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Curiosity providing new weather and radiation data about Mars - 0 views

  • might
  • During the first 12 weeks after Curiosity landed
  • researchers analyzed data from more than 20 atmospheric events with at least one characteristic of a whirlwind recorded
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  • can include a brief dip in air pressure, a change in wind direction, a change in wind speed, a rise in air temperature or a dip in ultraviolet light reaching the rover
  • Two of the events included all five characteristics.
  • dust-devil tracks and shadows have been seen from orbit, but those visual clues have not been seen in Gale Crater
  • possibility is that vortex whirlwinds arise at Gale without lifting as much dust as they do elsewhere
  • The rover is just north of a mountain called Mount Sharp
  • air movement up and down the mountain's slope governed wind direction, dominant winds generally would be north-south
  • east-west winds appear to predominate. The rim of Gale Crater may be a factor
  • If we don't see a change in wind patterns as Curiosity heads up the slope of Mount Sharp—that would be a surprise."
  • may be seeing more of the wind blowing along the depression in between the two slopes, rather than up and down the slope of Mount Sharp
  • The atmosphere provides a level of shielding, and so charged-particle radiation is less when the atmosphere is thicker. Overall, Mars' atmosphere reduces the radiation dose compared to what we saw during the flight to Mars
Mars Base

Mars Science Laboratory: Computer Swap on Curiosity Rover - 0 views

  • 02.28.2013
  • The ground team for NASA's Mars rover Curiosity has switched the rover to a redundant onboard computer in response to a memory issue on the computer that had been active
  • intentional swap at about 2:30 a.m. PST today (Thursday, Feb. 28) put the rover
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  • "safe mode."
  • , into
  • safe mode to operational status over the next few days and is troubleshooting the condition that affected operations
  • The condition is related to a glitch in flash memory linked to the other, now-inactive, computer.
  • switched computers to get to a standard state from which to begin restoring routine operations
  • Like many spacecraft
  • Curiosity carries a pair of redundant main computers in order to have a backup available if one fails
  • Each of the computers, A-side and B-side, also has other redundant subsystems linked to just that computer
  • Curiosity is now operating on its B-side, as it did during part of the flight from Earth to Mars. It operated on its A-side from before the August 2012 landing through Wednesday.
  • While
  • resuming operations on the B-side, we are also working to determine the best way to restore the A-side as a viable backup
  • The spacecraft remained in communications at all scheduled communication windows on Wednesday, but it did not send recorded data, only current status information.
  • status information revealed that the computer had not switched to the usual daily "sleep" mode when planned
  • Diagnostic work in a testing simulation at JPL indicates the situation involved corrupted memory at an A-side memory location used for addressing memory files
  • Scientific investigations by the rover were suspended Wednesday
  • Resumption of science investigations is anticipated within several days
Mars Base

Curiosity sleeps as solar blast races toward Mars - 0 views

  • Scientists say a solar eruption was detected on March 5, 2013
  • headed toward Mars
  • Curiosity rover will postpone some activities but other Mars missions will operate normally
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  • While the
  • rover was designed to withstand punishing space weather, its
  • decided to power it down as a precaution since it suffered a recent computer problem
  • Opportunity rover and two NASA spacecraft circling overhead carried on with normal activities
  • The eruption did not appear severe or extreme, but "middle of the road
  • was not expected to have an impact on Earth
  • Since Mars lacks a planet-wide magnetic field, it does not experience geomagnetic storms
  • the planet sees a spike in radiation
  • Powerful solar blasts can cause trouble to Mars spacecraft. In 2003, an intense solar flare knocked out the radiation detector on the Odyssey orbiter
  • In the worst-case scenario, one or more of the working Mars spacecraft may enter "safe mode" in which science activities are halted but they remain in contact with Earth.
  • The delay means it'll take longer for Curiosity to return to analyzing the pinch of rock powder it collected from a recent drilling
  • Engineers were in the middle of troubleshooting when they decided to wait for the weather to pass
Mars Base

Mars Science Laboratory: NASA's Curiosity Mars Rover Nears Turning Point - 0 views

  • Curiosity
  • will soon shift to a distance-driving mode headed for an area about 5 miles (8 kilometers) away, at the base of Mount Sharp
  • No additional rock drilling or soil scooping is planned in the "Glenelg" area
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  • To reach Glenelg, the rover drove east about a third of a mile (500 meters) from the landing site
  • To reach the next destination, Mount Sharp, Curiosity will drive toward the southwest for many months.
  • just because our end goal is Mount Sharp doesn't mean
  • not going to investigate interesting features along the way
  • the mission has also already accomplished its main science objective. Analysis of rock powder from the first drilled rock target, "John Klein," provided evidence that an ancient environment in Gale Crater had favorable conditions for microbial life
  • The rover team chose a similar rock, "Cumberland," as the second drilling target to provide a check for the findings at John Klein
  • Scientists are analyzing laboratory-instrument results from portions of the Cumberland sample
  • One new capability being used is to drive away while still holding rock powder in Curiosity's sample-handling device to supply additional material to instruments later if desired by the science team
  • For the drill
  • at Cumberland, steps that each took a day or more at John Klein could be combined into a single day's sequence of commands
  • used the experience and lessons from our first drilling campaign, as well as new cached sample capabilities, to do the second drill
  • far more efficiently
  • In addition,
  • increased use of the rover's autonomous self-protection. This allowed more activities to be strung together before the ground team had to check in on the rover
  • The science team has chosen three targets for brief observations before Curiosity leaves the Glenelg area: the boundary between bedrock areas of mudstone and sandstone, a layered outcrop called "Shaler" and a pitted outcrop called "Point Lake."
  • Shaler might be a river deposit. Point Lake might be volcanic or sedimentary. A closer look at them could give us better understanding of how the rocks we sampled with the drill fit into the history of how the environment changed
Mars Base

Curiosity's Robotic Arm Camera Snaps 1st Night Images - 0 views

  • This image of a Martian rock illuminated by white-light LEDs (light emitting diodes) is part of the first set of nighttime images taken by the Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) camera at the end of the robotic arm of NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity
  • image was taken on Jan. 22, 2013, after dark on Sol 165. It covers an area about 1.3 inches by 1 inch (3.4 by 2.5 centimeters
  • The Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) camera is located on the tool turret at the end of Curiosity’s 7 foot (2.1 m) long robotic arm
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  • Curiosity’s high resolution robotic arm camera has just snapped the 1st set of night time images of a Martian rock of the now 5 1/2 month long mission – using illumination from ultraviolet and white light emitting LED’s.
  • the close-up images of a rock target named “Sayunei” on Jan. 22 (Sol 165), located near the front-left wheel after the rover had driven over and scuffed the area to break up rocks in an effort to try and expose fresh material, free of obscuring dust
  • image of a Martian rock illuminated by ultraviolet LEDs
  • is part of the first set of nighttime images taken by the MAHLI camera on the robotic arm.
  • It covers an area about 1.3 inches by 1 inch (3.4 by 2.5 centimeters).
  • The purpose of acquiring observations under ultraviolet illumination was to look for fluorescent minerals
  • If something looked green, yellow, orange or red under the ultraviolet illumination, that’d be a more clear-cut indicator of fluorescence
Mars Base

Curiosity rover confirms first drilled Mars rock sample - 0 views

  • NASA's Mars rover Curiosity has relayed new images that confirm it has successfully obtained the first sample ever collected from the interior of a rock on another planet
  • Transfer of the powdered-rock sample into an open scoop was visible for the first time in images received Wednesday
  • The drill on Curiosity's robotic arm took in the powder as it bored a 2.5-inch (6.4-centimeter) hole into a target on flat Martian bedrock on Feb. 8
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  • rover team plans to have Curiosity sieve the sample and deliver portions of it to analytical instruments inside the rover
  • The scoop now holding the precious sample is part of Curiosity's Collection and Handling for In-Situ Martian Rock Analysis (CHIMRA)
  • During the next steps of processing, the powder will be enclosed inside CHIMRA and shaken once or twice over a sieve that screens out particles larger than 0.006 inch (150 microns) across
  • In response to information gained during testing at JPL, the processing and delivery plan has been adjusted to reduce use of mechanical vibration
  • The 150-micron screen in one of the two test versions of CHIMRA became partially detached after extensive use, although it remained usable
Mars Base

collectSPACE - news - "NASA's Curiosity rover flying to Mars with Obama's, others' auto... - 0 views

  • on the rover's deck
  • is a plaque inscribed with the signatures of President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden, in addition to other administration and NASA leaders
  • continues a more than 40-year tradition of sending presidential plaques on planetary missions
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  • Elsewhere on the rover is the autograph of the 14-year-old girl from Kansas who gave Curiosity its name
  • millions of digital signatures from members of the public who signed up through NASA
  • NASA's Mars program leaders round out the autographs on the plate
  • It's on the rover in the front left corner
  • it will be visible and that at some point will be photographed on Mars by Curiosity's camera-topped mast
  • "When we made the request to the White House for permission to launch, we took this along with us and said, 'Oh by the way, if you sign this we will stick it on the rover.'"
  • Clara Ma, who won NASA's naming contest with the suggestion of "Curiosity," signed the rover in 2009
  • As part of her prize, she was invited to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California, where in June 2009 she donned a "bunny suit" to step into a clean room and sign her name on the rover
  • Silicon chips attached to Curiosity's deck bear the digital signatures of people who submitted their names through NASA's website for going to Mars aboard the rover. Each chip is about the size of a dime
  • More than 1.24 million names were submitted online
  • etched into silicon using an electron-beam machine used for fabricating micro-devices at JPL
  • more than 20,000 visitors to locations of work on the rover at JPL and Kennedy Space Center wrote their names on pages, which were scanned and reproduced at microscopic scale on another chip
  • As Curiosity drives over the martian terrain, the groves in each wheel will form a string of 'dash' and 'dot' imprints — morse code that will spell out "J-P-L."
Mars Base

T Minus 9 Days - Mars Orbiters Now in Place to Relay Critical Curiosity Landing Signals - 0 views

  • NASA’s Mars Odyssey will relay near real time signals of this artist’s concept depicting the moment that NASA’s Curiosity rover touches down onto the Martian surface
  • Engines aboard NASA’s long lived Mars Odyssey spacecraft fired for about 6 seconds to adjust the orbiters location about 6 minutes ahead in its orbit. This will allow Odyssey to provide a prompt confirmation of Curiosity’s landing inside Gale crater at about 1:31 a.m. EDT (531 GMT) early on Aug. 6 (10:31 p.m. PDT on Aug. 5) – as NASA had originally planned.
  • Watch NASA TV online for live coverage of Curiosity landing: mars.jpl.nasa.gov or www.nasa.gov
Mars Base

Curiosity Finds Evidence of An Ancient Streambed on Mars - 0 views

  • said the rover has found “surprising” outcrops and gravel near the rover landing site that indicate water once flowed in this region, and likely flowed for a long time.
  • Too many things that point away from a single burst event
  • This is the first time we’re actually seeing water-transported gravel on Mars
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  • The discovery comes from examining two outcrops, called “Hottah” and “Link,” with the telephoto capability of Curiosity’s mast camera during the first 40 days
  • exposed by thruster exhaust as Curiosity touched down
  • We are getting better about integrating the orbital data,” said Grotzinger. “We see an alluvial fan and debris flow from orbit, and then see these water-transported pebbles from the ground
  • abundance of channels in the fan between the rim and conglomerate suggests flows continued or repeated over a long time, not just once or for a few years
  • Glenelg area marks the intersection of three kinds of terrain: bedrock for drilling, several small craters that may represent an older or harder surface, and also terrain similar to where Curiosity landed
  • can do comparisons
Mars Base

Mars Science Laboratory: Curiosity Mars Rover Checking Possible Smoother Route - 0 views

  • The team operating NASA's Mars rover Curiosity is considering a path across a small sand dune to reach a favorable route to science destinations
  • A favorable route would skirt some terrain with sharp rocks considered more likely to poke holes in the rover's aluminum wheels
  • Accumulation of punctures and rips in the wheels accelerated in the fourth quarter of 2013
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  • the team now drives the rover with added precautions, thoroughly checks the condition of Curiosity's wheels frequently, and is evaluating routes and driving methods that could avoid some wheel damage
  • A dune about 3 feet (1 meter) high spans the gap between two scarps that might be a gateway to a southwestward route over relatively smooth ground
  • The team is using images from the rover to assess whether to cross the dune
  • Other routes have also been evaluated for getting Curiosity from the rover's current location to a candidate drilling site
  • That site lies about half a mile (800 meters) away by straight line, but considerably farther by any of the driving routes assessed
  • This area is appealing because we can see terrain units unlike any that Curiosity has visited so far.
  • To prepare for destinations farther ahead, engineers are using a test rover at JPL to check the rover's ability to tolerate slight slippage on slopes while using its drill
  • With the drill bit in a rock, tests simulating slips of up to about 2 inches (5 centimeters) have not caused damage
  • Other testing at JPL is evaluating possible driving techniques that might help reduce the rate of wheel punctures, such as driving backwards or using four-wheel drive instead of six-wheel drive.
  • Some of the wheel damage may result from the force of rear wheels pushing middle or front wheels against sharp rocks, rather than simply the weight of the rover driving over the rocks
  • rolling your wheeled luggage over a curb, you can feel the difference between trying to push it over the curb or pull it over the curb
Mars Base

Curiosity Crosses Dingo Gap Dune - Gateway to Valley and Mountain Destinations Beyond - 0 views

  • the rover passed over the Red Planet dune without difficulty
  • They also show some interesting veins and mineral fractures are visible in the vicinity just ahead
  • The Martian dune lies between two low scarps sitting at the north and south ends.
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  • The rover successfully traversed the dune in Dingo Gap
  • Before giving the go ahead to move forward, engineers took a few days to carefully assess the dune’s integrity and physical characteristics
  • the rovers science instruments and cameras to insure there wasn’t the potential to get irretrievably stuck in a deep sand trap.
  • The missions science focus has shifted to “search for that subset of habitable environments which also preserves organic carbon,” says Curiosity Principal Investigator John Grotzinger
  • Up close view of hole in one of rover Curiosity’s six wheels caused by recent driving over rough Martian rocks.
  • Mosaic assembled from Mastcam raw images taken on Dec. 22, 2013 (Sol 490).
  • Credit: NASA/JPL/MSSS/Ken Kremer – kenkremer.com/Marco Di Lorenzo
  • The team even commanded Curiosity to carry out a toe dip by gently rolling the 20 inch (50 cm) diameter wheels back and forth over the crest on Tuesday, Feb. 4 to insure it was safe to mount
Mars Base

Curiosity Rover Finds No Methane On Mars. What's Happening? - 0 views

  • NASA’s Mars Curiosity rover can’t find any sign of methane on the red planet, but the agency emphasized that methane would be only one indicator of possible life
  • reduces the probability of current methane-producing Martian microbes
  • this addresses only one type of microbial metabolism
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  • here are many types of terrestrial microbes that don’t generate methane
  • Curiosity
  • sniffed the atmosphere six times for methane between October 2012 and June 2013
  • didn’t see any sign of the molecule
  • The instrument
  • would be able to detect minute concentrations
  • Scientists today estimate methane on Mars must be 1.3 parts per billion at the most, which is only one-sixth as much as earlier estimates
  • results are intriguing given that other teams have spotted methane on Mars as far back as 1999
  • Mars Global Surveyor, which was working for more than 10 years, charted the evolution of Martian methane over three years
  • NASA Earth-bound observations using spectroscopic measurements reported even greater amounts in the Martian atmosphere in 2009,
  • reports of the highest concentrations of Mars methane came from Earth-based observatories
  • imply that they think peering through Earth’s atmosphere may have distorted the measurements
  • Some Earthly measurements indicated local regions with methane as high as 45 parts per billion
  • s no known way for methane to disappear quickly from the atmosphere
Mars Base

Mars Science Laboratory: Curiosity Performs Warm Reset - 0 views

  • NASA's Mars rover Curiosity experienced an unexpected software reboot (also known as a warm reset)
  • (11/7/13
  • during a communications pass as it was sending engineering and science data to the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, for later downlinking to Earth
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  • occurred about four-and-half hours after new flight software had been temporarily loaded into the rover's memory
  • At the time the event occurred, Curiosity was in the middle of a scheduled, week-long flight software update and checkout activity
  • A warm reset is executed by flight software when it identifies a problem with one of its operations
  • The reset restarts the flight software into its initial state. Since the reset, the rover has been performing operations and communications as expected
  • This is the first time that Curiosity has executed a fault-related warm reset during its 16-plus months of Mars surface operations.
Mars Base

Curiosity Discovers Patch of Pebbles Formed by Flowing Martian Water on Mount Sharp Trek - 0 views

  • Curiosity
  • has discovered a new patch of pebbles formed and rounded eons ago by flowing liquid water
  • the new finding at a sandstone outcrop called ‘Darwin’ during a brief science stopover spot called ‘Waypoint 1’.
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  • The discovery at Darwin is significant because it significantly broadens the area here that was altered by flowing liquid water
  • The robot pulled into ‘Waypoint 1’ on Sept. 12 (Sol 392).
  • Did the water flow that deposited the pebbly sandstone at Waypoint 1 occur at about the same time as the water flow at Yellowknife Bay?
  • If the same fluid flow produced the veins here and the veins at Yellowknife Bay, you would expect the veins to have the same composition.’
  • the veins are different, so we know the history is complicated. We use these observations to piece together the long-term history
  • Darwin comes from a list of 100 names the team put together to designate rocks in the Mawson Quadrangle
  • on Sept. 22, the rover departed Darwin and Waypoint 1 on a westward heading to resume the many months long journey to Mount Sharp
Mars Base

Mars Rover Curiosity Sidelined by Electrical Glitch | Space.com - 0 views

  • (Nov. 17), the mission team noticed a change in the voltage difference between the body of the Curiosity rover and its electricity-distributing power bus
Mars Base

Curiosity Discovers Ancient Mars Lake Could Support Life - 0 views

  • ASA’s Curiosity rover has discovered evidence that an ancient Martian lake had the right chemical ingredients that could have sustained microbial life
  • these habitable conditions persisted until a more recent epoch than previously thought
  • researchers have developed a novel technique allowing Curiosity to accurately date Martian rocks for the first time ever
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  • The ancient fresh water lake at the Yellowknife Bay area inside the Gale Crater landing site explored earlier this year
  • existed for periods spanning perhaps millions to tens of millions of years in length
  • before eventually evaporating completely after Mars lost its thick atmosphere.
  • the lake may have existed until as recently as 3.7 Billion years ago, much later than researchers expected
  • which means that life had a longer and better chance
  • before it was transformed into its current cold, arid state.
  • Researchers also announced that they are shifting the missions focus from searching for habitable environments to searching for organic molecules – the building blocks of all life as we know it.
  • the team believes they have found a way to increase the chance of finding organics preserved in the sedimentary rock layers
  • a mission that is now dedicated to the search for that subset of habitable environments which also preserves organic carbon
  • the ancient lake at Yellowknife Bay was likely about 30 miles long and 3 miles wide.
Mars Base

Curiosity team switches back to Earth time - 0 views

  • After three months working on "Mars time," the team operating NASA Mars rover Curiosity has switched to more regular hours, as planned
  • A Martian day, called a sol, is about 40 minutes longer than an Earth day, so the team's start time for daily planning has been moving a few hours later each week
  • at operations." A simultaneous change this
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  • . More than 200 non-JPL scientists who have spent some time working at JPL since Curiosity's landing
  • will continue participating regularly from their home institutions throughout North America and Europe
  • The team has been preparing in recent weeks to use dispersed participation teleconferences and Web connections.
Mars Base

NASA - Curiosity Finds Calcium-Rich Deposits - 0 views

  • images being returned by Curiosity show a diverse collection of interesting features, including sedimentary rocks, pebbles, cracks, nodules, and veins
  • vein features are seen as a bright white material
  • contain elevated levels of calcium sulfate, likely in the form of bassanite or gypsum
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  • Gypsum veins are also seen here on Earth and associated with water percolating through cracks and fractured rocks.
  • The team hopes to drill directly into one of the veins and place the powder into the SAM and ChemMin analytical instruments
  • give us detailed information about the composition of the material
  • On our way over to the drill site, we’re planning on using the rover’s wheels to crush some of these nearby veins and examine the freshly broken material
Mars Base

Mars Science Laboratory: Remaining Martian Atmosphere Still Dynamic - 0 views

  • Evidence has strengthened this month that Mars lost much of its original atmosphere by a process of gas escaping from the top of the atmosphere
  • Curiosity's Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument analyzed an atmosphere sample
  • using a process that concentrates selected gases
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  • The results provided the most precise measurements ever made of isotopes of argon in the Martian atmosphere
  • found
  • the clearest and most robust signature of atmospheric loss on Mars
  • Isotopes are variants of the same element with different atomic weights
  • SAM found that the Martian atmosphere has about four times as much of a lighter stable isotope (argon-36) compared to a heavier one (argon-38)
  • This removes previous uncertainty about the ratio in the Martian atmosphere from 1976 measurements from NASA's Viking project and from small volumes of argon extracted from Martian meteorites
  • The ratio is much lower than the solar system's original ratio, as estimated from argon-isotope measurements of the sun and Jupiter
  • This points to a process at Mars that favored preferential loss of the lighter isotope over the heavier one
  • Curiosity measures several variables
  • with the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS),
  • daily air temperature has climbed steadily since the measurements began eight months ago and is not strongly tied to the rover's location
  • humidity has differed significantly at different places along the rover's route
  • Trails of dust devils have not been seen inside Gale Crater
  • REMS sensors detected many whirlwind patterns during the first hundred Martian days of the mission, though not as many as detected in the same length of time by earlier missions
  • Curiosity will be drilling into another rock where the rover is now, but that target has not yet been selected. The science team will discuss this over the conjunction period
  • For the rest of April, Curiosity will carry out daily activities for which commands were sent in March, using DAN, REMS and the Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD).
  • ChemCam reveals a complex chemical composition of the dust that includes hydrogen, which could be in the form of hydroxyl groups or water molecules
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