Traditional Bedouin
Bedouin woman
in
Jerusalem
, ca. 1900
The Bedouins were
divided into related tribes.
These tribes were
organized on several levels—a widely quoted Bedouin saying is "I and my brothers
against my cousins, I and my brothers and my cousins against the world."
This saying signifies a hierarchy of loyalties based on closeness of kinship
that runs from the nuclear family through the lineage, the tribe, and even, in
principle at least, to an entire ethnic or linguistic group (which is perceived
to have a kinship basis).
Disputes are
settled, interests are pursued, and justice and order are
maintained by means of this organizational framework,
according to an ethic of
self-help and
collective responsibility (Andersen 14). The individual family
unit (known as a tent or
bayt
) typically
consisted of three or four adults (a married couple plus
siblings or parents)
and any number of
children.
When resources were
plentiful, several tents would travel together as a
goum. These groups were sometimes linked by
patriarchal lineage but just
as likely linked by
marriage (new wives were especially likely to have male
relatives join them), acquaintance or even no clearly
defined relation but a
simple shared
membership in the tribe.