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nidthamsirisup

Study suggests why some animals live longer - 1 views

    • nidthamsirisup
       
      A new method to detect proteins associated with longevity which helps further our understanding into why some animals live longer than others.
  • The study, led by Dr. Joao Pedro Magalhaes and postgraduate student, Yang Li, is the first to show evolutionary patterns in biological repair systems in long-lived animals and could, in the future, be used to help develop anti-ageing interventions by identifying proteins in long-lived species that better respond to, for example, DNA damage
  • these species have optimised pathways that repair molecular damage, compared to shorter-lived animals, such as mice
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  • found a similar pattern in proteins associated with metabolism, cholesterol and pathways involved in the recycling of proteins
  • Proteins associated with the degradation of damaged proteins, a process that has been connected to ageing, were also linked with the evolution of longevity in mammals.
  • If we can identify the proteins that allow some species to live longer than others we could use this knowledge to improve human health and slow the ageing process.
  • “We developed a method to detect proteins whose molecular evolution correlates with longevity of a species. The proteins we detected changed in a particular pattern, suggesting that evolution of these proteins was not by accident, but rather by design to cope with the biological processes impacted by ageing, such as DNA damage. The results suggest that long-lived animals were able to optimise bodily repair which will help them fend off the ageing process.”
Sasicha Manupipatpong

Identical DNA codes discovered in different plant species - 2 views

  • found identical sequences of DNA located at completely different places on multiple plant genomes
  • Although the scientists found identical sequences between plant species, just as they did between animals, they suggested the sequences evolved differently.
  • find identical sequences in plant DNAs
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  • identical sections weren't found at the same points
  • genomes of six animals (dog, chicken, human, mouse, macaque and rat)
  • six plant species (Arabidopsis, soybean, rice, cottonwood, sorghum and grape)
  • found long strings of identical code in different species of animals' DNA
  • expect to see convergent evolution, but we don't
  • Plants and animals are both complex multi-cellular organisms that have to deal with many of the same environmental conditions, like taking in air and water and dealing with weather variations, but their genomes code for solutions to these challenges in different ways
  • could help in the development of new medicines
  • used to find identical sequential patterns in an organism's entire set of proteins
  • lead to finding new targets for existing drugs or studying these drugs' side effects
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    A computer algorithm found identical sequences of DNA in different places of various plant species' genomes. The same has been found in animals. This could prove to be beneficial in the development of new medicines (for testing drug side effects).
orasa sukmark

Shot of Young Stem Cells Makes Rapidly Aging Mice Live Much Longer and Healthier - Gate... - 1 views

  • animals that got the stem/progenitor cells improved their health and lived two to three times longer than expected,
  • "Our experiments showed that mice that have progeria, a disorder of premature aging, were healthier and lived longer after an injection of stem cells from young, healthy animals," Dr. Niedernhofer said. "That tells us that stem cell dysfunction is a cause of the changes we see with aging."
  • "Typically the progeria mice die at around 21 to 28 days of age, but the treated animals lived far longer -- some even lived beyond 66 days. They also were in better general health."
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  • we injected stem/progenitor cells from young, healthy mice into the abdomens of 17-day-old progeria mice,
  • As the progeria mice age, they lose muscle mass in their hind limbs, hunch over, tremble, and move slowly and awkwardly. Affected mice that got a shot of stem cells just before showing the first signs of aging were more like normal mice, and they grew almost as large.
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    the experiment from the University of Pittsburgh shows that the mice can be stronger live longer after they were injected with stem cells from young healthy animals.
wasin kusakabe

Deep sequencing reveals potentially toxic, trade-restricted ingredients in some traditi... - 1 views

  • DNA sequencing technology to reveal the animal and plant composition
  • of traditional Chinese medicines
  • These plants contain chemicals that can be toxic if the wrong dosage is taken, but none of them actually listed concentrations on the packaging.”
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  • estricted animals that are classified as vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered, including the Asiatic black bear and Saiga antelope.”
  • multiple samples that contained DNA from animals listed as trade-restricted
  • mislabelling of TCMs
  • including animal DNA and potential allergens such as soy or nuts.
    • wasin kusakabe
       
      Traditional Chinese Medicines have incorrect labeling, which may lead to allergic reaction or crossing religious restrictions.
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    Traditional Chinese Medicines' ingredients revealed by DNA sequencing to be potentially toxic.
nidthamsirisup

Epigenetics Seeks Clues to Mental Illness in Genes' Life Story - Science in 2011 - NYTi... - 0 views

  • epigenetics, the study of how people’s experience and environment affect the function of their genes.
  • Studies suggest that such add-on, or epigenetic, markers develop as an animal adapts to its environment, whether in the womb or out in the world — and the markers can profoundly affect behavior.
  • In studies of rats, researchers have shown that affectionate mothering alters the expression of genes, allowing them to dampen their physiological response to stress. These biological buffers are then passed on to the next generation: rodents and nonhuman primates biologically primed to handle stress tend to be more nurturing to their own offspring, and the system is thought to work similarly in humans.
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  • the offspring of parents who experience famine are at heightened risk for developing schizophrenia, some research suggests — perhaps because of the chemical signatures on the genes that parents pass on.
  • in some people with autism, epigenetic markers had silenced the gene which makes the receptor for the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin oils the brain’s social circuits, and is critical in cementing relationships; a brain short on receptors for it would most likely struggle in social situations.
  • In one large study of people with schizophrenia, researchers at Johns Hopkins are analyzing blood and other data to see whether the degree of epigenetic variation is related to the inherited risk of developing the disorder. In another, researchers at Tufts are studying the genes of animals dependent on opiates to see how epigenetic alterations caused by drug exposure affect the opiate sensitivity of the animals’ offspring.
orasa sukmark

Cloned Meat & Milk Coming - 1 views

  • Milk and meat from ‘cloned’ animals’ offspring could soon be on sale without any labels
  • The UK government has no objection to selling meat and milk from clones.
  • There are currently just over 100 offspring of cloned animals on British farms, but this will rise dramatically if the EC gets its way.
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  • According to BEUC, an overwhelming majority of EU consumers do not want cloning to be used for food production purposes. Some 84 per cent are concerned about the long-term health and safety impacts.
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    Cloned Meat and milk will be sold soon.
Sea Maskulrath

Scientists clone pashmina goat - Hindustan Times - 0 views

  • three years of producing the first-ever buffalo animal clone, Indian scientists have now successfully cloned the world's first pashmi
  • The cloned baby is kept under medical observation at the off campus sheep breeding centre and is in "fine health"
  • The cloned was produced with the help of a cost-effective "hand guided t
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  • echnique" and NDRI had used the same technology to clone two buffalo calves on its Karnal campus.
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    Now that the cost of the pashmina will be lowered, we have to thank Dr.Tej for his hard work and that we cannot underestimate indian biotechnology.   
nidthamsirisup

Engineered stem cells seek out and kill HIV in living mice - 0 views

  • human stem cells can be genetically engineered into HIV-fighting cells
  • surrogate model
  • CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes -- the "killer" T cells that help fight infection -- from an HIV-infected individual and identified the molecule known as the T cell receptor, which guides the T cell in recognizing and killing HIV-infected cells.
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  • cloned the receptor and used this to genetically engineer human blood stem cells.
  • mature T cells that can attack HIV in tissues where the virus resides and replicates.
  • CD4 cells are white blood cells that are an important component of the immune system, helping to fight off infections.
  • CD4 "helper" T cells
  • HIV in the blood decreased.
  • increased
  • engineering stem cells to form immune cells that target HIV is effective in suppressing the virus in living tissues in an animal model
    • wasin kusakabe
       
      Using mice as lab rats, researchers are able to produce a large amount of T cells that can fight off HIV more effectively.
  • Expanding on previous research providing proof-of-principle that human stem cells can be genetically engineered into HIV-fighting cells
  • The engineered stem cells developed into a large population of mature, multi-functional HIV-specific CD8 cells that could specifically target cells containing HIV proteins. The researchers also discovered that HIV-specific T cell receptors have to be matched to an individual in much the same way an organ is matched to a transplant patient.
  • In this current study, the researchers similarly engineered human blood stem cells and found that they can form mature T cells that can attack HIV in tissues where the virus resides and replicates. They did so by using a surrogate model, the humanized mouse, in which HIV infection closely resembles the disease and its progression in humans.
  • increased, while levels of HIV in the blood decreased. CD4 cells are white blood cells that are an important component of the immune system, helping to fight off infections. These results indicated that the engineered cells were capable of developing and migrating to the organs to fight infection there.
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    Stem cells that are engineered to produce T cells that can help fight off HIV.
Rafael Chen

Increased honey bee diversity means fewer pathogens, more helpful bacteria - 0 views

  • microbes in bee colonies that have previously been associated with fermentation in humans and other animals
  • communities of active bacteria harbored by honey bee colonies
  • research suggests honey bees may take advantage of these beneficial symbiotic bacteria to convert indigestible material into nutritious food and to enhance protection from pathogens
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  • Genetic diversity is created in a colony when a queen mates with many male bees
  • less likelihood of potentially pathogenic bacteria showing up in genetically diverse honey bee colonies
  • individual bees and their symbionts can enhance the overall health of a colony when it is genetically diverse
  • increased resistance to colonization by pathogens or through the production of nutrients by these microbes
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    Genetic Diversity in bee colonies increases resistance to colonization by pathogens through symbiotic relations with microbes.
Sea Maskulrath

Why having sex really IS the best thing to do: Gene mapping finally proves mating is be... - 0 views

  • Why having sex really IS the best thing to do
  • is better for evolution than self-reproduction
  • Having sex allows us to evolve more effectively than species which reproduce without a partner, according to tests that claim to finally prove the long-held theory.
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  • cording to the study by the University of Edinburgh.
  • Meanwhile, creatures who reproduce asexually are more likely to be lumbered with disease-causing genes
  • Combining the genes of two parents – rather than one in the case of fruit flies, stick insects and other animals – allows for damaging DNA to be removed within a few generations.
  • h longer, a
  • or muc
  • This is because individuals who inherit healthy genes tend to flourish and pass on their DNA to the next generatio
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    well, I guess SEX is the best way to develop a super human for the future + I know everyone gonna love it :) 
Sea Maskulrath

The Ice Age Elephant - Mammuthus primigenius | Scitech | The Earth Times - 0 views

  • preserved remains of a shaggy monster that lived in Siberia at -40°C 10,000 years ago have been uncovered;
  • The frozen and p
  • Only microscopic amounts of DNA are left on the skeletons, including all the bacteria that lived on the animals. No usable DNA is therefore often found in bone, but mammoth hair is plentiful. Shampooed and bleached and digested, the hair, even at 18,000 years old, can have 90% of the DNA left. The genome shows 4 different "races" of this species. Research has also shown the recreated blood of mammoth. It doesn't decrease its oxygen capacity at the low temperatures the mammoth had to endure. That increased oxygen-offloading ability was one of the essential physiological changes evolved especially for this species, just like the Yuka kidney.
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  • reserved remains of a shaggy monster that lived in Siberia at -40°C 10,000 years ago have been uncovered;
  • Cloning the mammoth has been an aim of Japanese scientists for several years. They discovered almost intact bone marrow from a thigh bone in Yakutsk and hope to use a female elephant for what is obviously more than a simple experiment within the next 5 years.
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    The return of the giant, not a long wait :) 
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