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Overall, between 1980 and 2003, the number of drug offenders in prison or jail increased by 1100% from 41,100 in 1980 to 493,800 in 2003, with a remarkable rise in arrests concentrated in African American communities. This precipitous escalation began as the result of a tangible shift in law enforcement practices toward aggressively pursuing drug offenses.

America, land of the free, has earned the disturbing distinction of being the world's leading jailer. Representing just 5 percent of the world's population, we now hold 25 percent of its inmates. The "tough on crime" politics of the 1980s and 1990s fueled an explosion in incarceration rates.

Founded in 2001 by life-long South Bronx resident, Majora Carter, SSBx addresses land-use, energy, transportation, water & waste policy, and education to advance the environmental and economic rebirth of the South Bronx, and inspire solutions in areas like it across the nation and around the world.