost star-like and the planets were mere dots. Mercury was too close to the sun to photograph. Mars and Pluto, were too small to resolve. This first record of the Solar System from space may remain the only one for decades to follow. Voyager I had a unique lofty perspective, looking down on the plane in which the planets orbit. It had been steadily climbing since it passed Saturn in 1980, and reached an angle of 32 degrees high above the plane of the solar system
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  • ENIAC first operated
  • In 1946, the world's first electronic digital computer, ENIAC (the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was first demonstrated at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania, by the late John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert. The ENIAC machine occupied a room 30 by 50 feet. Its birth lay in WW II as a classified military project known only as Project PX. The ENIAC is historic because it laid the foundations for the modern electronic computing industry. The ENIAC demonstrated that high-speed digital computing was possible using the vacuum tube technology then available. Built out of some 17,468 electronic vacuum tubes, ENIAC was in its time the largest single electronic apparatus in the world
Mars Base

This Week's Sky at a Glance, June 13 - 21 | Sky & Telescope - 0 views

  • Friday, June 20
  • the two brightest stars of summer, Arcturus and Vega, shine equally high overhead as evening grows late: Arcturus in the southwest, Vega toward the east
  • Saturday, June 21
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  • June solstice
  • the Sun reaches its northernmost point in the sky for the year and begins its six-month return south
  • Summer begins in the Northern Hemisphere, where today is the longest day. In the Southern Hemisphere, this is the start of winter and the longest night
  • Mercury
  • lost in the glow of sunset
  • Venus
  • low in the east during dawn
  • Mars (
  • high in the south-southwest in twilight, with Spica to its left
  • sets in the west around 1 or 2 a.m. daylight saving time.
  • Jupiter
  • low in the west-northwest in twilight and sets around nightfall
  • Saturn
  • southeast to south during evening
Mars Base

This Week's Sky at a Glance, July 4-12 | Sky & Telescope - 0 views

  • Friday, July 11
  • Mars and Spica form a striking pair in the southwestern sky at dusk! They're now just under 2° apart.
  • On Sunday evening they'll be at their minimum separation, 1.3°
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  • Full Moon tonight and Saturday night
  • Mercury
  • low in the glow of sunrise to the lower left of Venus
  • Venus
  • low in the east during dawn
  • Mars (
  • high in the southwest at dusk with Spica, a little fainter, closing in on it each day
  • Jupiter is lost in the sunset
  • Saturn
  • Saturn
  • highest in the south in late twilight
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