"Pros:
It is an organized and focussed way of testing.
It makes sure that everything is as per what has been documented in the requirement documents ie the Product confirms to what it is expected to perform.
It makes sure that all the basic flows of the application are covered. Cons:
Requirements are many a times not properly defined which leads to unclear tests.
In cases of requirements changes it wastes a lot of time and efforts to keep changing the tests.
It only confimrs that the system has been designed correctly.
It does not confirm in a concrete way that the output is also correct."

All software's are developed on the basis of some requirements and thus they are important while testing as well. Without requirements, what exactly do developers develop and testers would test? They would be working on assumptions, especially the testers. Without complete requirements, simply exercising on the code may reveal problems. Thus requirement based testing helps the tester to verify and validate the application. As without requirements a tester would be able to distinguish between feature and bug. There are few disadvantages of requirement based testing as well. If the requirements are not clearly defined or are misunderstood while testing, then this may result into missing some major issues.

"Pros:- Tester are aware with the requirements which helps them to identify and plan the areas which they can target. Testers can cover more type of testing as they are aware with the requirements.

Cons:- When testers are focused on requirements the chances of exploring all areas decreases which might cause problems. Poor requirement-based documents can create bigger problems and the probability of risk increases. "

Yes, for big software companies. As they spend huge amount on usability labs and they hire usability experts who are highly paid. But everyday usability projects are cheap. As Small Companies don't need any labs, they can perform in any spare space and they can trains there employee for usability testing. Thus they can save huge amount as no need to hire any professional.

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You need the expertise while performing security testing and tracking vulnerabilities. We at QA InfoTech have a dedicated, proficient security testing team experienced in both open source and commercial tools to take on security testing from early stages of the SDLC.

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Do you think an independent software testing company is better placed if yes, why?

An Independent software testing company is the best for our software product. The main benefit is customer satisfaction in terms of quality and 24*7 work on your product in case of an offshore partner. An independent software testing company gives you the added edge with an unbiased quality analysis of your product. Organizations can benefit immensely from vast domain knowledge and testing tools expertise of their testing partners. An independent software testing company would help you achieve the "zero defect vision" by being an able partner in bug prevention instead of just doing the bug detection .This gives an edge over other software companies. Being specialized in testing, it will have the defined process and man power to ensure a timely and bug free delivery of an application. Client also prefers specialized software testing company to test their product. So, having an independent software testing company is always a good bet.

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Manual software testing is one of the approaches to plan our testing as functional or automation testing has their own way of approach to plan testing. All approaches have its own way of doing it and it has own set of goal. Manual software testing uses many techniques like System testing, U.A.T Etc.
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Manual testing is a process of testing the applications manually by using gui, usability, data base, functional and validation. Manual tester can performs number of testing like unit testing, functional testing, Regression testing, performance testing Etc. As compared to automation tester, manual tested has to perform number of tasks.
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How to write a good bug report?
As an IT professional, it is a tuff job to write a good bug report. While writing few things we should keep in mind. These are following:-
Clear Title: - It helps system admin to assign the task to respective developers.
1 bug per report:- Always write only 1 bug per report because more than 1 bug causes confusion.
Pictures:- Use pictures which is more than a thousand words.
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In today's world software is everywhere, in Computers, mobile phones, TV, aero plane etc. All these appliances are connected to the internet. Software applications are being used by people all over the world. Application security testing is a must for software products to succeed in today's world. Security testing takes a different mindset than functional QA testing.
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How exploratory testing is different from Structured Testing?

Exploratory testing is done to expose the information which adds value to the stakeholders and access the quality of the software. Whereas structured testing is done to verify the software specified requirement but it is not same as verifying the quality of the software.

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Cloud Computing enhance the traditional method of cloud testing services. Companies are implementing this as a latest growing trend. To understand it more we need to understand few terminologies associated with it.

Self-healing:- A self managed system which monitors and heal.

Platform as a service (PAAS):- This refers to Infrastructure with operating system, protocol stacks and development tools installed, on which the customer develops software or hosts servers.

Utility computing: A model of purchasing computing capacity, such as CPU, storage, and bandwidth, from an IT service provider, billed based on consumption.

Virtualization technologies: Virtual private networks provide the ability to quickly reconfigure available resources on-demand and provide the necessary security assurance.

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Nowadays the mobile world seems to have gone app wild. The huge diversity of devices makes it virtually impossible to sustain reasonable quality standards for their mobile applications and websites across platforms. People uses their smart phones for surfing the web, inter-platform compatibility is becoming imperative and carries serious business Implications. The complexity starts with the multitude of handsets having different screen sizes, hardware configurations and image rending capabilities. In addition, the proliferation of operating platforms (iphones, Android, Blackberry, Windows etc.) and the hundreds of carriers worldwide working on diverse local network standards (GSM, CDMA etc.) is putting further strain on development teams. For instance, the performance of a GPS application may be influenced by bandwidth limitations and loss of data. Similarly, an SMS feature that works in Canada will not necessarily work in France or Asia.
So testing is becoming more complicated, and mobile Testing is becoming increasingly expensive.
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A test manager can provide an accurate estimation like Time, Cost, Resources, etc. for a large project of Quality Assurance Testing in following ways:

1. Prior experience from any similar project which has been executed earlier regarding the cost estimation and resource estimation.
2. Prior own testing Experience in a similar project regarding the types of testing to be performed, the test case creation techniques and procedure.
3. Prior experience regarding the test case creation and completion i.e. the number of days/weeks required for the complete test case creation including both RBT's and SBT's and the number of person hours utilized.
4. Using any test management tool greatly helps in providing useful estimates but this can be done only after the test team identifies and documents the necessary details.

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Do you know about the Conventional testing and Cloud based software testing?

Conventional testing: - This type of testing is generally done by the test engineers to check whether the develop application is working properly or not as per provided requirements. In Conventional testing we check only validation nothing else. In this we mainly focused on the functionalities of the application.

Cloud bases software testing:-
Cloud testing uses cloud (IAAS) infrastructure for the software testing. Cloud Testing is the solution for issues like limited test budget, meeting deadlines, high cost per test and large number of test cases etc.
In this we mainly focused on Load test, Stress test, Performance test, Compatibility testing, Browser Performance testing and Latency Testing.

Cloud testing has several differences which makes it advantageous over conventional testing:-
(1) Cloud computing gives the idea of sharing and utilization of various resources.
(2) Reduction of cost, time and labor:
As needed software can be used through cloud, thus the cost which was supposed to be reserved for purchasing license of tools that we really needed, can be saved. So, it reduces the cost of license of that particular software.
Also if we are using such a tool which has already been developed and open in cloud so it reduces time of testing. Tools provide easy automation in testing thus labor cost get decreased. Use of environment which is already in practice results to easy and proper estimation of errors and bugs thus it directly impacts quality of our product to which our testing is intended for.

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With all proven benefits of agile software testing methodology, there are certain challenges for teams involved. Often Agile teams face hard time in communication. It becomes very difficult working in cross functional teams, when all are located in different time zones. Agile methodology highly demands for regular communications and the knowledge maintenance and consistency with all members. But for in-house projects this challenge becomes an added advantage for the project. This facilitates the communication with on-time transfer of knowledge and information and quick feedback and review comments. Knowledge across teams is consistent and up-to date. The process is more fastened and efficiency and effectiveness of teams is at their best.

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Software Quality Assurance has two faces ie Quality Assurance and Quality Control. Let's find out the Similarity and difference between QA and QC.

Quality Assurance (QA): IT is a set of activities define to ensure that maintenance work is fully sufficient and thus system will meet its targets defined and all requirements are fulfilled. It emphasize on quality of work to be produced, to achieve quality throughout the cycle and thus preventing defects. Thus we can say that it is a preventive process for entire life cycle. All the methodologies, standards and norms defined for a process are e.g. of QA to ensure that proper requirements are defined at each level. QA analyst will make a test plan which will be based on the requirements of a customer wherein a QC will aim to make sure that product meets the requirement which is defined in a test plan set by QA analyst. QA is part of the quality management to assure the quality. It is process based and we can say it is process oriented.QA emphasis on defect prevention.

Quality Control (QC): It is to check whether the product is as per specification or not. It emphasize on finding the defects in the software. Testing is an e.g. of QC activity and thus we can say that it is a corrective process. It is basically defect detection, where engineer is responsible to ensure the quality of the product. It is more of product base and we can say product oriented where QC engineer emphasize and responsible for the product- to make sure that all the requirement of the customer (which is available in quality plan by QA engineer) are met by the product by finding defects.

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With the cut throat competition in Software Testing it has become imperative for Software testing companies to release their product quite early in the market. Thus now a day's one can see that all companies are moving towards Agile Processes.

As a coin has two sides similarly following agile processes has both positive and negative impact.

Using agile processes helps the product owner to release the product quite early as compared to if Waterfall model is used. Moreover in case of water fall model the resource utilization is not optimum as the product is provided to the tester quite late in the life cycle. With agile processes in place, both developer and tester work in tandem thus the optimum utilization of resources.

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The introduction of a new QA process in an existing organization depends a lot on the size of the organization and the risks involved. Proper formalized QA process is necessary for big organizations where high risks are involved in terms of lives and property and in small companies an ad-hoc process is suitable depending upon the type of projects and customers.
The QA process to be implemented should be well documented and the version control of the documents is also very important.
There should be a QA department functioning independently in the organization and this QA department must have interfaces with every department wherever there is a room for improvement.

As an independent offshore software testing organization we help build our partners bug free Products and Applications while providing a new perspective to their development efforts. This results in bringing impressive results for their business (faster time to market at reduced efforts). We have years of experience in strategizing and providing end to end QA solutions and Testing web based applications, online content databases, Publishing software as well as any application software product and environments. To know more: http://www.qainfotech.com/overview.html