Epigenetics is defined as modifications of the genome, heritable during
cell division, that do not involve a change in the DNA sequence.
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Cancer epigenetics takes center stage - 1 views
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Genomic imprinting, the subject of the report by Nakagawa et al. (2), is an epigenetic modification of a specific parental allele of a gene, or the chromosome on which it resides, in the gamete or zygote, leading to differential expression of the two alleles of the gene in somatic cells of the offspring.
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we found that LOI can occur in the normal colonic mucosa of colorectal cancer patients with LOI in their tumors
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One potential cause of MSI in these sporadic cancers is hypermethylation and epigenetic silencing of the hMLH1 mismatch repair gene
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Nakagawa et al. (2) now confirm the original study of Cui et al. that LOI occurs in both tumor and normal tissue of patients
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The present study (2) also offers an intriguing mechanistic hypothesis to explain the relationship between H19 DMR methylation and LOI in these patients
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Nevertheless, the study calls attention to this remarkable highly conserved multifunctional protein,
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The potential link to CTCF suggested by this study also calls our attention to the link among DNA methylation, epigenetics, and chromatin.
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A clue to the link between MSI and epigenetics may be provided by another sometimes overlooked common thread in epigenetics, namely DNA replication
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repeat-induced gene silencing is thought to be propagated through hemimethylated intermediates during DNA replication
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The studies of Cui et al. (11), Nishihara et al. (20), and Nakagawa et al. (2) suggest a new and provocative view of the timing of epigenetic changes in cancer.
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Studies of transgenic mice with constitutive biallelic expression of IGF2, comparable to LOI, show reduced apoptosis and increased tumor formation
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I conclude by noting that the distinction between cancer genetics and epigenetics has blurred considerably in recent years