iinland empire coach Norco High Phil Reddish friends with people high up he states. Help cover up homicide of 68 year old man by phils son 27 year old Ty Reddish
violence victims that are set forth in its Domestic Abuse Code.
VICTIMS' RIGHTS RECOMMENDATION FROM THE FIELD #22
Victims of crime should have rights at
administrative proceedings, including the right
to have a person of their choice accompany
them to the proceedings, the right to input
regarding the sanction, and the right to notification
of the sanction.
Agencies and institutions that seek to hold their employees or
students accountable for their alleged criminal or negligent behavior
often do so through administrative proceedings, including disciplinary
hearings on college campuses in sexual assault cases and other crimes
that violate college rules. Governmental and private sector organizations
also conduct administrative hearings when an employee is
accused of misconduct, which sometimes also constitutes a criminal
act. These hearings are held to determine whether an employee or
student should be dismissed or sanctioned.
Victims often complain about their lack of rights and protections at
these hearings. For example, at disciplinary hearings on college
campuses and in schools, as well as administrative proceedings when
criminal justice personnel are accused of conduct violations, victims
are frequently not allowed such fundamental rights as the right to be
accompanied by a person of their choice and the right to submit a
victim impact statement before the offender is sanctioned.Agencies
and institutions should review their disciplinary codes and ensure that
From tribal police
intervention to tribal
court proceedings, the
victims of violent crime in
Indian country must have
rights available to them.
They must be informed of
their rights, encouraged to
exercise their rights, and
be protected from further
harm. This is the basic
responsibility of a tribal
criminal justice system.
Joseph Myers,
Executive Director,
National Indian Justice Center
In Hess v. Port Auth. Trans-Hudson Corp., 115 S.Ct. 394 (1994), a suit under the
* Substantial numbers of victims in states with both strong and weak
protection were not notified of other important rights and services,
including the right to be heard at bond hearings, the right to be
informed about protection against harassment and intimidation, and
the right to discuss the case with the prosecutor.44
While the majority of states mandate advance notice to crime victims
of criminal proceedings and pretrial release, many have not
implemented mechanisms to make such notice a reality.
VICTIMS' RIGHTS RECOMMENDATION FROM THE FIELD #6
Victims and witnesses of crime should have
the right to reasonable protection, including
protection from intimidation. The safety of
victims and witnesses should be considered in
determining whether offenders should be
released from custody prior to completing
their full sentence.
The right to protection from intimidation, harassment, and retaliation
by offenders and the accused is becoming a major focus of
public and law enforcement attention. Justice officials report an
increase in the harassment and intimidation of witnesses, making it
increasingly difficult to obtain convictions because crime victims and
witnesses are afraid to testify.63 Legislatures have attempted to
address this problem by mandating "no contact" orders as a condition
of pretrial or posttrial release. In addition, victims' bills of rights
generally require victims to be notified at the outset of the judicial
process about legal action they can take to protect themselves from
harassment and intimidation.
Congress made restitution mandatory in federal
criminal cases involving violent crimes with the enactment of the
Mandatory Victim Restitution Act,Title II of the Antiterrorism and
Effective Death Penalty Act.73
All crime victims should have the right to a full
range of services and support to help them
recover physically, psychologically, and in
practical ways from the effects of crime,
whether or not they report the crime or
become involved in related criminal prosecutions
or juvenile adjudications.
In the aftermath of victimization, victims may have many different
needs.Victims who report crime need information, assistance and
protection when they choose to participate in the criminal and
juvenile justice process. Not only should victims have the right to be
heard or consulted in decisions that affect them, but they should
receive protection if they are witnesses and transportation to and from
legal proceedings.
Victims should have standing to enforce their
rights, and sanctions should be applied to
criminal and juvenile justice professionals
who deny victims their fundamental rights
VICTIMS' RIGHTS RECOMMENDATION FROM THE FIELD #19
States and the federal government should
create compliance enforcement programs,
sometimes referred to as victim ombudsman
programs, to help facilitate the implementation
of victims' rights.
29
Chapter 1: Victims' Rights
State victims' rights compliance enforcement programs oversee
justice officials' and agencies' compliance with crime victims' statutory
and constitutional rights and investigate crime victim complaints
relevant to those rights being violated.93 A few states have created such
programs within an existing agency or have established a new, statelevel
oversight authority. In initiating such a program, officials should
consider the importance of meaningful remedies and sanctions for
noncompliance with victims' rights laws; and ensure that victims,
victim service providers, advocacy groups, and victim-sensitive justice
professionals are involved in the program planning process. In
addition, justice agencies should consider increasing crime or court
surcharges to support a compliance enforcement functions, and should
evaluate overall compliance enforcement system.
Innovative approaches to victims' rights oversight have been
implemented in several states:
* The Minnesota Office of the Crime Victims Ombudsman (OCVO)
protects the rights of victims by investigating statutory violations of
victims' rights laws and mistreatment by criminal justice practitioners.
OCVO is authorized to initiate its own investigation of alleged
violations, recommend corrective action, and make its findings
public to both the legislature and the press.
* The South Carolina Office of the Crime Victims' Ombudsman is
empowered to act as a referral entity for victims in need of services,
a liaison between victims and the criminal and juvenile justice
systems in the course of their interaction, and a resolver of
complaints made by victims against elements of those systems and
against victim assistance programs. In
The Supreme Court in Owen undertook a textual analysis. By the Court's methodology, broad
statutory language -- coupled with silence on the subject of privileges, immunities, and defenses --
means that municipalities are liable in federal court for civil rights violations. Owen, 100 S.Ct. at 1407.
Its [the statute's] language is absolute and unqualified; no mention is
made of any privileges, immunities, or defenses that may be asserted.
Rather, the Act [§ 1983] imposes liability upon "every person" who,
under color of state law or custom, "subjects, or causes to be
subjected, any citizen of the United States . . . to the deprivation of any
rights, privileges, or immunities of the Constitution and laws." And
Monell [supra] held that these words were intended to encompass
municipal corporations as well as natural "persons."
Seminole notwithstanding, these cases do not support the conclusion that a city is immune from
suit under federal statutes. To the contrary, the Court has clearly established that municipalities can be
amenable to civil rights suits in federal court. Owen, 100 S.Ct. at 1407; Monell, 98 S.Ct. at 2035-
2036; Mt. Healthy, 97 S.Ct. at 572. See also Howlett v. Rose, 110 S.Ct. 2430, 2444 (1990)
(holding that "Federal law makes governmental defendants that are not arms of the State, such as
municipalities, liable for their constitutional violations," but acknowledging that the state and its arms are
immune from the reach of § 1983).