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This FOA is intended to encourage exploratory studies to : (1) increase our understanding of how music affects the brain, body, and behavior and (2) use that knowledge to develop evidence-based music interventions to enhance health or treat specific diseases and disorders.  Proposed R21 projects can investigate how music is processed by or modifies the brain, or how it affects specific biological functions during childhood development and learning, adulthood, and aging.  Projects can also include preliminary interventions that provide a basis for therapeutic interventions. When appropriate, collaborations among basic researchers, technology developers, music intervention experts, or other clinical researchers are highly encouraged.

This broad spectrum FOA is intended to: (1) increase our understanding of how music affects the brain, body, and behavior and (2) use that knowledge to develop evidence-based music interventions to enhance health or treat specific diseases and disorders.  Proposed R01 projects can investigate how music is processed by or modifies the brain, or how it affects specific biological functions during childhood development and learning, adulthood, and aging.  Projects can also include preliminary interventions that provide a basis for therapeutic interventions. When appropriate, collaborations among basic researchers, technology developers, music intervention experts, or other clinical researchers are highly encouraged.

Through this funding opportunity announcement (FOA), the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) solicits grant research applications to study minor cannabinoids and terpenes in the cannabis plant as it relates to pain and nociception. Minor cannabinoids are defined as any and all cannabinoids from the cannabis plant other than Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). Cannabinoids and terpenes of particular interest include the following: Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabinol (CBN), Cannabichromene (CBC), Myrcene, β-caryophyllene, Limonene, α-terpineol, Linalool, α-phellandrene, α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, and α-humulene. This initiative intends to support highly innovative basic and/or mechanistic studies in appropriate model organisms and/or human subjects aiming to identify, describe and determine whether minor cannabinoids and/or terpenes can help treat pain.

This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) encourages applications that propose to develop studies that will lead to a broad understanding of the natural history of disorders that already do or could potentially benefit from early identification by newborn screening. A comprehensive understanding of the natural history of a disorder has been identified as a necessary element to facilitate appropriate interventions for infants identified by newborn screening. By defining the sequence and timing of the onset of symptoms and complications of a disorder, a valuable resource will be developed for the field. In addition, for some disorders, specific genotype-phenotype correlations may allow prediction of the clinical course, and for other disorders, identification of modifying genetic, epigenetic, or environmental factors will enhance an understanding of the clinical outcomes for an individual with such a condition. Comprehensive data on natural history will facilitate the field's ability to: 1) accurately diagnose the disorder; 2) understand the genetic and clinical heterogeneity and phenotypic expression of the disorder; 3) identify underlying mechanisms related to basic defects; 4) potentially prevent, manage, and treat symptoms and complications of the disorder; and 5) provide children and their families with needed support and predictive information about the disorder.

The Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) InitiativeSM is aimed at revolutionizing our understanding of the human brain. By accelerating the development and application of innovative technologies, researchers will be able to produce a new dynamic picture of the brain that, for the first time, will show how individual cells and complex neural circuits interact in both time and space. It is expected that the application of these new tools and technologies will ultimately lead to new ways to treat, cure, and even prevent brain disorders.

The Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative is aimed at revolutionizing our understanding of the human brain. By accelerating the development and application of innovative technologies, researchers will be able to produce a new dynamic picture of the brain that, for the first time, will show how individual cells and complex neural circuits interact in both time and space. It is expected that the application of these new tools and technologies will ultimately lead to new ways to treat and prevent brain disorders.

Research program focus areas identified by the foundation include: Pediatric Health - Projects that promote health and prevent or treat disease. Of particular interest are applied research projects focused on reducing the incidence of neonatal and early childhood illnesses, or those aimed at improving cognitive, social, and emotional aspects of development. Pediatric Nutrition - Projects that assure adequate nutrition to infants and young children, including applied research that evaluates the provision of specific nutrients and their related outcomes. Environmental Hazards (Nutrient Competitors) - Projects that document the impact of, or ameliorate the effects of, environmental hazards on the growth and development of infants and young children. Major target areas for research include new diagnostic tools that might be more rapid, more specific, more sensitive, or less invasive; treatment regimens that are novel, less stressful or painful, more targeted, have fewer side effects, and/or provide optimal dosing; symptom relief; preventative measures; assessment of deficiencies or excesses (vitamins, minerals, drugs, etc.); and risk assessment tools or measures for environmental hazards, trauma, etc. The foundation is interested in supporting projects that will result in "new" information, treatments, or tools that result in a change in practice; it rarely funds projects that are focused on sharing current information with parents or caregivers.