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Acupuncture is advocated by some for pain control but there are doubts about its effectiveness and its safety. Investigators from the Universities of Exeter&Plymouth (Exeter, UK) and the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (Daejeon, South Korea) evaluated systematic reviews of acupuncture in order to explore the issue.

The Japanese Historical Map Collection contains about 2,300 early maps of Japan and the World. The collection was acquired by the University of California from the Mitsui family in 1949, and is housed on the Berkeley campus in the East Asian Library. Represented in this online collection are over 1100 images of maps and books from this Collection.

China is not the only country in history that has built a wall on its boundary. Athens, Rome, Denmark and Korea also did the same in the past. The Hadrian's Wall in Northern England was also built to separate the Romans from barbarians. All were built for the purpose of defending their country against its invaders.

What is Confucianism? Confucianism, the philosophical system founded on the teaching of Confucius (551 - 479 BC), dominated Chinese sociopolitical life for most of Chinese history and largely influenced the cultures of Korea, Japan, and Indochina. The Confucian school functioned as a recruiting ground for government positions, which were filled by those scoring highest on examinations in the Confucian classics.