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NEP: New Economics Papers Urban and Real Estate Economics Edited by: Steve Ross University of Connecticut Issue date: 2012-04-17 Papers: 23 Note: Access to full contents may be restricted.  NEP is sponsored by SUNY Oswego. To subscribe/unsubscribe follow this link http://lists.repec.org/mailman/options/nep-ure In this issue we have: Is India's Manufacturing Sector Moving Away From Cities? Ejaz Ghani; Arti Grover Goswami; William R. Kerr A Regional Model of Endogenous Growth with Creative Destruction Steven Bond-Smith Local average neighborhood effects from moving to opportunity Dionissi Aliprantis; Francisca G.-C. Richter Compulsory Schooling Laws and In-School Crime: Are Delinquents Incapacitated? Gregory A. Gilpin; Luke A. Pennig What price a roof? Housing and the cost of living in 16th-century Toledo Drelichman, Mauricio; Gonzalez Agudo, David Well-Being in Germany: GDP and Unemployment Still Matter Johannes Vatter Landfill Diversion in a Decentralized Setting: a Dynamic Assessment of Landfill Taxes Massimiliano Mazzanti; Francesco Nicolli Taxing home ownership: distributional effects of including net imputed rent in taxable income Francesco Figari; Alari Paulus; Holly Sutherland; Panos Tsakloglou; Gerlinde Verbist; Francesca Zantomio Early Childhood "Pay-For-Success" Social Impact Finance: A PKSE Bond Example to Increase School Readiness and Reduce Special Education Costs Robert Dugger; Robert Litan Complex Methods in Economics: An Example of Behavioral Heterogeneity in House Prices Bolt, W.; Demertzis, D.; Diks, C.G.H.; Van der Leij, M.J. Robust Test for Spatial Error Model:Considering Changes of Spatial Layouts and Distribution Misspecification Guo, Penghui; Liu, Lihu Comparing Treatments across Labor Markets: An Assessment of Nonexperimental Multiple-Treatment Strategies Carlos A. Flores; Oscar A. Mitnik Understanding Places Using a Mixed Method Approach Deutsch, Kathleen E; Goulias, Konstadinos G. Hope VI Fairfield Court Neighborhood: 2011 Evaluat

Bubble trouble in Brazil Property prices are skyrocketing in Brazil. The construction sector is booming. And the mortgage market is expanding rapidly. But there is a growing concern that all this is unsustainable. And imbalances in the economy - an overvalued currency and high inflation - are exacerbating the dangers of the looming credit and property bubble. The average asking prices of new apartments across the country soared by 24.7% in April 2011 from a year earlier, according to Exame Magazine (using data from Ibope Intelligence, the largest Brazilian market intelligence firm). Based on the Ibope Intelligence figures, in April 2011:       *In Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro's most expensive district, the average price of        new properties rose 36% y-o-y to BRL13,031 (US$8,212) per sq. m., while the        price of existing properties increased 25% y-o-y to BRL12,134 (US$7,646)        per sq. m.       *In Jardim Paulista, Sao Paolo's most expensive district, the average price        of new properties rose 39% y-o-y to BRL9,120 per sq. m (US$5,747); the        average price of existing properties escalated 49% y-o-y to BRL6,959        (US$4,385) per sq. m. The FIPE ZAP Index of Dwelling Price Offers shows Sao Paolo dwelling prices up 25.9% during the year to April 2011, and up 83.7% over the past 3 years. In just two years (2008-2010), the average selling price of new one-bedroom apartments in São Paulo almost doubled. Newly launched two to four-bedroom apartments increased in value by between 40% and 60% over the same period, according to Embraesp, a local real estate research firm. Looking longer term, from 1996 to 2010, prices of newly launched apartments in São Paolo rose by almost 229% (131.6% in real terms), according to Embraesp, as the accompanying graph shows. For all years since 1996 price rises have been strongly positive, except in 2007, when house prices dropped slightly due

China is going to have a collapse soon. In the last ten years the new construction market has grown at 30% per yer. Its being supported by government paying for massive new real estate development. One day the Gov't in China is going to quit paying for this expansion and then it's really going to hurt.

Real Estate Search Engine Marketing Options inShare Real Estate Search Engine Marketing: Options for Real Estate Agents Using search engines has become one of the most popular activities on the Internet, second only to email. But with millions of websites and billions of web pages, potential homebuyers need a tool that can sift through this clutter to find the realtor websites relevant to their search. Thanks mostly to the techniques pioneered by Google, search engines have become remarkably effective at providing results that are highly relevant to the term or phrase the user searches on like Homes for Sale. But to be relevant, you have to be found, and this is where search engine marketing comes in. What is Real Estate Search Engine Marketing? You may have great inventory, a fantastic local clientele, and a high-end new website, but if that website doesn't show up on the first two pages of Google (or Yahoo, MSN, or Ask Jeeves), you're not getting the exposure you need to remain competitive. Why aren't you showing up? You may have overlooked Real Estate Search Engine Marketing. Effective search engine marketing is about more than just optimizing your website or submitting it to the search engines for indexing. When hundreds or thousands of your competitors are competing with you on your service and keywords, just one Internet marketing technique won't give you high rankings. Studies have proven what most Internet users know already - people usually do not look past the first two pages of search results. And with over 71% of homebuyers initiating their home search on the Internet (according to the National Association of Realtors), you can't afford to miss out on all of those active buyers. And if your site isn't ranked high, it probably isn't pulling in leads either - leads that translate to more sales and more commissions. How does it work? Unlike organic search engine optimization, which you (or your webmasters) can do yourself, Real

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Introduction: Have you ever dreamt of transforming your house into a haven of comfort and style, a space that reflects your unique personality and whispers stories of your life? In the vibrant city of Trichy, where tradition and modernity intertwine, the art of interior design is flourishing, offering the key to unlock the potential within your walls. Skilled interior designers act as your creative companions, translating your vision into a tangible reality, crafting a space that not only looks stunning but also caters to your functional needs. As the demand for these artistic architects of the home grows, let's delve into the world of interior design in Trichy and explore how it can transform your living space into a masterpiece. II. Transforming Your Vision into Reality: The journey towards your dream home begins with a collaborative partnership between you and a skilled interior designer in Trichy. These professionals serve as more than mere decorators; they are visionaries who possess the expertise to translate your aspirations into a tangible reality. Through open communication and a commitment to understanding your unique lifestyle, preferences, and aesthetic sensibilities, the designer acts as your artistic partner. They meticulously translate your intangible vision into a concrete plan, guiding you through the selection of materials, colors, and furniture that will resonate with your personality and seamlessly integrate into your living space. This collaborative process ensures that your home transcends the realm of mere bricks and mortar, transforming into a canvas upon which your individuality is expressed. The designer's expertise lies in harmoniously blending functionality and aesthetics, ensuring that every element, from the strategic placement of furniture to the optimization of natural light, contributes to the creation of a comfortable and visually appealing environment. By partnering with a qualified interior designer in Trichy, you embark on

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Benefits Of Having A Real Estate Agent Website   There are thousands of individuals who rely on selling real estate to make a living. These individuals are known as real estate agents. The majority of real estate agents work for an existing real estate agency; however, there are a number of agents who work on their own. Whether you have your own real estate business or work for an existing company there are number of benefits to having a real estate agent website. Real estate agents are trained professionals that many individuals go to when they need help to sell their existing home or to purchase a new one. A large amount of trust is needed to do business with a real estate agent. New home buyers or sellers want the reassurance that they are doing business with an individual who is working in their best interest. Since it is often hard to develop a sense of trust with an individual that you hardly know a Real Estate Agent Website could come in handy. A real estate website is not guaranteed to prove that a real estate agent is legitimate or offering the best service around; however, it is still helpful. A real estate agent website will give you valuable insight into the personal life and professional training that a real estate agent may have had. A real estate agent website will common have information on the agent in question. Common information may include their age, where they live, any children, any community ties, where they went to school, or any relevant real estate training they may have had. If you are a real estate agent and you currently do not have a real estate agent website you should consider having one made. When making a real estate agent website there are two options that you should consider. You can develop your own website or hire a professional to do it for you. Hiring a professional will cost money; however, professional websites are more likely to increase your website traffic and possibly your real estate sales. The end result would mak

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CHICAGO (MarketWatch) -- Home buyers may soon win more time to get to the closing table to qualify for a federal home-buyer tax credit of up to $8,000. The House of Representatives passed the Homebuyers Assistance and Improvement Act on Tuesday to extend the deadline for the home-buyer tax credit, which would give buyers who have purchase contracts in place three more months to close on the sale. The measure still awaits approval in the Senate; a vote there could come as early as Wednesday. Under the House bill, buyers must close before Oct. 1 to be eligible for the credit. That means people who had hiccups in getting to the closing table would have a few more months to wrap things up. The closing deadline was originally June 30. To be eligible, buyers needed to have a contract in place by April 30, and that won't change through this legislation. The National Association of Realtors estimated that about 180,000 otherwise eligible buyers were likely to miss out on the credit if the original deadline was upheld. One big hurdle for buyers has been getting the mortgage approval on time, as lenders work through a clogged pipeline of applications. In the Senate, the measure to extend the closing date for these buyers is included in a bill that also would extend unemployment insurance. Majority Leader Harry Reid filed for cloture on the bill on Tuesday, and expects to have a cloture vote on the measure on Thursday, according to Reid's office. If cloture is invoked, that limits debate on the bill, bringing it a step closer to a final vote. But Reid said on the Senate floor Wednesday morning that he was working to get an agreement with Republicans to pass the House-passed tax-credit bill by unanimous consent as early as Wednesday, according to Regan Lachapelle, Reid's deputy communications director.

Doing a static business in today's cut throat competition is like living on the edge of a mountain. One miscalculated step, and everything would go down the cliff. Technologies to techniques, everything is changing the speed never even wondered and thus everyone has to be on their toes to quickly adapt and get going with the change. With a tremendous roar happening around Business process improvement, there are many theories and concepts being constantly adapted, molded and remolded.One concept which works well for one enterprise may just flip another enterprises and bring nothing good out of it. It is therefore very essential to understand each concept and choosing the best one to incorporate in your business. There are two basic concepts which are used interchangeably by everyone but have a huge difference in terms of their application. Two such concepts are: Business Process Management and Business Process Re-engineering. Let's first begin by understanding the two concepts. Business process management is described as a process and management discipline that analyzes, implements, documents, monitors, controls and sometimes redesigns the business processes. On the other hand, Business Process Re-engineering is a "radical approach" to current business process. Business process reengineering necessarily means replacing the existing system. Business process re-engineering does not prophesize on documenting or implementing certain changes in the existing business processes. It only takes into consideration the input and the desired output and comes up with an efficient process to achieve the aim. Business Process Management can be looked at as a soft approach which considers the current processes, and believes in flexibility. However, the business process reengineering strives to create a perfect process from scratch and lays emphasis on replacing manual labor by automation. Business Process Management is a continual process which aims at attaining efficiency throug

Awareness of Business Process Management is spreading like fire. Everyone is talking about bringing about change in their business Processes either to sustain the business or to book their profits. Considering the increasing interest in improving Business Process, there are a lot of agencies which have created a business out of it. Many agencies have come up with a variety of plans which claim to improve the business processes and bring about the desired change in the company's existing performance through efficient business processes. There are different schemes that these companies come up with, business process consultancy, project based business process management, business process outsourcing, and many other luring terms. These plans offered may seem promising and potent, but there are many flaws that these companies generally have. Of all the schemes, the most insisted scheme is Business Process outsourcing. As easy and convenient outsourcing of Business Process may sound, it has potential to many threats. Here are a few insights on BPM Outsourcing that explain how it will not benefit your company: 1. Integral to Business: A business process is never one that fits all. Each organization is unique and has its own way of functioning. In fact the uniqueness in these processes is the one that makes each enterprise different from the other. If business processes are outsourced, the uniqueness will have no meaning. 2. Confidentiality: In the cut throat competition where all the businesses procure at the same rate as well as all the products are priced at the same rate. The difference in profit margins is due to the difference in business processes of organizations. The cost cutting, and cost saving all are the outcomes of efficient business processes. No organization would want to make their profit earning secrets public. Outsourcing BPM means relieving all your business secrets to an outsider, making your ideas public! 3. Involvement: Any agency that offers Busin

Implementation of BPM - Three Key Aspects Business Process Management If we go a level deeper, there are three main benefits business process management delivers to an organization. First, BPM helps to focus on what really matters. Studies and research show, that a company only competes with 15 to 20 percent of their processes. 80+ percent are commodity processes that you need to have, that you need to perform, but they can be performed on an industry average level. You cannot gain a competitive advantage by being the best, e.g. in ordering your toilet paper. You need to focus your innovation and optimization activities on what really matters, the 15+% of high impact processes. BPM helps to set the right focus by providing the necessary transparency over the operations of an organization and related specific tools and approaches. The second big impact of BPM is to "Improve in the appropriate context". Process management is not about just applying one improvement method. Many organizations still think they can apply Six-Sigma everywhere and that's the solution. No, not at all. In our digital world, there are areas where you lead with technology, where you automate and other areas where you can try first your people-centric more traditional methods. And there are lots of areas where you combine both. There are processes where you need to innovate, where you apply techniques like design thinking. BPM helps you to select the right approaches, for a specific process in a specific company context. That's improvement the right way. That is the second very important ingredient that BPM brings to an organization. The third aspect is that BPM, BPM helps to sustain those improvements. Again many organizations struggle with the fact that they improve for example their customer relationship process and half a year later they have the same or similar problems again. A value-driven BPM-Discipline puts the right governance around those processes in place to keep them on track, f

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Buy Google Business Reviews Introduction Google is the world's largest search engine, and it's used by millions of people every day to find information on the web. That's why it's important for your business to get positive reviews from people who have used your products or services. If you want to know more about how you can buy google reviews and how they work, read on! Can you buy google reviews for your business? Yes, you can buy google reviews for your business. In fact, it's one of the most popular ways to get great customer feedback and improve your overall online presence. We've already covered why you should be buying google reviews here on our site, but let's take a deeper dive into what they are, how they work and if they're worth it (or not). Do you want to buy google reviews for your business? Buying Google reviews for your business is a great way to boost your ratings and get more positive reviews. But how do you go about it? And what are some of the best places to buy google reviews?

Buy Google Business Reviews Introduction Google is the world's largest search engine, and it's used by millions of people every day to find information on the web. That's why it's important for your business to get positive reviews from people who have used your products or services. If you want to know more about how you can buy google reviews and how they work, read on! Can you buy google reviews for your business? Yes, you can buy google reviews for your business. In fact, it's one of the most popular ways to get great customer feedback and improve your overall online presence. We've already covered why you should be buying google reviews here on our site, but let's take a deeper dive into what they are, how they work and if they're worth it (or not). Do you want to buy google reviews for your business? Buying Google reviews for your business is a great way to boost your ratings and get more positive reviews. But how do you go about it? And what are some of the best places to buy google reviews? We'll cover all that and more in this article. How can I get more positive Google ratings? If you're looking for more positive reviews, here are some tips: Respond to reviews that are negative. The best way to respond is by thanking the reviewer for their honest feedback and explaining how you will use it as a learning opportunity, or by offering a discount if they would like one or two more items from your store. Respond to reviews that are neutral or positive with an explanation that explains why your product/service was better than another similar product/service (but also highlights any benefits of using yours). This helps show customers why they should choose YOU over others in terms of quality and value! Responding to fake ones with facts about yourself can help combat this issue before it gets out of hand! Also try contacting the owner directly via email so they know what happened was not intentional; this may result in removing their acco

What is Instagram? This is the question peoples don't need the answer because everybody knows that is one of a kind social networking site available today. Instagram is an online mobile photo sharing, video sharing, and social networking service that enables its users to take pictures and videos, and share them either publicly or privately on the mobile app. Peoples are here to share their precious moments with friends, family, colleagues and known circle. They share their photos with them and got likes on photos by their instagram circle. As many likes they receive the post become popular on instagram among circle. Beside this social activity some people use instagram as their advertising platform. User post their business related photos and their instagram circle likes them the many likes the photo got, become more popular not only within the circle but on whole instagram. It means those people can see the photos who not in your instagram circle.Having a good number of likes is very important. Believe it or not, but this number represents the popularity of your image as well as yours reputation. It is like a review in a sense. Your pictures are great, but in such a big social network as Instagram, your viewers will most likely skip your content without even properly looking at it if you don't have the likes to back it up well. instagram likes blog For example: You are a popular Photographer in your local surrounding but want to spread your work national and international basis but you can't find the way. Luckily you find the instagram but don't know how to use it. One of your friends told you to post your photos on instagram and you do it. Friends, Colleagues, Friends of friends like it, become popular among the Instagram. Next day you receive a hefty contract from your desired city, country or continent and "Zoom" you sitting on throne of your success. Amazed! It's true and it's really happen but something large you want to do the magic. *