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dpurdy

EIA Energy Kids - Biomass - 1 views

www.eia.gov/...energy.cfm

biofuels pollution sustainable co2

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Biomass is organic material made from plants and animals (microorganisms). Biomass contains stored energy from the sun. Plants absorb the sun's energy in a process called photosynthesis. The chemical energy in plants gets passed on to animals and people that eat them. Biomass is a renewable energy source because we can always grow more trees and crops, and waste will always exist. Some examples of biomass fuels are wood, crops, manure, and some garbage. When burned, the chemical energy in biomass is released as heat. If you have a fireplace, the wood you burn in it is a biomass fuel. Wood waste or garbage can be burned to produce steam for making electricity, or to provide heat to industries and homes.
  • Crops like corn and sugar cane can be fermented to produce ethanol. Biodiesel, another transportation fuel, can be produced from left-over food products like vegetable oils and animal fats.
  • Ethanol and biodiesel were the fuels used in the first automobile and diesel engines, but lower cost gasoline and diesel fuel made from crude oil became the dominant vehicle fuels. The Federal government has promoted ethanol use in vehicles to help reduce oil imports since the mid-1970s.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Compared to petroleum diesel, biodiesel combustion produces less sulfur oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and unburned and other hydrocarbons, but more nitrogen oxide.
  • Growing plants for biofuels is controversial however, as the land, fertilizers, and energy used to grow biofuel crops could be used to grow food crops instead. Also, in some parts of the world, large areas of natural vegetation and forests have been cut down to grow sugar cane for ethanol and soybeans and palm-oil trees to make biodiesel.
  • Biofuels may be considered to be carbon-neutral because the plants that are used to make biofuels (such as corn and sugarcane for ethanol, and soy beans and palm oil trees for biodiesel) absorb CO2 as they grow and may offset the CO2 produced when biofuels are made and burned.
  • Biomass — Renewable Energy from Plants and Animals Source: The National Energy Education Project (Public Domain) Source: The National Energy Education Project (Public Domain) Biomass is organic material made from plants
  • Biomass fuels provided about 4% of the energy used in the United States in 2010. Of this, about 46% was from wood and wood-derived biomass, 43% from biofuels (mainly ethanol),
dpurdy

NREL: Learning - Wind Energy Basics - 0 views

www.nrel.gov/...re_wind.html

wind uses

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - Cached
  • Applications These wind turbines near Lamar, Colorado, are part of the 162-MW Colorado Green Wind Farm. Each turbine produces 1.5 megawatts of electricity. Wind turbines can be used as stand-alone applications, or they can be connected to a utility power grid or even combined with a photovoltaic (solar cell) system. For utility-scale (megawatt-sized) sources of wind energy, a large number of wind turbines are usually built close together to form a wind plant. Several electricity providers today use wind plants to supply power to their customers.
  • anonymous on 02 Oct 13
     
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dpurdy

Photovoltaics - Lighting the World - 1 views

solardev.com/SEIA-lightworld.php

solar location potential current

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • 200,000 homes in the U.S. use some type of photovoltaic solar technology-and the market is expanding at a healthy 15% annually.
  • PV modules covering 0.3% of the land in the U.S., equivalent to one fourth of the area currently occupied by railroads, could provide all of the US's electricity needs.
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dpurdy

PowerPedia:Solar Energy - PESWiki - 2 views

peswiki.com/...PowerPedia:Solar_Energy

solar pollution location grid

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Solar power is pollution free during use. Production end wastes and emissions are manageable using existing pollution controls.
  • In situations where connection to the electricity grid is difficult, costly, or impossible (such as island communities, areas not served by a power grid, illuminated roadside signs, and ocean-going vessels) harvesting solar power is often an economically competitive alternative to energy from traditional source
  • Intermittency: It is not available at night and is reduced when there is cloud cover, decreasing the reliability of peak output performance or requiring a means of energy storage.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Locations at high latitudes or with frequent substantial cloud cover offer reduced potential for solar power use.
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dpurdy

RenewableUK - Where Does Tidal Energy Come From? - 0 views

www.bwea.com/tides.html

what Tide

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Where Does Tidal Energy Come From? The gravitational force of the Earth stops the ocean from floating off into space, just like everything else. The Moon also has a very weak gravitational effect on the Earth, which is not normally noticable as far as falling teacups are concerned, but the ocean, which can flow around the globe to even out differences, is noticably affected.
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dpurdy

What is wave energy? | Pelamis Wave Power - 4 views

www.pelamiswave.com/...what-is-wave-energy

wave what pollution sustainable co2 form

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • What is wave energy? Waves are generated by the passage of wind across the surface of the sea.  Energy is transferred from the wind to the waves.  Waves travel vast distances across the ocean and at great speed and the energy is concentrated near the water surface.  The energy within a wave is proportional to the square of the wave height.  Therefore a two-meter high wave has four times the power of a one-meter high wave. The longer and stronger the wind blows over the surface of the sea, the higher, longer, faster and more powerful the sea is.
  • Although wave energy is a form of concentrated wind energy, as it has often travelled over large distances it is regularly out of phase with the local wind conditions.  Wave energy can therefore help to balance output variability from other renewable sources and maximise the efficient use of the electricity networks.   Wave energy is also more predictable than many other forms of renewable energy, such as wind or solar, and can be forecast accurately up to five days in advance.
  • Wave energy is clean and renewable!  It is one of the last renewable energy forms which mankind has yet to harness, and its potential is huge.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Wave energy could play a major part in the world’s efforts to combat climate change, potentially displacing 1 – 2 billion tonnes of CO2 per annum from conventional fossil fuel generating sources.
tavarreskat99

Tidal Energy | Pros for Wave and Tidal Power - 3 views

www.oceanenergycouncil.com/...Tidal-Energy.html

pollution tide

shared by tavarreskat99 on 03 Nov 11 - Cached
  • Tidal energy is one of the oldest forms of energy used by humans. Indeed, tide mills, in use on the Spanish, French and British coasts, date back to 787 A.D.. Tide mills consisted of a storage pond, filled by the incoming (flood) tide through a sluice and emptied during the outgoing (ebb) tide through a water wheel. The tides turned waterwheels, producing mechanical power to mill grain. We even have one remaining in New York- which worked well into the 20th century.
  • Tidal power is non-polluting, reliable and predictable.Tidal barrages, undersea tidal turbines - like wind turbines but driven by the sea - and a variety of machines harnessing undersea currents are under development. Unlike wind and waves, tidal currents are entirely predictable.
  • A tidal range of at least 7 m is required for economical operation and for sufficient head of water for the turbines
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • Currently, although the technology required to harness tidal energy is well established, tidal power is expensive, and there is only one major tidal generating station in operation. This is a 240 megawatt (1 megawatt = 1 MW = 1 million watts) at the mouth of the La Rance river estuary on the northern coast of France
  • Tidal electricity can be used to displace electricity which would otherwise be generated by fossil fuel (coal, oil, natural gas) fired power plants, thus reducing emissions of greenhouse and acid gasses.
  • There is a high capital cost for a tidal energy project, with possibly a 10-year construction period.
  • Electricity can be generated by water flowing both into and out of a bay. As there are two high and two low tides each day, electrical generation from tidal power plants is characterized by periods of maximum generation every twelve hours, with no electricity generation at the six hour mark in between.
  • Tidal energy is a renewable source of electricity which does not result in the emission of gases responsible for global warming or acid rain associated with fossil fuel generated electricity. Use of tidal energy could also decrease the need for nuclear power, with its associated radiation risks. Changing tidal flows by damming a bay or estuary could, however, result in negative impacts on aquatic and shoreline ecosystems, as well as navigation and recreation.
  • Indeed, tide mills, in use on the Spanish, French and British coasts,
  • date back to 787 A.D..
  • Tidal power is non-polluting, reliable and predictable.Tidal barrages, undersea tidal turbines - like wind turbines but driven by the sea - and a variety of machines harnessing undersea currents are under development. Unlike wind and waves, tidal currents are entirely predictable.
  • idal energy is one of the oldest forms of energy used by humans. Indeed, tide mills, in use on the Spanish, French and British coasts, date back to 787 A.D.. Tide mills consisted of a storage pond, filled by the incoming (flood) tide through a sluice and emptied during the outgoing (ebb) tide through a water wheel. The tides turned waterwheels, producing mechanical power to mill grain. We even have one remaining in New York- which worked well into the 20th century. Tidal power is non-polluting, reliable and predictable.Tidal barrages, undersea tidal turbines - like wind turbines but driven by the sea - and a variety of machines harnessing undersea currents are under development. Unlike wind and waves, tidal currents are entirely predictable.
  • Tidal power is non-polluting, reliable and predictable.Tidal barrages, undersea tidal turbines - like wind turbines but driven by the sea - and a variety of machines harnessing undersea currents are under development. Unlike wind and waves, tidal currents are entirely predictable.
  • butlerlei98 on 08 Mar 13
     
    "Tidal power is non-polluting, reliable and predictable.Tidal barrages, undersea tidal turbines - like wind turbines but driven by the sea - and a variety of machines harnessing undersea currents are under development. Unlike wind and waves, tidal currents are entirely predictable."
  • kramerjac99 on 11 Mar 13
     
    when it started to be used and who it was used by.
wrighteri99

Tidal Energy Use - Pros and Cons - 0 views

www.energy-consumers-edge.com/tidal_energy_use.html

cost

shared by wrighteri99 on 03 Nov 11 - Cached
  • Tidal energy use harnesses the water flow created primarily by the moon orbiting the Earth. As water is pulled toward the gravity of the moon, currents are created that can turn generator turbines.
  • Tidal energy use involving dams creates many of the same environmental concerns as damming rivers. Tidal dams restrict fish migration and cause silt build up which affects tidal basin ecosystems in negative ways. Systems that take advantage of natural narrow channels with high tidal flow rates have less negative environmental impact than dammed systems. But they are not without environmental problems. Both systems use turbines that can cause fish kills. But these are being replaced by new, more fish friendly turbines. The art and science of environmentally friendly hydro engineering is well advanced and will certainly be applied to any tidal energy project.
  • Because of intermittency and variable flow problems of tidal energy, it is a very limited resource. The DOE Tidal Energy link, above, states that there are only about 40 really good sites on Earth with high enough flows to be considered economically practical
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Natural current driven tidal generators can be built into the structure of existing bridges. These generators will involve virtually no aesthetic problems.
  • Tidal energy use may not be a big player in our energy future, but it can make a contribution.
  • wrighteri99 on 05 Nov 12
     
    Tidal energy 
rascoekat00

Tidal power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Tidal_power

tidal power history

shared by rascoekat00 on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • The first tidal power station was the Rance tidal power plant built over a period of 6 years from 1960 to 1966 at La Rance, France.[8] It has 240 MW installed capacity.
  • Historically, tide mills have been used, both in Europe and on the Atlantic coast of North America. The incoming water was contained in large storage ponds, and as the tide went out, it turned waterwheels that used the mechanical power it produced to mill grain. [1] The earliest occurrences date from the Middle Ages, or even from Roman times.[2][3] It was only in the 19th century that the process of using falling water and spinning turbines to create electricity was introduced in the U.S. and Europe.[
  • Tides are more predictable than wind energy and solar power.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • relatively high cost and limited availability of sites with sufficiently high tidal ranges or flow velocities, thus constricting its total availability. However, many recent technological developments and improvements, both in design (e.g. dynamic tidal power, tidal lagoons) and turbine technology (e.g. new axial turbines, cross flow turbines), indicate that the total availability of tidal power may be much higher than previously assumed
  • Tidal stream generator Main article: Tidal stream generator Tidal stream generators (or TSGs) make use of the kinetic energy of moving water to power turbines, in a similar way to wind turbines that use wind to power turbines. Some tidal generators can be built into the structures of existing bridges, involving virtually no aesthetic problems. Likewise, “tidal bridging” is a relatively new advancement that is gaining recognition as a more practical and beneficial way to generate tidal power. Blue Energy Canada is a company that is focused on building bridges to match today's demands. [9]
  • The first study of large scale tidal power plants was by the US Federal Power Commission in 1924 which if built would have been located in the northern border area of the US state of Maine and the south eastern border area of the Canadian province of New Brunswick, with various dams, powerhouses and ship locks enclosing the Bay of Fundy and Passamaquoddy Bay (note: see map in reference). Nothing came of the study and it is unknown whether Canada had been approached about the study by the US Federal Power Commission.[10] There was also a report on the international commission in April 1961 entitled " Investigation of the International Passamaquoddy Tidal Power Project" produced by both the US and Canadian Federal Governments.
dpurdy

Biofuel crops may worsen global warming: study - CTV News - 0 views

www.ctv.ca/...biofuel_crops_080209

global warming

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • "Our study found that any biofuel that causes clearing of natural ecosystems will increase global warming," Joe Fargione, a scientist for The Nature Conservancy, told CTV.ca.
  • He said converting natural areas into croplands results in tons of carbon being emitted into the atmosphere -- a carbon 'debt' that outweighs any benefits.
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dpurdy

Biomass Energy Home Page Biomass Energy: Cost of Production - 0 views

www.oregon.gov/...Cost.shtml

cost

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • The cost of producing ethanol varies with the cost of the feedstock used and the scale of production. Approximately 85 percent of ethanol production capacity in the United States relies on corn feedstock. The cost of producing ethanol from corn is estimated to be about $1.10 per gallon.
  • Because a gallon of ethanol contains less energy than a gallon of gasoline, the production cost of ethanol must be multiplied by a factor of 1.5 to make an energy-cost comparison with gasoline. This means that if ethanol costs $1.10 per gallon to produce, then the effective cost per gallon to equal the energy contained in a gallon of gasoline is $1.65. In contrast, the current wholesale price of gasoline is about 90 cents per gallon.
  • A major hurdle facing commercial biodiesel production is the cost of producing the fuel. Vegetable oil seed procurement, transport, storage and oil extraction accounts for at least 75 percent of the cost of producing biodiesel. The cost varies depending on the feedstock used. For example, based on the market price for industrial rapeseed grown in Washington and Idaho, the estimated cost of producing biodiesel is $2.56 per gallon of rapeseed methyl ester. Recent estimates put the cost of production in the range of $1.30 per gallon (using waste grease feedstock) to $2.00 or more per gallon using soybean oil.
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dpurdy

Connecting renewable energy to the grid - 2 views

www.abb.com/...f7a3a6aedc12577c20033dbf5.aspx

grid solar wind transported

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Big cities need large amounts of electricity to function. Often, this is transported from generating sites located in remote areas hundreds or even thousands of kilometers away. The question is how to move as much electricity as possible from renewable generation sites like hydro plants and wind parks without impairing the function of the power networks that need it.
  • One of the challenges of renewable power generation like wind and solar power is that it can be interrupted, and this variability affects the stability of the power produced
  • The "smart grid" will create a power network that is more reliable, flexible, secure and efficient
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Power grids are facing a major transformation, driven by the need to integrate renewable energy
dpurdy

Tidal Power - Generating electricity from tidal currents - 2 views

www.alternative-energy-news.info/...tidal-power

tidal tide potential future wave

shared by dpurdy on 08 Nov 11 - Cached
  • "But if we could harness 0.1 percent of the energy in the ocean, we could support the energy needs of 15 billion people.
  • anonymous on 05 Oct 13
     
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dpurdy

World_energy_consumption_by_type_2006.png (763×277) - 4 views

upload.wikimedia.org/...y_consumption_by_type_2006.png

world energy consumption fossil current

shared by dpurdy on 07 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • carrowluk99 on 22 Oct 12
     
    about 6.27% of energy is generated by hydrogen fuel cells
dpurdy

Geothermal Energy - 0 views

www.conserve-energy-future.com/GeothermalEnergy.php

geothermal potential future

shared by dpurdy on 07 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Future Of Geothermal Energy The future of geothermal energy depends on three factors: it's demand, supply and it's competitiveness among other renewable resources in terms of cost, availability, reliability etc.. Demand for geothermal energy is going to increase and increase with the increase in the population and extinction of other non-renewable sources. Moreover, today government also support the resources which are cleaner and do not spoil the environment. Supply of geothermal energy is limited and confined to certain areas only.
  • anonymous on 05 Oct 13
     
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dpurdy

Geothermal Education Office - Geothermal Energy - 2 views

geothermal.marin.org/geoenergy.html

geothermal pollution co2 cost

shared by dpurdy on 07 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Like many renewable resources, geothermal resources need relatively high initial investments to access the heat, hot water and steam. But the geothermal "fuel" cost is predictable and stable. Fossil fuel supplies will increase in cost as reserves are exhausted. Fossil fuel supplies can be interrupted political disputes abroad. Renewable geothermal energy is a better long term investment.
  • Examples are the huge costs of global climate change; the health effects from ground level pollution of the air; future effects of pollution of water and land; military expenditures to protect petroleum sources and supply routes; and costs of safely storing radioactive waste for generations. Geothermal energy can already compete with the direct costs of conventional fuels in some locations and is a clean, indigenous, renewable resource without hidden external costs.
  • anonymous on 05 Oct 13
     
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dpurdy

Pun Alert: Geothermal Energy Gains Steam - 1 views

www.triplepundit.com/...-geothermal-energy-gains-steam

geothermal current

shared by dpurdy on 07 Nov 11 - No Cached
    • dpurdy
      dpurdy on 07 Nov 11
       
      Graphic of current geothermal capacity
  • anonymous on 05 Oct 13
     
    today hindi news,today news talmi,hindi news www.killdo.de.gg
coonari98

Geothermal electricity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Geothermal_electricity

potential

shared by coonari98 on 07 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Estimates of the electricity generating potential of geothermal energy vary from 35 to 2,000 GW.[2] Current worldwide installed capacity is 10,715 megawatts (MW), with the largest capacity in the United States (3,086 MW),[3] Philippines, and Indonesia.
  • coonari98 on 22 Oct 12
     
    " Dry steam plant Flash steam plant"
dpurdy

Inside story: Hot rocks and high hopes | The Economist - 0 views

www.economist.com/16909897

geothermal potential future

shared by dpurdy on 07 Nov 11 - Cached
  • Engineered geothermal systems (EGS) are based on a related principle, but they work even in parts of the world that are not volcanically active, by drilling thousands of metres underground to mimic the design of natural steam or hot-water reservoirs. Wells are bored and pathways are created inside hot rocks, into which cold water is injected. The water heats up as it circulates and is then brought back to the surface, where the heat is extracted to generate electricity. Because the Earth gets hotter the deeper you drill, EGS could expand the reach of geothermal power enormously and provide access to a virtually inexhaustible energy resource.
  • dpurdy on 07 Nov 11
     
    Future method is to drill very deep and inject water. THis will give us many more sites where we can develop geothermal energy.,
  • anonymous on 05 Oct 13
     
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dpurdy

Enhanced geothermal energy - 0 views

nextbigfuture.com/...nhanced-geothermal-energy.html

geothermal potential future current

shared by dpurdy on 07 Nov 11 - Cached
  • Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), also sometimes called engineered geothermal systems, offer great potential for more than 100 GW of geothermal power which 40 times more than present geothermal power.
  • ultimately geothermal global resources amount to 50,000 times the energy of all oil and gas resources in the world.
  • Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) – Often categorized under the antiquated term‘Hot Dry Rock,’ EGS is thought by several experts to refer to any resource that requires artificial stimulation. This includes resources that have to be fully engineered, or ones that produce hydrothermal fluid, but sub-commercially. Regarding the latter, one expert states that, ‘As we go further, there might be projects that require more and more stimulation.’ Although EGS technology is still young and many aspects remain unproven, several projects are currently underway. If EGS technology proves commercially successful, it is expected to allow significantly increased extension of and production from existing fields, as well as utilization of geothermal energy in previously implausible locations.
  • anonymous on 05 Oct 13
     
    today hindi news,today news talmi,hindi news www.killdo.de.gg
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