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Funding from this award will support the first year of a sub-study involving 5 of the 21 ABCD sites to include measures of delinquency and victimization in their investigations. The sub-study will address key questions on the interactions between substance use, brain development, delinquency, and victimization. The ABCD Study is the largest longitudinal study of brain development and child health in the US, following approximately 10,000 children (ages 9-10) across 21 sites into their early adulthood years. The ABCD Study, which is funded by NIDA, seeks to explore the standards of normal brain development across a young person's life trajectory, as well as numerous facets of adolescent brain, cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development.

NASA's Human Research Program (HRP) has released solicited research response area NRA 80JSC017N0001-BPBA "Topics in Biological, Physiological, and Behavioral Adaptations to Spaceflight: Integrated One Year Mission Project and Other Opportunities" that solicits applied research in support of HRP goals and objectives. The first topic in the solicitation is for proposals in the area of Analyses of the Temporal Nature of Human Adaptation to Long-Duration Low-Earth Orbit Missions. HRP has a requirement for sufficient crewmember experience at one year in spaceflight to demonstrate the presence or absence of unacceptable deleterious physiological, psychological and medical effects of spaceflight on human health and performance beyond the experience base of six-month expeditions and to permit extrapolation to early interplanetary expeditions with durations of up to two to three years. Therefore, HRP is proposing an integrated One-Year Mission Project on the International Space Station (ISS) consisting of five one-year missions five standard-duration six-month missions paralleling the year-long expeditions, and five short-duration crew vehicle exchange expeditions lasting up to two months to occur at the mid-point of each 1YM. Proposals are solicited by NASA in the additional areas of Biological, Physiological, and Behavioral Functions of Mice during Partial (0 - 1) G-Exposures Provided by Centrifugation on the International Space Station; Novel Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome Hypotheses and Countermeasures; Medical Countermeasures Targeting Multiple Tissues at Risk from Exposure to Space Radiation; Individual and Team Problem-Solving Skills Training for Exploration Missions; Sensory Stimulation for Cognitive and Behavioral Health; and Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research.

Research in HRP is organized around 32 risks and two concerns as outlined in the Human Research Roadmap (https://humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/Risks/). In this appendix of the 2017 HERO NRA, HRP is soliciting research for the following topics: · Topic 1: Analyses of the Temporal Nature of Human Adaptation to Long-Duration Low-Earth Orbit Missions Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR) · Topic 2: Biological, Physiological, and Behavioral Functions of Mice during Partial (0 - 1) G-Exposures Provided by Centrifugation on the International Space Station · Topic 3: Novel Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome Hypotheses and Countermeasures · Topic 4: Medical Countermeasures Targeting Multiple Tissues at Risk from Exposure to Space Radiation · Topic 5: Individual and Team Problem-Solving Skills Training for Exploration Missions · Topic 6: Sensory Stimulation for Cognitive and Behavioral Health · Topic 7: Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) invites applications to evaluate the cumulative and progressive effects on brain structure and cognitive/behavioral function of combined HIV infection and alcohol abuse. This project has recruited and longitudinally tracked a large cohort of individuals with HIV infection, or alcohol abuse, or the comorbid condition. As members of this cohort are growing older and living well longer due to antiretroviral medications, this project is well suited to address several questions of current interest in the HIV-AIDS research community. These questions include the effects of coinfection with the Hepatitis C virus, the involvement of peripheral neuropathy as a factor in frailty, potential neurotoxic effects of antiretroviral medications, and interactive effects with advancing age on sensory and motor functioning.

The purpose of this FOA is to support investigator-initiated R21 applications that will inform our understanding of the typical and atypical patterns of language and literacy development of dual language learners (DLLs) in the United States. Applicants are encouraged to take advantage of advances in the language sciences and related fields to identify and clarify specific cognitive, linguistic, neurobiological, and sociocultural factors associated with normal and impaired language and literacy acquisition in young DLL populations.

The NIA Behavioral and Social Research LEaders in Alzheimers Disease and Its Related Dementias (NIA BSR LEADR) program supports individual scientists of exceptional creativity who propose to use behavioral and social science perspectives and approaches for highly innovative, impactful, and potentially transformative theoretical, empirical, and clinical research addressing the challenges raised by Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementias (AD/ADRD) for individuals, their families, and society. Applications are welcome from individuals with diverse backgrounds. NIA encourages applications on a variety of AD/ADRD topics in which behavioral and social research can contribute, such as dementia care, dementia caregiver research, cognitive and dementia epidemiology, behavioral and social pathways of AD/ADRD, early psychological changes preceding AD/ADRD, prevention of AD/ADRD, and disparities in AD/ADRD or dementia-related outcomes.

The NIA Behavioral and Social Research LEaders in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Related Dementias (NIA BSR LEADR) program supports individual scientists of exceptional creativity who propose to use behavioral and social science perspectives and approaches for highly innovative, impactful, and potentially transformative theoretical, empirical, and clinical research addressing the challenges raised by Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementias (AD/ADRD) for individuals, their families, and society. Applications are welcome from individuals with diverse backgrounds. NIA encourages applications on a variety of AD/ADRD topics in which behavioral and social research can contribute, such as dementia care, dementia caregiver research, cognitive and dementia epidemiology, behavioral and social pathways of AD/ADRD, early psychological changes preceding AD/ADRD, prevention of AD/ADRD, and disparities in AD/ADRD or dementia-related outcomes.

This FOA encourages circumscribed projects to generate fundamental knowledge of affective processes with key consequences for single (e.g., cancer screening) and multiple (e.g., adherence to oral chemotherapy regimen) event decisions and behaviors across the cancer control continuum. The FOA solicits applications that involve collaboration among cancer control researchers and those from scientific disciplines not traditionally connected to cancer control applications (e.g., affective and cognitive neuroscience, decision science, consumer science) to elucidate perplexing and understudied problems in affective and decision sciences with downstream implications for cancer prevention and control.

Research program focus areas identified by the foundation include: Pediatric Health - Projects that promote health and prevent or treat disease. Of particular interest are applied research projects focused on reducing the incidence of neonatal and early childhood illnesses, or those aimed at improving cognitive, social, and emotional aspects of development. Pediatric Nutrition - Projects that assure adequate nutrition to infants and young children, including applied research that evaluates the provision of specific nutrients and their related outcomes. Environmental Hazards (Nutrient Competitors) - Projects that document the impact of, or ameliorate the effects of, environmental hazards on the growth and development of infants and young children. Major target areas for research include new diagnostic tools that might be more rapid, more specific, more sensitive, or less invasive; treatment regimens that are novel, less stressful or painful, more targeted, have fewer side effects, and/or provide optimal dosing; symptom relief; preventative measures; assessment of deficiencies or excesses (vitamins, minerals, drugs, etc.); and risk assessment tools or measures for environmental hazards, trauma, etc. The foundation is interested in supporting projects that will result in "new" information, treatments, or tools that result in a change in practice; it rarely funds projects that are focused on sharing current information with parents or caregivers.

The NIH Research Education Program (R25) supports research education activities in the mission areas of the NIH. The over-arching goal of this NIDA R25 program is to support educational activities that complement and/or enhance the training of a workforce to meet the nations biomedical, behavioral and clinical research needs in the use of ABCD data. To accomplish the stated over-arching goal, this FOA will support creative educational activities with a primary focus on Courses for Skills Development and Research Experience involving cooperative and competitive use of ABCD datas

If the proposed project does not address any of the FY18 ARP Clinical Translational Research Award Areas of Interest, the application should describe how the project will nevertheless address a critical need of the ASD community. Outcomes from studies funded by this award are anticipated to provide scientific rationale for subsequent development of larger, efficacy-based clinical trials of interventions that will transform ASD clinical care.