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Molecular immunological approaches to biotherapy of human cancers--a review, hypothesis and implications.\nBecker Y.\nAnticancer Res. 2006 Mar-Apr;26(2A):1113-34. Review.\nPMID: 16619514 \n\nPolarized Th1 cells produce interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, and polarized Th2 cells and the hematopoietic cells produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13. In healthy individuals there is a Th1/Th2 cytokine balance, but during microbial-induced inflammation the pathogens induce an overproduction of the Th2 cytokines that inhibit the adaptive immune response against the pathogen. A review of studies on the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in humans harboring different tumor types revealed that tumor cells induce increased Th2 cytokine levels in patients' sera that can serve as indicators for the existence of tumors. I\n

"Improving Medical Information Systems Through Human Factors"

"There are very few large, well-designed human studies testing the health effects of DHEA supplements. For example, there is not enough scientific evidence to rate the effectiveness of DHEA supplements in treating adrenal insufficiency, metabolic syndrome, depression, HIV/AIDS, Addison's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, menopausal symptoms, heart disease, breast cancer, infertility, diabetes, or Parkinson's disease according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In addition, there isn't enough evidence to support the use of DHEA supplements as an anti-aging remedy or weight-loss aid. The NIH also cautions that DHEA supplements appear to be ineffective for boosting libido, enhancing muscle strength in elderly people, protecting against Alzheimer's disease and improving thinking in healthy older people."

New findings in rodents and human brain shed light on the mechanisms of major depressive disorder (MDD), uncovering over-expression of MKP-1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] phosphatase-1)...and identifying a new therapeutic target. MKP-1, also known as dual-specificity phosphatase-1 (DUSP1), is a member of a family of proteins that dephosphorylate both threonine and tyrosine residues and thereby serves as a key negative regulator of the MAPK cascade4, a major signaling pathway involved in neuronal plasticity, function and survival This study identifies MKP-1 as a key factor in MDD pathophysiology, and as a new target for therapeutic interventions.f Here we use whole-genome expression profiling of postmortem tissue and show significantly increased expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP-1, encoded by DUSP1, but hereafter called MKP-1) in the hippocampal subfields of subjects with MDD compared to matched controls. MKP-1, also known as dual-specificity phosphatase-1 (DUSP1), is a member of a family of proteins that dephosphorylate both threonine and tyrosine residues and thereby serves as a key negative regulator of the MAPK cascade4, a major signaling pathway involved in neuronal plasticity, function and survival. We tested the role of altered MKP-1 expression in rat and mouse models of depression and found that increased hippocampal MKP-1 expression, as a result of stress or viral-mediated gene transfer, causes depressive behaviors. Conversely, chronic antidepressant treatment normalizes stress-induced MKP-1 expression and behavior, and mice lacking MKP-1 are resilient to stress. These postmortem and preclinical studies identify MKP-1 as a key factor in MDD pathophysiology and as a new target for therapeutic interventions.

Vitamin D, nervous system and aging.\nP. Tuohimaa, T. Keisala, A. Minasyan, J. Cachat and A. Kalueff. .\nPsychoneuroendocrinology, Volume 34, Supplement 1, December 2009, Pages S278-S286\n NEUROACTIVE STEROIDS: EFFECTS and MECHANISMS ofACTION\n \n\nReview of vitamin D3, its active metabolites, and their functioning in the central nervous system (CNS), especially in relation to nervous system pathologies and aging. The vitamin D3 endocrine system consists of 3 active calcipherol hormones: calcidiol (25OHD3), 1α-calcitriol (1α,25(OH)2D3) and 24-calcitriol (24,25(OH)2D3). The impact of the calcipherol hormone system on aging, health and disease is discussed. Low serum calcidiol concentrations are associated with an increased risk of several chronic diseases including osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and muscle weakness ~ all of which can be considered aging-related diseases. The relationship of many of these diseases and aging-related changes in physiology show a U-shaped response curve to serum calcidiol concentrations. Clinical data suggest that vitamin D3 insufficiency is associated with an increased risk of several CNS diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and schizophrenia. In line with this, recent animal and human studies suggest that vitamin D insufficiency is associated with abnormal development and functioning of the CNS. * Overall, imbalances in the calcipherol system appear to cause abnormal function, including premature aging, of the CNS. *

In every industrialized nation, the movement to reform health care has begun with stories about cruelty. The Canadians had stories like the 1946 Toronto Globe and Mail report of a woman in labor who was refused help by three successive physicians, apparently because of her inability to pay. In Australia, a 1954 letter published in the Sydney Morning Herald sought help for a young woman who had lung disease. She couldn't afford to refill her oxygen tank, and had been forced to ration her intake "to a point where she is on the borderline of death." In Britain, George Bernard Shaw was at a London hospital visiting an eminent physician when an assistant came in to report that a sick man had arrived requesting treatment. "Is he worth it?" the physician asked. It was the normality of the question that shocked Shaw and prompted his scathing and influential 1906 play, "The Doctor's Dilemma." The British health system, he charged, was "a conspiracy to exploit popular credulity and human suffering."

"I think this is the civil rights issue of our generation: access to appropriate healthcare is a human right." ~Mad as Hell Doctors

I want to commend, and cry over, what WP wrote: "What I am seeing in needy areas are things/conditions I thought only existed in previous distant centuries. The patient populations have been well described by Charles Dickens and depicted graphically by Giordano in his opera set during the French revolution…a stream of ragged peasants limping across the stage, right here in the United States, in 2009." I can vouch for it here in Vermont…right next to Dartmouth's great Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center in Hanover, NH…where - at BEST - most Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Vermont clients CANNOT find a primary care physician (PCP) taking new patients… and where - at WORST - several women I know are choosing to die from their breast cancer because they cannot afford medical care and will not burden their kids or society. One woman has an MA in Counseling, and the other a PhD in Human Nutrition. These are not uneducated people… But they are most definitely poverty-stricken…and were poor before the 2008 global economic collapse.

Street Anatomy obsessively covers the use of human anatomy in medicine, art, and design. It began as a blog to educate people about the field of medical illustration and slowly evolved into an exploration of how anatomy is portrayed in everything from fine art to advertising.

Resveratol, found in red wine (etc.) stimulates the SIRT1 gene, which is linked to extended health + lifespan in rodents. Sitris was able to replicate those results in humans. The resveratol formula stimulates the same gene that 'calorie-restricted' diets do. Sitris also found it reduces blood glucose in diabetic patients...But small trial, short duration...

Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease.\nSiri--Tirino, et al.; \nAm J Clin Nutrition; 2010 Jan 13. \nPMID: 20071648\ndoi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27725\n\nConclusions: A meta-analysis of prospective epidemiologic studies showed that there is NO significant evidence that dietary saturated fat is associated with increased risk for CHD or CVD. More data are needed to elucidate whether CVD risks are likely to be influenced by the specific nutrients used to replace saturated fat