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Solar Photovoltaics | Solar Energy - 0 views

  • What are photovoltaics? The word comes from “photo” (light) and “voltaic” (energy produced by a chemical reaction). Photovoltaic technology refers to the conversion of light into energy at the atomic level. Certain materials, such as silicon, cadmium, and selenium, have the ability to absorb light photons and release electrons. Solar photovoltaic technology harnesses these freed electrons and uses their electric current as DC electricity (NASA 2002). Fully powered by the sun, solar photovoltaics are a free, clean, and renewable source of energy that can be used independently of or in conjunction with conventional grid energy. Unlike solar thermal systems, solar energy panels require little maintenance, necessitate no moving parts, and last for 30-40 years.
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    " Photovoltaics: The Science Behind Solar Energy           What are photovoltaics? The word comes from "photo" (light) and "voltaic" (energy produced by a chemical reaction). Photovoltaic technology refers to the conversion of light into energy at the atomic level. Certain materials, such as silicon, cadmium, and selenium, have the ability to absorb light photons and release electrons. Solar photovoltaic technology harnesses these freed electrons and uses their electric current as DC electricity (NASA 2002). Fully powered by the sun, solar photovoltaics are a free, clean, and renewable source of energy that can be used independently of or in conjunction with conventional grid energy."
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Solar power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • The Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of solar power are in the range of 22 to 46  g/kWh depending on if solar thermal or solar PV is being analyzed, respectively. With this potentially being decreased to 15 g/kWh in the future.[71] For comparison (of weighted averages), a combined cycle gas-fired power plant emits some 400-599 g/kWh,
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    Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaics convert light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.
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Energy Resources: Solar power - 0 views

  • Advantages
  • Solar energy is free - it needs no fuel and produces no waste or pollution.
  • Handy for low-power uses such as solar powered garden lights and battery chargers, or for helping your home energy bills.
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  • Disadvantages
  • Very expensive to build solar power stations, although the cost is coming down as technology improves. In the meantime, solar cells cost a great deal compared to the amount of electricity they'll produce in their lifetime.
  • Is it renewable? Solar power is renewable. The Sun will keep on shining anyway, so it makes sense to use it.
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Solar Power-Advantages and Disadvantages - 0 views

  • Advantage: Solar energy is a completely renewable resource
  • The Solar Cells and Solar Panels that are needed to harness solar energy tend to be very expensive when you first purchase them.
  • Solar powered panels and products are typically extremely easy to install
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The Disadvantages Of A Solar Generator | LIVESTRONG.COM - 1 views

  • Solar power generators offer a no-emission alternative to ones that use fossil fuel. These generators come in small, portable sizes for temporary power or larger arrays for permanent energy production.
  • availability of sunlight given local weather conditions and the resilience of the photovoltaic cells when purchasing a solar generator.
  • Most photovoltaic cells rely on silicon crystals to generate power. Demand for silicon has driven its price higher, meaning a solar generator can require a sizable initial investment. In fact, SolarBuzz notes that 45 percent of solar cell cost comes from the silicon wafer. Typical 2 kilowatt solar generators cost from $16,000 to $20,000.
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  • Solar generators powerful enough to supply electricity for a whole home also require a lot of space, with roof-mounted panels needing at least 50 square feet and possibly as much as
  • 1,000 square feet. Lack of Durability
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How do Photovoltaics Work? - NASA Science - 1 views

  • Photovoltaics is the direct conversion of light into electricity at the atomic level. Some materials exhibit a property known as the photoelectric effect that causes them to absorb photons of light and release electrons. When these free electrons are captured, an electric current results that can be used as electricity.
  • When light energy strikes the solar cell, electrons are knocked loose from the atoms in the semiconductor material. If electrical conductors are attached to the positive and negative sides, forming an electrical circuit, the electrons can be captured in the form of an electric current -- that is, electricity. This electricity can then be used to power a load, such as a light or a tool.
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    " Solar cells are made of the same kinds of semiconductor materials, such as silicon, used in the microelectronics industry. For solar cells, a thin semiconductor wafer is specially treated to form an electric field, positive on one side and negative on the other. When light energy strikes the solar cell, electrons are knocked loose from the atoms in the semiconductor material. If electrical conductors are attached to the positive and negative sides, forming an electrical circuit, the electrons can be captured in the form of an electric current -- that is, electricity. This electricity can then be used to power a load, such as a light or a too"
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    "The photoelectric effect was first noted by a French physicist, Edmund Bequerel, in 1839, who found that certain materials would produce small amounts of electric current when exposed to light. In 1905, Albert Einstein described the nature of light and the photoelectric effect on which photovoltaic technology is based, for which he later won a Nobel prize in physics. The first photovoltaic module was built by Bell Laboratories in 1954. It was billed as a solar battery and was mostly just a curiosity as it was too expensive to gain widespread use. In the 1960s, the space industry began to make the first serious use of the technology to provide power aboard spacecraft. Through the space programs, the technology advanced, its reliability was established, and the cost began to decline. During the energy crisis in the 1970s, photovoltaic technology gained recognition as a source of power for non-space applications."
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Solar Power and Climate Change - 2 views

  • Solar power and its partners in the renewable energy movement are our best bet toward curbing our part in climate change.
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Tidal power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views

  • The first tidal power station was the Rance tidal power plant built over a period of 6 years from 1960 to 1966 at La Rance, France.[8] It has 240 MW installed capacity.
  • Historically, tide mills have been used, both in Europe and on the Atlantic coast of North America. The incoming water was contained in large storage ponds, and as the tide went out, it turned waterwheels that used the mechanical power it produced to mill grain. [1] The earliest occurrences date from the Middle Ages, or even from Roman times.[2][3] It was only in the 19th century that the process of using falling water and spinning turbines to create electricity was introduced in the U.S. and Europe.[
  • Tides are more predictable than wind energy and solar power.
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  • relatively high cost and limited availability of sites with sufficiently high tidal ranges or flow velocities, thus constricting its total availability. However, many recent technological developments and improvements, both in design (e.g. dynamic tidal power, tidal lagoons) and turbine technology (e.g. new axial turbines, cross flow turbines), indicate that the total availability of tidal power may be much higher than previously assumed
  • Tidal stream generator Main article: Tidal stream generator Tidal stream generators (or TSGs) make use of the kinetic energy of moving water to power turbines, in a similar way to wind turbines that use wind to power turbines. Some tidal generators can be built into the structures of existing bridges, involving virtually no aesthetic problems. Likewise, “tidal bridging” is a relatively new advancement that is gaining recognition as a more practical and beneficial way to generate tidal power. Blue Energy Canada is a company that is focused on building bridges to match today's demands. [9]
  • The first study of large scale tidal power plants was by the US Federal Power Commission in 1924 which if built would have been located in the northern border area of the US state of Maine and the south eastern border area of the Canadian province of New Brunswick, with various dams, powerhouses and ship locks enclosing the Bay of Fundy and Passamaquoddy Bay (note: see map in reference). Nothing came of the study and it is unknown whether Canada had been approached about the study by the US Federal Power Commission.[10] There was also a report on the international commission in April 1961 entitled " Investigation of the International Passamaquoddy Tidal Power Project" produced by both the US and Canadian Federal Governments.
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How Solar Works in 4 Steps « Energy4Home - 0 views

  • 1) Individual silicon based (most commonly) cells called photovoltaics (PV) make up the modern day solar panel. These PV cell clusters perform the task of converting incoming sunlight directly into electricity. 2) Wires attached to the panels transport the converted electricity to a piece of equipment called an inverter. The job of the inverter is to convert the solar generated Direct Current (DC) electricity into the type of power your home can use, which is called Alternating Current (AC). 3) After the electricity travels through the inverter, the AC electricity is then transported via wire to your breaker panel to meet your home’s electric demands. 4) The process doesn’t end there, though. There are times when your panels will generate more power than you consume and times when you aren’t generating enough electricity (night times and periods of low light). When your panels are not generating enough solar electricity, you will continue to get power from your local utility. However, when you’re generating a surplus of solar electricity, that excess clean energy will be “net metered” to your local utility grid and you may earn a credit on your power bill for that net metered electricity.
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NREL: Learning - Solar Photovoltaic Technology Basics - 1 views

  • The PV effect was discovered in 1954, when scientists at Bell Telephone discovered that silicon (an element found in sand) created an electric charge when exposed to sunlight.
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    "The PV effect was discovered in 1954, when scientists at Bell Telephone discovered that silicon (an element found in sand) created an electric charge when exposed to sunlight. Soon solar cells were being used to power space satellites and smaller items like calculators and watches. Today, thousands of people power their homes and businesses with individual solar PV systems. Utility companies are also using PV technology for large power stations. "
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How Much Solar Energy is Used in the World? | Solar Energy Facts - 1 views

  • How much solar energy is used in the world? Global capacity for solar energy production reached 39.8 GigaWatts (0.0398 terawatts) in 2010 . Here are the top 10 solar energy producing countries in the world:
  • United States (1,650 MW
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    how much solar energy is used in the US

fossil fuels BP - 0 views

started by blackmerbru98 on 03 Oct 13 no follow-up yet
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What is tidal energy - How tidal works? - Tidal energy - 0 views

  • tidal energy uses tidal strength of water and back and forth movement  in seas, rivers or oceans. Tidal power exploits kinetic energy of water that power water turbines with its movement between the wings which rotate the turbine to produce electricity.
  • For producing significant amount of energy out of tidal water turbines, range of tides should be high and substantial amount of water should be there for pushing water through the turbine.
  • It is significantly important to spot the appropriate place which provide suitable and sustainable conditions to produce tidal energy, there are plenty of places around the globe which provide good conditions for installing water turbines and then produce electricity use tidal power of oceans in the location.
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  • Once tidal power plant is built its’ electricity is free. It does not emit greenhouse gasses, carbon emission gasses which pollute environment. It does not have any dependency of any fossil fuel including furnace oil, gasses, etc; it needs no oil what so ever to produce electricity. Tidal power technology is renewable energy, which uses tidal and waves of same water for producing electricity over and over again. Tidal power technology like all renewable energy is clean energy and does not leave much impact on environment. Tidal power plants does not require much maintenance, therefore it is maintenance cost free. Tidal energy stations have about 80 % efficiency ratio, where as fossil fuel have approximately 30 % for efficiency levels. Tides in oceans are very predictable, its easy to judge when strong tides are going to show up from water consider weather and other conditions. The better tides and wave strengths of the oceans is, improved the efficiency of the station is. Electricity does not fluctuate on large scale using tidal energy as it happens in solar power technology.
  • Electricity can only be produced when tides are high in the sea, once ocean is calm and does not flow certain level of waves, it cannot produce electricity. Therefore electricity can be produced for only 10 hrs a day in presence of tides.
  • Tidal power plants are not cost effective. Millions of dollars are utilized for developing tidal power which could provide electricity in Megawatts.
  • Once tidal power plant is built its’ electricity is free. It does not emit greenhouse gasses, carbon emission gasses which pollute environment. It does not have any dependency of any fossil fuel including furnace oil, gasses, etc; it needs no oil what so ever to produce electricity. Tidal power technology is renewable energy, which uses tidal and waves of same water for producing electricity over and over again. Tidal power technology like all renewable energy is clean energy and does not leave much impact on environment. Tidal power plants does not require much maintenance, therefore it is maintenance cost free. Tidal energy stations have about 80 % efficiency ratio, where as fossil fuel have approximately 30 % for efficiency levels. Tides in oceans are very predictable, its easy to judge when strong tides are going to show up from water consider weather and other conditions. The better tides and wave strengths of the oceans is, improved the efficiency of the station is. Electricity does not fluctuate on large scale using tidal energy as it happens in solar power technology.
  • not appropriate to risk £15 millions worth of money. This is the main reason why this project is yet start
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Photovoltaic power station - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • A photovoltaic power station, also known as a solar park, is a large-scale photovoltaic system designed for the supply of merchant power into the electricity grid. They are differentiated from most building-mounted and other decentralised solar power applications because they supply power at the utility level, rather than to a local user or users. They are sometimes also referred to as solar farms or solar ranches, especially when sited in agricultural areas.
  • Most stations are sited within a few kilometres of a suitable grid connection point. This network needs to be capable of absorbing the output of the solar park when operating at its maximum capacity. The project developer will normally have to absorb the cost of providing powerlines to this point and making the connection; in addition often to any costs associated with upgrading the grid, so it can accommodate the output from the plant.
  • Income is therefore affected not only by the reliability of equipment within the plant, but also by the availability of the grid network to which it is exporting
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Tidal Power: Nature's renewable hydro electric engine: Additional info - 2 views

  • Tidal power energy is still being studied and developed, but in the future it could be a major renewable hydropower energy source.
  • England, for example, could supply over 10 percent of its electricity in this way.
  • . Wind and solar energy generators convert much less.
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  • They can convert about 80 percent of the energy into electricity
  • Another disadvantage is that the start-up costs involved are very high and a lot of time is required for the construction projects, which can cost millions of dollars and take up to 10 years to build
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    Tidal hydropower energy has various advantages. The first of these is reliability and consistency. Other alternative energy sources like wind and solar can have varying amounts of energy generated depending on the weather conditions. Tidal power energy can generate electricity by the clock and indefinitely. This means that shortages can be easily avoided. In addition, tidal turbines are efficient when it comes to generating energy. They can convert about 80 percent of the energy into electricity. Wind and solar energy generators convert much less. Of course, another great benefit of tidal power renewable energy is that it is environmentally friendly. There are no CO2 emissions that are damaging to the atmosphere or Sulfur Dioxide emissions responsible for acid rain.
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How much greenhouse gas does a solar power system replace? | Solar Powered in Toronto - 1 views

  • kilowatt system will replace around 2.5 tonnes of greenhouse gases, possibly more. It depends on what your annual output is, and what the local mix of power sources is in your province/state/country.
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    So a 3 kilowatt system will replace around 2.5 tonnes of greenhouse gases, possibly more. It depends on what your annual output is, and what the local mix of power sources is in your province/state/country.
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How much more expensive is solar energy than fossil fuels - 0 views

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    "Fossil fuel power stations typically cost about $2.1 dollars per watt to build solar stations around $7 at present. The efficiency is increasing and costs are falling. This of course does not represent the cost to the consumer. In addition it does not take into account all the various other costs and the advantages and disadvantages of each. Fuel (fossil stations), poor sunlight (solar stations). Maintenance costs are similar for single plants but solar stations do not have the capacity of fossil fuel stations."
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Where does solar energy come from - 1 views

  • Solar energy originates in the depths of our sun. The sun endures a continuous stream of thermonuclear explosions as hydrogen atoms are fused into helium atoms. We encounter the resultant energy as radiation that strikes the surface of the earth.
    • kenyonlau99
       
      so once the rays of the sun hit the solar panel it then is turned into energy .Fully powered by the sun.
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    "Solar energy originates in the depths of our sun."
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    Where solar energy is formed and how it is formed.
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    .Fully powered by the sun.
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What Is Solar Energy - 0 views

  • Solar energy is the radiant energy produced by the Sun. It is both light and heat
  • What is solar energy? Solar energy is the radiant energy produced by the Sun. It is both light and heat. It, along with secondary solar-powered resources such as wind and wave power, account for the majority of the renewable energy on Earth.
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How Much Solar Energy Can We Harvest? - 2 views

  • The sun delivers about 7000 times more energy than we currently consume globally. However, we cannot cover the whole surface of the Earth with solar energy collectors. How much of this energy can we collect? Will it be enough to replace fossil fuels?
  • Our global consumption of electricity in 2005 was 15,182 TWh/y (see The Little Green Handbook). However, 9,541 TWh/y of electricity was produced by fossil fuels and 2,555 TWh/y by nuclear power, or the total 12,096 TWh/y. Assuming the lowest solar potential and the lowest efficiency of solar cells we can calculate that we could produce 35 times more electricity than produced by fossil fuels and nuclear power. The additional advantage is that solar power is clean and last practically forever.
  • Even if we used only 1% of unused land area we could produce nearly 4 times more electricity than we produce using fossil fuels and nuclear power.
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