Lizzie&Makena&Sam

"Mafia in the United States." American & World History. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. .

The Sicilian Mafia was under attack from the facist regime of Benito Mussolini (1883-1945). During this time some Sicilian Mafiosi escaped to the US and got involved in the American Mafia. Sicilian-born crime boss Salvatore Maranzano (1886-1931) won the Castellammarese War and crowned himself the "capo di tutti capi," or boss of all bosses. Castellammarese War was a bloody power struggle between the two biggest Italian-American criminal gangs in New York City. Rising mobster Lucky Luciano (1897-1931) had him murdered the same year. Lucky Luciano masterminded the formation of an organization called the Commission, this was to be a national board of directors for the American Mafia. By then, it consisted of at least 20 crime families across the country. New York had become America's organized-crime capital and was divided into 5 main mafia families. Each Mafia family had a very organized heirarchy. First, it was headed by a boss that held the most authority and also received a cut of any money that was obtained by any member of his family. Under the boss was the underboss, and then the capos, or captains. The capos each controlled a crew of about 10 soldiers. The consigliere acted as an advisor and ombudsman. Lastly there were the associates, these were people who worked for the family but were not full members. To be "made" into the crime families you had to go through an initiation ceremony. Some procedures included pricking your finger to draw blood, or holding a burning picture of a patron saint while taking an oath of loyalty. In some cases, you even had to commit a murder before you could be "made."

"Al Capone biography Al Capone Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life Story - Biography.com ." bio. true story Famous Biographies & TV Shows - Biography.com . N.p., 16 Apr. 2006. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. .

Alphonse Capone was born on January 17, 1899. He was from an average, respectable family. He lived in a near Navy Yard which was a tough place to grow up in. His family was normal and law abiding, but it's believed that it was Capone's school that made him into who he became. Despite being a promising student, it was the inadequete and brutal school at a catholic institution that troubled the impressional young man. He was expeled at 14 for hitting a female teacher. It was then that Capone joined Johnny Torrio's James Street Boys gang. Torrio proved to have the greatest influence on the future gang leader. During a fight in the brothel-saloon a hoodlum scraped Capon'es left cheek, creating the later nickname "Scarface." Torrio moved from New York to Chicago in 1909 and brought Capone with him. It was his fathers death that is believed to be the turning point. The sudden freedom from parental influence is why Capone stopped trying to remain a law-abiding, respectful citizen. Capone took part in many crimes such as the St. Valentines Day Masacare and many other kidnapping and murders. In May 1929 Capone went to a "gansters" conference in Atlatnic City. While leaving the cinema he was arrested. He was released from jail on March 16, 1930 but was put on the "America's Most Wanted" list which publicly humiliated him. On March 13, 1931, a federal grand jury met secretly on the governments claim that in 1924 Al Capone had a tax liability of $32,488.81. Investigation on Capone went on from 1925-1929. On October 6, 1931 Capone's trial began. October 7 the jury declared Capone guilty and sentenced him to eleven years in prision and $50,000 in fines. In August 1934 Capone was moved from an Atalanta pison to Alcatraz. His sentence was reduced to six and a half years for good behavior. He died on January 25, 1947 of cardiac arrest. He was 48.

Good Quotes to use

- "There's a lot of envy and jealousy in the (Mafia) society. Not that different from Wall Street, except Wall Street don't kill you." - "Most of the public, they have this romantic view of the Mafia and they see the movies and they see guys sitting around, wearing $5,000 suits, talking elegantly. Believe me, it's not like that. It's 'Kill that so and so." - "That's why the Mafia has stayed around so long. If you're caught breaking one of these rules, you're going to die." - "If your mother is dying in the hospital and your capo asks you to do something, what are you going to do? You go with your capo." - "Sworn allegiance is to the Mafia family, then your regular family, then the church and then country. Your first allegiance is to the (Mob) family."

Rosenburg, Jennifer . "St. valentines Day Massacre." About.com. Jennifer Rosenburg, n.d. Web. 21 Sept. 2012. <history1900s.about.com/od/1920s/p/valentines

On February 14, 1929 the St. Valentines Day Masacre took place. This masacre made Al Capone a celebrity but gave him the unwanted attention from the federal government. In the late 1920's Chicago was split between two gangs: one led by Al Capone and the other led by George "Bugs" Moran. In early 1929 Capone agreed to fund an assassonation attempt on Moran and he put his associate Jack "Machine Gun" McGurn in charge of organizing it. McGurn located the Moran gang's headquarters, which was in a large garage behind the offices of S.M.C. Cartage Company at 2122 Clark Street. He hired killers to help with the mission and, very important to the plan, aquired a stolen police car and two uniforms. McGurn set the trap by tricking Moran to thinking their was going to be very good liquor sold at the garage for a very low price. Once the lookouts reconized "Bugs" Moran and watched him go into the garage, the killers dressed as policemen barged in. The men inside thought it was a routine police raid and peacefully lined up, faced the wall, and let the gunnmen dressed as police officers remove their weapons. Then the gunmen opened fire. The killing was fast and bloody. When the gunmen walked out of the garage There were neighbors looking out, curious at the sound of gun shot. What they saw was two police men walking behind two men dressed in civilian clothes with their hands up. The nieghbors assumed it was just the police arresting two men. When the masacre was discovered the nieghbors continued to blame the police for several weeks. Though all seven of the victims died, the plan was not a success. The person the lookouts indentified as Moran was really Albert Weinshack. Moran was running late to the meeting and when he arrived at the garage he saw the police car and kept his distance. Though everyone knew Capone was responsible, the police had no real evidence so they couldn't arrest him for it.

One major mob bust occured on November 14, 1957. Vito Genovese planned a meeting of the top mofiosi in the United States, Canada, and and Italy. This meeting took place at the home of Joseph "Joe the Barber" Barbera in Apalachin, New York. They intended to hash out a plan for controlling imports and exports, and gambling in New York City and across the country. Local cop Edgar Croswell had kept his eye on Barbara for months, and once he noticed what was going on he called other state trooopers to the scene. All the mobsters scattered throughout the estate, 58 men were taken into custody but up to 50 men escaped.

Cohen, Jennie . "Major Mob Busts in U.S. History." History.com - American & World History. N.p., 21 Jan. 2011. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. .

"FBI - Italian Organized Crime." FBI - Homepage. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. <http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/organizedcrime/italian_mafia

Camorra or Neapolitan Mafia (Based in Naples) The word "Camorra" means gang. They first appeared in the mid-1800s as a prison gang, once they were realeased they formed clans in citiese and grew in power. The Camorra has more than 100 clans and over 7,000 members, making it the largest of the Italian organized crime groups. The Camorra Wars resulted in the loss of 400 lives because of a dispute about drug trafficking routes with the Sicilian Mafia. They now specialize in cigarette smuggling, and receive payoff from anyone other criminal groups for any cigarette traffic through Italy. The Camorra are now also involved in money laundering, extortion, robbery, blackmail, kidnapping, political corruption, and counterfeiting.

La Cosa Nostra La Cosa Nostra is the foremost organized crime threat to American society. It is a nationwide alliance of criminals dedicated to pursuing crime and protecting its members. The LCN is divided into "families" that are generally arranged georgraphically and engaged in significant and organized racketeering activity, also known as the Mafia. La Cosa Nostra in most active in New England, Chicago, Detroit, Philidelphia, parts of New Jersey, and the New York metropolitan area. They have their roots in Italian organized crime, but have been a seperate organization for many years. Today, they still cooperate with organized crime groups based in Italy. New Orleans was the site of the first mafia incident in this country. October 15, 1890 New Orleans Police Superintendent David Hennessey was murdered execution style. They arrested hundreds of Sicilians, are indicted 19 of them for the murder. Outraged citizens killed 11 of the 19 men, two men were hanged, nine were shot, and the remaining eight got away. Over the years various gangs had assumed, and lost, dominance. The Black Hand gangs around 1900, the Five Points Gangs in the 1910s and 20s in New York, and Al Capone's Syndicate in Chicago in 1920. By then two primary factions had occured and caused a battle for dominace in the organized crime in New York City. The two groups eventually united to form La Cosa Nostra. After the first leader, Salvatore Maranzano was killed within the firt six months, Charles "Lucky" Luciano came to power. They had been able to establish a code of conduct, set up the "family" divisions and structure, and established procedures for resolving disputes, Luciano also set up the "Commision" which oversaw all of the gangs activites. When Luciano was deported back in Italy in 1946, he became a laison between the Sicilian Mafia and La Cosa Nostra.

"Mafia Mob - History of The Mob ." MafiaMob.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. .

Mafia is believed to be an illiteration from 1282 during the french invasion meaning "Morte Alla Francia Italia Anela" (Death to the French is Italy's Cry). To become part of the mafia you had to take an oath containing five basic principles that the mafia was (and still is) based on. 1. A Code of Silence- never "rat out" a fellow mafia member or what they have said, no matter how dangerous things may become. 2. Complete obidience to the boss- no matter what the boss asks you to do, you have to do it. 3. Assistance- to provide help to any other matia assossiate. 4. Vengeance- if a family attack occurs, there must be revenge. 5. Avoid Contact with Authorities By the 19th century the mafia had grown large and strong. Joining the mafia was a comitment for life. La Costra Nostra (LNC) was the ASmerican branch of the Mafia. It is believed to have started in 1893 when Don Vito Cascio Ferro fled to New York after the murder of banker Emanuele Notarbartolo in Sicily. In the 1920's when mussolini was trying to determinate the mafia in Sicily many Mafioso fled to America. By the early 1900's every large city in the united States had its own mafia branch. the prohibtion era is probubly the most famous era in gangster history. Gangsters shared their wealth and power openly. This was the start of Capon'e reign.

On January 24, 1925 Capone signed a desposition saying he valued his life too much to tell the police who tried to kill his mentor. The assassination attempt was of John "Papa Johnny" Torrio. He was shot infront of his home while unloading packages from his car with his wife. On Alcatraz in the 1930's Capone composed a musicsical manuscrpit for his spiritual counsler.

Moser, Whet. "Happy St. Valentine's Day (Massacre) - The 312 - February 2012 - Chicago." Chicago magazine - Dining, Shopping, Fashion, Entertainment, Real Estate, News and Events. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Oct. 2012. .

This doesn't talk about the masacre too much. It compare the masacre to other ones. When Capone's gang completed the assassination they were using cutting-edge technology: the Tomphson machine gun. This wasn't the first time this gun was used in a killing but this was shocking that this gang killed 7 men with the new model.

* country. "American Mafia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_

"Golfing Gangsters." Gale Databases. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2002. <go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=DA-SORT&inPS=true&prodId=GPS&userGroupName=mlin_n_wsparker&tabID=T004&searchId=R1&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&searchType=BasicSearchForm¤tPosition=6&contentSet=GALE%7CA303413956&&docId=GALE|A303413956

Al Capone was not a man to compete with, yet he emerged himself, like many other gangsters, in sports. He was a golf fanatic. "The hoods loved sports, Capone and a few others managed some fighters, and they went to baseball games together a lot too," says John Binder, author of the Chicago Outfit. Although Capone enjoyed a round of glof, that did not mean he was anygood at it. The games he played were aminly for fun with his fellow gangsters, but they each carried loaded weaponry in their bags. Capone's regular caddie was eight-year-old Tim Sullivan; of course he was always scared to death. But during the games Capone never took his anger out on Sullivan, but the matches were filled with arguments that often led to violence. Once, Capone even shot himself in the foot with a revolver while he was rummaging for a club. According to Capone's niece, Diebre Marie Capone, he even escaped to Scot,land to do some golfing duiring his reign. There is no proof Capone used golfing to gain money, but it is believed that criminal activity was likely in the planning on the fairways. When he died at age 48, he had not learned to sink a put.

Newspaper Article

FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin

Many gang members would assault sworn law enforcement professionals, and would seem to take pride in their actions. Specifically, seven gang members told the officers that they didnt want to escape from the crime, they wanted to kill the officer they assaulted, not just injure him. One member could have escaped but he chose to assault the officer instead. Some authors of the book "Violent Encounters: A Study of Felonious Assaults on Our Nation's Law Enforcement Officers" share what they had discovered. They said that most of the people that were involved in gangs did not have a stable home life. Many said that they did not have a man in their house to look up to. Whether their father had left the, or they worked full time and were never home. Some didn't even have a mother at home to look after them because they were never home, and they were unsupervised for most of their childhood. A lot of these people lived in difference places during their youth. They sometimes lived with grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and sometimes distant friends of their parents. Some of the places where they stayed house more than 5 children at a time, so they didn't have the attention that they needed. Many of these former gang members admitted that one or more people in their family had a problem with drugs, or alchohol, or had a criminal record. Gang members fail to learn how to act in situations outside of their home. Such as controlling their agression and what they say to others. They don't learn what negative consequences their actions could have, mostly because at home is were they would learn these skills, and the parents dont teach them. Many join gangs because, as one person said "I don't need to read to sell drugs. I make more money than those people who write books." Growing up they didnt get a very good education, and without their parents to support them, they didnt try as hard. Many were exposed to violence at an early age because they grew up in v

Pinizzotto, Anthony J., Ph.D, Edward F. Davis, M.S., and Charles E. Miller, III. "Street Gang Mentality." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 9 (Sept. 2007): 1-7. Print.

*use in video

Prohibition: Gangsters and the Liquor Business. Prod. Discovery Education. Discovery Education, 2005. Discovery Education. Web. 27 November 2012. .