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When I read about situated cognition, I saw that cognitive constructivism, social constructivism and situated cognition are the same in manner that all reject objectivist point of view to teaching. However, since they are three different theories, I wonder what makes them different from each other.  I encountered this article in which differences are well emphasized. According to the article: Cognitive constructivism says that people learn by building on their previous experiences with the environment. Since individuals have different history of experiences, same type of didactic teaching is not effective. Cognitive constructivism focuses on mainly individual. Social constructivism purports that knowledge are co-constructed by members of groups from different cultural backgrounds and learning environments should foster collaborative learning. Social constructivism mainly focuses on groups rather than individuals. Situated cognition, on the other hand, suggests that regardless of the fact that concepts are handled as individuals or as groups, if those concepts are not taught within their actual-natural context, learning of those concepts are meaningless and inert. Situated cognition mainly focuses on the context.

When situated learning theory (SLT) is investigated, it can be seen that most of the articles or documents mention learning by doing within an actual context. The first thing that comes to mind is the real world environment while someone mentions the SLT. What if we want to form a "legitimate peripheral participation" environment to learn a concept by the boundaries of online platforms? How can we design online platforms by using situated learning theory?

"Participation Learning becomes a social process dependent upon transactions with others. Learning is not separated from the world of action but exists in robust, complex, social environments made up of actors, actions, and situations. How to incorporate participation in online learning? *Create discussion boards to enable students to reflect socially *Encourage engagement in discussions and issues presented *Require students to present/defend their arguments in forums, discussion groups, bulletin boards *Encourage students to engage in critical reflection with other *Instructors should continually assess the growth of the student, and let the student know " These are the principles applied in our 542 course. We are experiencing situated cognition in progress.

SJTs have long history of being used for measuring situated cognition; they have been used from 1920's(McDaniel, et. al., 2001). Although SJT has been originated from the conception of measuring dimensions, it has been viewed as a measurement method(e.g., McDaniel, et. al., 2001; Weekly & Jones, 1999) because it has been difficult to delineate the dimensions and situations. The situations represented by scenarios in SJTs are viewed as method from psychometric sense, meaning that situation effect, scenario effect, or method effect are all interchangeable.

This source brings a focus to our readings I think; the assessment part. The example was partly hard for me to follow I have to say,I kinda got lost :) But I found the idea of the togetherness of knowledge dimensions and situational scenarios as methods. Thank you sharing

Canan, you are completely right about the sample SJT for situated cognition. I still try to figure out..But I can share a very easy form of SJT.

the page briefly and clearly defines what situated learning is, and shows how to create authentic learning contexts by using digital media. There are very short videos showing situated learning genres and some handouts which can be helpful in the class.

While I was reading about interactive case scenarios, I remembered some of my friends playing a game on the Internet called "fantasy role play". I am sure most of us have already heard about it because it is very popular among METU students. Actually the major aim of the game is to have some fun, but it can also be organized as a learning tool.

Thanks for sharing the examples. I already started thinking about how to integrate these into teacher training programs.

Situated cognition theory

I like this website; it gives the connection between situated learning and current educational necessities like modeling, scaffolding. In the class, these are expected from us and it really helps students visualize the target point. Thank you for sharing it with us.

This is the article which defines critical characteristics of situated learning enviroment. The authors used a lot of literature in the analysis part of the study. The purpose of this study was firstly, to identify critical characteristics of a situated learning environment from the extensive literature base on the subject; secondly, to operationalise the critical characteristics of a situated learning environment by designing a multimedia program which incorporated the identified characteristics; and thirdly, to investigate students' perceptions of their experiences using an multimedia package based on a situated learning framework. I think it will helpful us while we are searching for more articles on situated learning, because it has an extensive reference list.

Designing the instruction to make use of authenticity is very important as we discussed in the posts. Thank you Hatice for sharing this : )

This web page is provided by University of Wisconsin-Madison. In the page, there is an emphasis on the technological applications of situated learning theory since the page is allocated for 'transforming teaching and learning through technology'. I've found the page interesting to share because there are very good examples of situated learning through some tools like interactive case scenarios, augmented reality and situated documentary. The page is useful both for discovering those tools and finding some particular examples of situated learning.

In this study, resarchers has created a virtual learning enviroment by considering situated learning theory. The results explained that VR features and perceived usefulness variables were predictors for situated learning. Moreover,the results are found to be statistically significant and indicate that situated learning helps to improve the motivation to learn.

The video is generally about what is situated learning theory, how it is occurred, what is the Community of Practice and its structural elements. In the video, it is explained that Lave and Wenger observed different populations that learning takes place in social situations with other people thus the situated learning theory was born.

A case study in situated learning

Here is a website telling about communities of practice, situated learning and legitimate peripheral participation. You can check for an overview about situated learning.

"Many of the ways we have of talking about learning and education are based on the assumption that learning is something that individuals do". This is a really nice article that outlines the theory and its applications and some issues related to situated learning theory are pointed out.

What is the Situated Learning Theory? Situated learning, simply put, is learning that takes place in the same context in which it is applied. It was first proposed by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger as a model of learning in among group of people who share a craft and/or a profession, i.e., a community of practice.The basic tenet of the theory is that abstract knowledge usually given in the classroom is harder to retain.

This is a nice little newsletter that mentions some characteristics of situated learning. Some resources on situated learning and its usage in learning environments are offered !

Firstly, it was a nice source to read, thanks for sharing it. I agree with you time concerns, teacher and student charateristics are prominent to implement the principles of situated learning in practice. It is really difficult to create authentic learning environment in our classes under the stess of keeping up with the curriculum which is based on traditional theories of learning. Thus, it is the work of the curriculum specialists to revise the curricula to be more in line with the improvements in the field of learning sciences.

There is a case study which I really advise you to look at it. It is about a political course in which they took a government's problem about content and design of websites. He says "given all the considerations at work in municipal government, the students will decide how the power of the web can best be brought to bear on making government work better."

The article seeks to establish the usefulness of situated learning theory as a means of thinking differently about the alleged abstraction of school learning in a range of subjects including physical education, and the issue of transfer of learning. Following a discussion of Lave and Wenger's notion of situated learning as legitimate peripheral participation in communities of practice, the article explores the potential of Siedentop's sport education model as a means of providing young people with educative and authentic experiences of sport as legitimate peripheral participants. It is concluded that sport education may have the potential to provide educative and authentic experiences of sport.

A naval perspective of situated cognition for decision makers take the right action at the war theater.

This extension or maybe a different application of situated cognition interesting to check out. As far as I understand the model has been used in different military settings and they still offer more alternative usages of it.

A brief information on situated learning and Jean Lave : )

Thanks for sharing this Ayşegül, I found authentic context and information sharing really important in the explanation about situated learning. We should create situations for our students' internalization of the information. I think when they share, they make the information permament in their mind.

The article focuses on the application of situated learning based on a game "Full Spectrum Warrior", which is useful to review.

thank you burcu for sharing this with us it reminded me the game "SimCity" :)

I wish we had been born in this era. Students are so lucky. I can't imagine learning through such tools. We were all born into textbooks:-(

thank you pınar for sharing this source it will help us to find relationship of situated cognition with the others :)

A short funny video about situated learning. A teacher takes students to the supermarket so that they naturally learn basic subtraction in Math.