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Michelle D

Unrest in the Middle East and North Africa, country by country - CNN.com - 0 views

www.cnn.com/...middle.east.africa.unrest

shared by Michelle D on 23 Mar 11 - No Cached
Jayme T and Jacqueline V liked it
  • Michelle D on 23 Mar 11
     
    This website gives a bit of a summary of Libya, which helps make the current situation easier to understand. (Will read + highlight + better summarize soon!)
  • ...2 more comments...
  • Jacqueline V on 23 Mar 11
     
    Pretty sure ya should do that before posting other articles haha....
  • Michelle D on 23 Mar 11
     
    But I got bored of that one meow :( Anyhow, I wanna find a bunch of articles before you guys can steal them, ya know?
  • Jacqueline V on 24 Mar 11
     
    What if I need ur summary to learn more!
  • Michelle D on 24 Mar 11
     
    Stop pressuring me, Jack ;-;
Jacqueline V

Libya - 1 views

www.state.gov/...5425.htm

shared by Jacqueline V on 08 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • "Jamahiriya" is a term Col. Mu'ammar al-Qadhafi coined and which he defines as a "state of the masses" governed by the populace through local councils. In practice, Libya is an authoritarian state
  • Constitution: No formal document. Revolutionary edicts establishing a government structure were issued on December 11, 1969 and amended March 2, 1977 to establish popular congresses and people's committees that constitute the Jamahiriya system.
  • Political parties are banned. According to the political theory of Col. Mu'ammar al-Qadhafi, multi-layered popular assemblies (people's congresses) with executive institutions (people's committees) are guided by political cadres (revolutionary committees).
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • approximately 75% of Libya's food is imported
  • ndustry: Types--petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement.
  • $34.24 billion: crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas, chemicals
  • When Libya declared its independence on December 24, 1951, it was the first country to achieve independence through the United Nations and one of the first former European possessions in Africa to gain independence
  • Libya was proclaimed a constitutional and a hereditary monarchy under King Idris.
  • petroleum sales enabled what had been one of the world's poorest countries to become extremely wealthy
  • popular resentment grew as wealth was increasingly concentrated in the hands of the elite.
  • The new regime, headed by the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), abolished the monarchy and proclaimed the new Libyan Arab Republic.
  • , British military installations at Tobruk and nearby El Adem were closed in March 1970, and U.S. facilities at Wheelus Air Force Base near Tripoli were closed in June 1970. That July, the Libyan Government ordered the expulsion of several thousand Italian residents. By 1971, libraries and cultural centers operated by foreign governments were ordered closed.
  • Qadhafi initially refused to comply with these requirements, leading to Libya's political and economic isolation for most of the 1990s
  • . Import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have caused periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs.
Jacqueline V

Libya protests: Gaddafi's rambling TV address 'I'll die here as a martyr' | Mail Online - 1 views

www.dailymail.co.uk/...TV-address-Ill-die-martyr.html

shared by Jacqueline V on 23 Mar 11 - No Cached
    • Jacqueline V
      Jacqueline V on 23 Mar 11
       
      Gaddafi speech ( in parts)
    • Jacqueline V
      Jacqueline V on 23 Mar 11
       
      Ok it Won't let me highlight but this gives gadaffis view on this issue
Jacqueline V

Muammar al-Qaddafi Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Muamm... - 1 views

www.encyclopedia.com/...Muammar_al-Qaddafi.aspx

shared by Jacqueline V on 10 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • led (1969) a successful coup against the monarchy of Idris I. Qaddafi established himself as Libya's commander in chief and chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council. Blending Arab nationalism, revolutionary socialism, and Islamic orthodoxy, Qaddafi proceeded to run Libya's government as a stridently anti-Western dictatorship
  • British and American military bases were closed in 1970
  • The ancient Qur'anic law of cutting off the hands of thieves was reinstituted, gambling and alcoholic beverages were outlawed, and all foreign petroleum assets were nationalized (1973
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Libyan government has been known for its support of many international terrorist and guerrilla organizations
Jacqueline V

Muammar el-Qaddafi News - The New York Times - 1 views

topics.nytimes.com/...index.html

shared by Jacqueline V on 10 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • he was responsible, according to Western intelligence, for many of the deadliest terrorist attacks in the mid-80s, including the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, that killed 270.
  • it began with a relatively organized core of antigovernment opponents in Benghazi, its spread to the capital of Tripoli was swift and spontaneous, outracing any efforts to coordinate the protests.
  • rebels fought back and won tribal leaders and an increasing share of the military to their side, seizing the eastern half of the country
Jacqueline V

Libya - The Economy - 1 views

countrystudies.us/57.htm

shared by Jacqueline V on 08 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • Because of Libya's great dependence on oil revenues, the general level of the Libyan economy is closely related to the health of the petrochemical industry
  • In 1951, on the eve of independence, Libya, underdeveloped and backward, was characterized by the United Nations (UN) as perhaps the world's poorest country. Experts predicted that the country would have to be supported for years by international grants-in-aid while it organized itself to try to live within its own meager means
  • in less than 25 years, Libya had turned into a rapidly developing country with accumulated net gold and foreign-exchange reserves equivalent to upward of US$4 billion and an estimated annual income from oil revenues of between US$6 and US$8 billion. Although Libya suffered few balance-of- payments problems, it was beginning to be bothered by inflation. The country seemed to have adequate funds at its disposal, however.
Jacqueline V

Libya: Country Profile - Libya's Government, People, History - 0 views

middleeast.about.com/...me071212.htm

shared by Jacqueline V on 08 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • Libya is an absolute dictatorship under the control of Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi since Sept. 1969.
  • the state derives its ideology from Qaddafi’s Green Book, a collection of his sayings and philosophies loosely based on an amalgam of socialism, economics, Islamic law and Qaddafi’s idea of socio-anthropology (quote: “As the man does not get pregnant, he is not liable to the feebleness which woman, being female, suffers”).
  • Qaddafi controls the country’s mosques and Islamic institutions such as Islamic schools.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • others remain in prison for violating Law 17, which forbids political activity at variance with the government’s ideology. One man (Fathi al-Jahmi) has been in prison since 2004 for slandering Qaddafi and faces execution
  • There is no freedom of association or freedom of expression, and no free press, although the government only occasionally blocks web sites critical of the regime, which are numerous.
  • Oil and gas account for 95 percent of Libyan export revenue, 75 percent of its government revenue and 30 percent of the country’s total economic output. Agriculture accounts for 18 percent of Libya’s economy, but the country must import most of its food. Gypsum, iron ore, potassium, magnesium, sulphur and phosphate mining, the iron and steel industries and construction account for other shares of the economy
Jayme T

Libya Rebels Have Will, but Lack Martial Way - NYTimes.com - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...07rebels.html

shared by Jayme T on 08 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • the rebels gather along Libya’s main coastal highway each day, ready to fight
  • With only weeks of fighting experience, they lack an understanding of the fundamentals of offensive and defensive combat, or how to organize fire support. They fire recklessly and sometimes accidentally. Most of them have yet to learn how to hold seized ground, or to protect themselves from their battlefield’s persistent rocket and mortar fire, which might be done by simply digging in
  • For the nations that have supported the uprising, the state of the rebels’ armed wing — known as the Forces of Free Libya
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Libya’s rebels have entered the grim work of waging war almost spontaneously, and would need time, training, equipment and leadership to develop into even a reasonably competent force.
Jayme T

Libyan protests: How Muammar Qaddafi has sabotaged Libya's future. - By Daniel Byman - ... - 0 views

www.slate.com/2286185

shared by Jayme T on 08 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • make Libya look more frightening. Qaddafi, unfortunately, may still win, either by rallying his loyalists in the security forces and military or by importing enough mercenaries to overcome the disorganized opposition in a brutal city-by-city campaign of terror.
  • But if Qaddafi loses, Libya's future may still prove chaotic.
  • Qaddafi created one of the world's most bizarre governments, with "people's committees" playing important roles at the local level. Indeed, Qaddafi himself did not hold a government position in any formal sense, even though he was clearly recognized as "the leader." This personalized and politicized system is part of what Libyans hate; it should not survive its creator. But removing Qaddafi's regime demands more than just change at the top.
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  • Libyan regime is already committing many atrocities, such as firing on crowds and sending its loyalists into hospitals to kill wounded demonstrators.
Jacqueline V

BBC News - Libya protests: UN Security Council condemns crackdown - 0 views

www.bbc.co.uk/...world-middle-east-12548520

shared by Jacqueline V on 22 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • At least 300 people have been killed so far in the uprising. Earlier, Col Muammar Gaddafi urged his supporters to attack the "cockroaches" and "rats" protesting against his rule.
  • Anyone who took up arms against Libya would be executed, he warned.
  • They fear the veteran leader is out to destroy the country before he is finally deposed.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • He portrayed the protesters as misguided youths who had been given drugs and money by a "small, sick group", and blamed "bearded men" - a reference to Islamists - and Libyans living abroad for fomenting the violence.
  • German Chancellor Angela Merkel said Col Gaddafi's speech was "very, very appalling" and "amounted to him declaring war on his own people".
  • "The Gaddafi statement was just code for his collaborators to start the genocide against the Libyan people. It just started a few hours ago. I hope the information I get is not accurate but if it is, it will be a real genocide," he told reporters.
Jacqueline V

Pan Am Flight 103 News - The New York Times - 0 views

topics.nytimes.com/...index.html

shared by Jacqueline V on 11 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • Libya refused to surrender the suspects, leading the United Nations Security Council to impose sanctions against the country in 1992.
Jayme T

On Libya's Revolutionary Road - NYTimes.com - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...mag-03Libya-t.html

shared by Jayme T on 06 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • All of them had friends or relatives who had been tortured or murdered in his prisons.
  • Qaddafi lectured the men. He warned them not to encourage the kinds of protests that had overthrown one dictator in Tunisia and would soon topple another, Hosni Mubarak, in Egypt. “Take down your Facebook pages, your demands will be met,” Qaddafi said. At times, he muttered to himself at length, leaving the lawyers baffled and embarrassed.
Jacqueline V

Lockerbie Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Lockerbie - 0 views

www.encyclopedia.com/...Lockerbie.aspx

shared by Jacqueline V on 11 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • Libya acknowledged involvement in the Lockerbie bombing and agreed to settlements with the families
Jacqueline V

March 21 Updates on War in Libya and Mideast Protests - NYTimes.com - 0 views

thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/...-in-libya-and-mideast-protests

shared by Jacqueline V on 23 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • President Barack Obama said at a news conference in Chile on Monday that while the international military action is aimed only at stopping the killing of Libyan civilians by Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi’s forces, “it is U.S. policy that Qaddafi needs to go.”
  • one day after the secretary general of the Arab League, Amr Moussa, told Egyptian state media that the coalition bombing of Libya was excessive, he seemed to retreat from that position following a meeting with the United Nations secretary general
Jacqueline V

Fresh violence rages in Libya - Africa - Al Jazeera English - 0 views

english.aljazeera.net/...201122261251456133.html

shared by Jacqueline V on 23 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Libyan forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi are waging a bloody operation to keep him in power, with residents reporting gunfire in parts of the capital Tripoli and other cities, while other citizens, including the country's former ambassador to India, are saying that warplanes were used to "bomb" protesters.
  • Witnesses in Tripoli told Al Jazeera that fighter jets had bombed portions of the city in fresh attacks on Monday night. The bombing focused on ammunition depots and control centres around the capital.
  • Several witnesses said that "mercenaries" were firing on civilians in the city, while pro-Gaddafi forces warned people not to leave their homes via loudspeakers mounted on cars.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Ali al-Essawi, who resigned as Libyan ambassador to India, also told Al Jazeera on Tuesday that fighter jets had been used by the government to bomb civilians.
  • Earlier, Ibrahim Dabbashi, Libya's deputy ambassador to the United Nations, said Gaddafi had started a "genocide against the Libyan people".
Michelle D

Libya's revolution headquarters - Africa - Al Jazeera English - 0 views

english.aljazeera.net/...201122753146444424.html

shared by Michelle D on 23 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Michelle D on 23 Mar 11
     
    This article gives a more personal view of what it's like to be a rebel in Libya. It sheds light on many exaggerations that the west has seen or heard, created by the rebels so others would support their revolution. However, the west has not heard all lies, for, while exaggerated, much of the information we have received contains bits of the truth.
Jayme T

BBC News - Libya protests: Gaddafi's son warns of civil war - 0 views

www.bbc.co.uk/...world-middle-east-12520586

shared by Jayme T on 23 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Troops had opened fire on protesters because they were not trained to handle civil unrest, he argued.
  • Security forces fired tear gas and live ammunition in the Gourghi area of the city, according to witnesses, but there were no immediate reports of casualties
Michelle D

Libya News - Protests and Revolt (2011) - 0 views

topics.nytimes.com/...index.html

shared by Michelle D on 24 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Michelle D on 24 Mar 11
     
    A recent summary of the events occurring in Libya. Western forces have taken the side of the rebels and have started bombing Colonel Qaddafi's forces, though they remain determined in their goal of destroying rebel forces in Benghazi.
Jacqueline V

BBC News - Libya unrest: Scores killed in Benghazi 'massacre' - 0 views

www.bbc.co.uk/...world-africa-12517327

shared by Jacqueline V on 24 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • The most bloody attacks were reported over the weekend, as funeral marches were said to have come under machine-gun and heavy weapons fire.
  • Libyan activists opposed to Col Gaddafi, as well as Libyans operating from outside the country, are using social networks Twitter and Facebook and video-sharing site YouTube to share information and images of the protests.
  • "Ninety per cent of these gunshot wounds [were] mainly in the head, the neck, the chest, mainly in the heart," she said.
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